RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) have been increasingly used to enable delivery of intravenous chemotherapy. We aimed to compare the safety and cost of two commonly used CVCs, peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICCs) and ports, in the delivery of chemotherapy in patients with non-haematological malignancies. METHODS: Seventy patients were randomly assigned to receive either a PICC or a port. The primary endpoint was occurrence of major complications, which required removal of the CVC and secondary endpoints included occurrence of any complications. RESULTS: Port devices were associated with fewer complications compared with PICC lines (hazard ratio of 0.25, CI, 0.09-0.86, P = 0.038). Major complication rate was lower in the port arm compared to the PICC arm (0.047 versus 0.193 major complications/100 catheter days, P = 0.034) with 6 versus 20 % of patients experiencing major complications, respectively. Thrombosis, the most common complication, was significantly higher in the PICC arm compared to the port arm (25 versus 0 %, P = 0.013). Quality of life and cost estimates did not differ significantly between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS: Port devices are associated with a lower risk of complications, with no difference in cost, compared to PICC lines in patients with non-haematological malignancies receiving intravenous chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/economía , Cateterismo Periférico/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/economía , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Australia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentación , Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentación , Catéteres Venosos Centrales/efectos adversos , Catéteres Venosos Centrales/economía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/sangre , Neoplasias/economía , Calidad de Vida , Tasa de Supervivencia , Trombosis/economía , Trombosis/etiología , Dispositivos de Acceso Vascular/efectos adversos , Dispositivos de Acceso Vascular/economíaRESUMEN
The total syntheses of the (+/-)-1-carba analogues of cefoxitin (11), 7 alpha-methoxydeacetylcephalothin (5) and cefamandole (31) and the (+/-)-1-oxa analogue of cefamandole (43) are described. Their bioactivity spectra against 14 typical organisms are similar to those of their natural 1-thia counterparts, with the 1-carba compounds somewhat less active and the 1-oxa compound more active than the natural ones.
Asunto(s)
Cefoxitina/síntesis química , Cefalosporinas/síntesis química , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Cefamandol/análogos & derivados , Cefoxitina/análogos & derivados , Cefoxitina/farmacología , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , Métodos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
We review novel, in vivo and tissue-based imaging technologies that monitor and optimize cancer therapeutics. Recent advances in cancer treatment centre around the development of targeted therapies and personalisation of treatment regimes to individual tumour characteristics. However, clinical outcomes have not improved as expected. Further development of the use of molecular imaging to predict or assess treatment response must address spatial heterogeneity of cancer within the body. A combination of different imaging modalities should be used to relate the effect of the drug to dosing regimen or effective drug concentration at the local site of action. Molecular imaging provides a functional and dynamic read-out of cancer therapeutics, from nanometre to whole body scale. At the whole body scale, an increase in the sensitivity and specificity of the imaging probe is required to localise (micro)metastatic foci and/or residual disease that are currently below the limit of detection. The use of image-guided endoscopic biopsy can produce tumour cells or tissues for nanoscopic analysis in a relatively patient-compliant manner, thereby linking clinical imaging to a more precise assessment of molecular mechanisms. This multimodality imaging approach (in combination with genetics/genomic information) could be used to bridge the gap between our knowledge of mechanisms underlying the processes of metastasis, tumour dormancy and routine clinical practice. Treatment regimes could therefore be individually tailored both at diagnosis and throughout treatment, through monitoring of drug pharmacodynamics providing an early read-out of response or resistance.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Imagen Molecular/métodos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisis , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Integración de SistemasRESUMEN
We assessed the clinical response and side effects of Ferrous sulfate (FS) and Iron polymaltose complex (IPC) in 118 children with Iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Subjects were randomized to receive therapy with either oral IPC (Group A, n=59) or oral FS (Group B, n=59); all were given elemental iron in three divided doses of 6 mg/kg/day. One hundred and six children could be followed up; 53 in each group. Children who received ferrous sulfate were having higher hemoglobin level, and less residual complaints as compared to those who had received iron polymaltose complex. Our study suggests ferrous sulfate has a better clinical response and less significant adverse effects during treatment of IDA in children.