Challenges in Diagnosing Sudden Death Caused by Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis: An Autopsy-Based Case Report.

Forensic pathologists frequently encounter cases of sudden natural death. Most sudden natural deaths are attributed to cardiac causes. Acute pancreatitis, especially hemorrhagic pancreatitis, is an infrequent yet critical contributor to sudden death. The role of a forensic pathologist is imperative in such cases to find out the cause of the sudden death and to either confirm or refute any allegations. In this context, we describe a case of a 34-year-old male who experienced sudden death due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, highlighting the need for a detailed autopsy, pathophysiological insights, and diagnostic challenges.

Critical Appraisal of Drug Promotional Literature in Accordance With WHO Guidelines.

Background Drug promotional literature (DPL) is used as a marketing tactic to publicize the introduction of new medications. As drug companies are promoting the literature for their brand products, bias is possible. Various studies have demonstrated that printed DPLs disseminated by pharmaceutical companies are typically skewed. Material and method A prospective, observational study was carried out in the outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital to analyze the DPL of different pharmaceutical companies using WHO criteria for "Ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion, 1988". Results Out of 192 DPLs analyzed, information regarding the generic name, brand name, amount of active ingredient, and manufacturer name was found in all the DPLs (100%). Though therapeutic uses were mentioned in 91% of DPLs, dosage schedule (regimen) was mentioned only in 60%. Drug safety information such as the side effects and significant adverse drug reactions, precautions and warnings, contraindications, and major drug interactions were present in 24%, 36%, and 20%, respectively. Address of the manufacturer and reference to scientific literature were present only in 63% and 53% of DPLs, respectively. References mainly were from journals, present in 71% of DPLs. Most of the claims made in DPLs were regarding efficacy (73%), followed by safety (34%).  Conclusion In our study, not a single DPL fulfilled all the nine WHO criteria. A doctor should rigorously evaluate study findings before prescribing because misleading and incorrect information is now frequently found in this literature.

Fatal wild leopard attack injuries in Uttarakhand, India.

Leopard attacks on human beings is common in Uttarakhand which is an area of national conservation. The objective of this study is to examine the pattern of injuries and circumstances to encourage ways of reducing such conflicts. There were eight deaths from leopard attacks brought for autopsy to the mortuary between January 2019 and August 2020. Incidents occurred mostly in a forest close to human settlements. One tourist was among the male victims, the remainder of whom were women carrying out household duties near the forest. Leopard attack injuries present in the head and neck were ante-mortem, with abdomen, buttocks and limbs post-mortem. People living at the border of protected areas need alternative means of support to enable them to avoid using forest resources, tourists must be warned to avoid wandering in the area.