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1.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 47(5): 753-758, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37707405

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Endoluminal flow diversion reduces blood flow into intracranial aneurysms, promoting thrombosis. Postprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary for the prevention of thromboembolic complications. The purpose of this study is to therefore assess the impact that the type and duration of DAPT has on aneurysm occlusion rates and iatrogenic complications after flow diversion. METHODS: A retrospective review of a multicenter aneurysm database was performed from 2012 to 2020 to identify unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with single device flow diversion and ≥12-month follow-up. Clinical and radiologic data were analyzed with aneurysm occlusion as a function of DAPT duration serving as a primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Two hundred five patients underwent flow diversion with a single pipeline embolization device with 12.7% of treated aneurysms remaining nonoccluded during the study period. There were no significant differences in aneurysm morphology or type of DAPT used between occluded and nonoccluded groups. Nonoccluded aneurysms received a longer mean duration of DAPT (9.4 vs 7.1 months, P = 0.016) with a significant effect of DAPT duration on the observed aneurysm occlusion rate (F(2, 202) = 4.2, P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the rate of complications, including delayed ischemic strokes, observed between patients receiving short (≤6 months) and prolonged duration (>6 months) DAPT (7.9% vs 9.3%, P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: After flow diversion, an abbreviated duration of DAPT lasting 6 months may be most appropriate before transitioning to low-dose aspirin monotherapy to promote timely aneurysm occlusion while minimizing thromboembolic complications.


Asunto(s)
Embolización Terapéutica , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Humanos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Stents
2.
Neurosurg Focus ; 46(3): E11, 2019 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30835680

RESUMEN

In addition to standard management for the treatment of the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), implementation of novel neuroprotective interventions offers the potential for significant reductions in morbidity and long-term health costs. A better understanding of the systemic changes after SCI could provide insight into mechanisms that lead to secondary injury. An emerging area of research involves the complex interplay of the gut microbiome and the CNS, i.e., a brain-gut axis, or perhaps more appropriately, a CNS-gut axis. This review summarizes the relevant literature relating to the gut microbiome and SCI. Experimental models in stroke and traumatic brain injury demonstrate the bidirectional communication of the CNS to the gut with postinjury dysbiosis, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue-mediated neuroinflammatory responses, and bacterial-metabolite neurotransmission. Similar findings are being elucidated in SCI as well. Experimental interventions in these areas have shown promise in improving functional outcomes in animal models. This commensal relationship between the human body and its microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, represents an exciting frontier in experimental medicine.


Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/microbiología , Animales , Traslocación Bacteriana , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/microbiología , Quemaduras/microbiología , Disbiosis/complicaciones , Disbiosis/inmunología , Disbiosis/microbiología , Disbiosis/terapia , Trasplante de Microbiota Fecal , Retroalimentación Fisiológica , Humanos , Inmunidad Mucosa/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Ratones , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Sepsis/etiología , Sepsis/microbiología , Especificidad de la Especie , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/inmunología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/microbiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia
3.
Neurosurgery ; 95(1): 179-185, 2024 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38634693

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary to minimize the risk of periprocedural thromboembolic complications associated with aneurysm embolization using pipeline embolization device (PED). We aimed to assess the impact of platelet function testing (PFT) on reducing periprocedural thromboembolic complications associated with PED flow diversion in patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel. METHODS: Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms requiring PED flow diversion were identified from 13 centers for retrospective evaluation. Clinical variables including the results of PFT before treatment, periprocedural DAPT regimen, and intracranial complications occurring within 72 h of embolization were identified. Complication rates were compared between PFT and non-PFT groups. Differences between groups were tested for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon rank sum, Fisher exact, or χ 2 tests. A P -value <.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: 580 patients underwent PED embolization with 262 patients dichotomized to the PFT group and 318 patients to the non-PFT group. 13.7% of PFT group patients were clopidogrel nonresponders requiring changes in their pre-embolization DAPT regimen. Five percentage of PFT group [2.8%, 8.5%] patients experienced thromboembolic complications vs 1.6% of patients in the non-PFT group [0.6%, 3.8%] ( P = .019). Two (15.4%) PFT group patients with thromboembolic complications experienced permanent neurological disability vs 4 (80%) non-PFT group patients. 3.7% of PFT group patients [1.5%, 8.2%] and 3.5% [1.8%, 6.3%] of non-PFT group patients experienced hemorrhagic intracranial complications ( P > .9). CONCLUSION: Preprocedural PFT before PED treatment of intracranial aneurysms in patients premedicated with an aspirin and clopidogrel DAPT regimen may not be necessary to significantly reduce the risk of procedure-related intracranial complications.


Asunto(s)
Clopidogrel , Embolización Terapéutica , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria , Pruebas de Función Plaquetaria , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Clopidogrel/administración & dosificación , Clopidogrel/uso terapéutico , Tromboembolia/prevención & control , Tromboembolia/etiología , Tromboembolia/epidemiología , Aspirina/administración & dosificación , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adulto
4.
Neuroradiol J ; 35(4): 461-467, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34747246

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Flow diverting stents have revolutionized the treatment of intracranial aneurysms through endoluminal reconstruction of the parent vessel. Despite this, certain aneurysms require retreatment. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and radiologic determinants of aneurysm retreatment following flow diversion. METHODS: A multicenter flow diversion database was evaluated to identify patients presenting with an unruptured, previously untreated aneurysm with a minimum of 12 months' clinical and angiographic follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to identify determinants of retreatment. RESULTS: We identified 189 aneurysms treated in 189 patients with a single flow-diverting stent. Mean age was 54 years, and 89% were female. Complete occlusion was achieved in 70.3% and 83.6% of patients at six and 12 months, respectively. Aneurysm retreatment with additional flow-diverting stents occurred in 5.8% of cases. Univariate analysis revealed that dome diameter ≥10 mm (p = 0.012), pre-clinoid internal carotid artery location (p = 0.012), distal > proximal parent vessel diameter (p = 0.042), and later dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) discontinuation (p < 0.001) were predictive of retreatment. Multivariate analysis identified discontinuation of DAPT >12 months (p = 0.003) as a strong determinant of retreatment with dome diameter ≥10 mm trending toward statistical significance (p = 0.064). Large aneurysm neck diameter, presence of aneurysm branch vessels, patient age, smoking history, and hypertension were not determinant of retreatment on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged DAPT is the most important determinant of aneurysm retreatment following single-device flow diversion. Abbreviating DAPT duration to only six months should be a consideration in this population, especially for patients with a large aneurysm dome diameter.


Asunto(s)
Embolización Terapéutica , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria , Retratamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents , Resultado del Tratamiento
5.
Neurotrauma Rep ; 2(1): 391-398, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34901938

RESUMEN

Skull bone graft failure is a potential complication of autologous cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy (DC). Our objective was to investigate the association of graft size with subsequent bone graft failure after autologous cranioplasty. This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients age ≥18 years who underwent primary autologous cranioplasty between 2010 and 2017. The primary outcome was bone flap failure requiring graft removal. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic factors were recorded; three-dimensional (3D) reconstructive imaging was used to perform accurate measurements. Univariate and multi-variate regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for the primary outcome. Of the 131 patients who underwent primary autologous cranioplasty, 25 (19.0%) underwent removal of the graft after identification of bone flap necrosis on computed tomography (CT); 16 (64%) of these were culture positive. The mean surface area of craniectomy defect was 128.5 cm2 for patients with bone necrosis and 114.9 cm2 for those without bone necrosis. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that size of craniectomy defect was independently associated with subsequent bone flap failure; logistic regression analysis demonstrated a defect area >125 cm2 was independently associated with failure (odds ratio [OR] 3.29; confidence interval [CI]: 0.249-2.135). Patient- and operation-specific variables were not significant predictors of bone necrosis. Our results showed that increased size of antecedent DC is an independent risk factor for bone flap failure after autologous cranioplasty. Given these findings, clinicians should consider the increased potential of bone flap failure after autologous cranioplasty among patients whose initial DC was >125 cm2.

6.
Shock ; 52(3): 318-325, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30335675

RESUMEN

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to nearly 1 in 3 injury-related deaths in the United States and accounts for a substantial public health burden and cost. The current literature reports that physiologic responses in the gastrointestinal system after TBI include, but are not limited to, epithelial barrier dysfunction, microbiota changes, and immunologic transformations. Recent evidence suggests gut alterations after TBI modify the homeostasis of the bidirectional gut-microbiota-brain axis, resulting in altered immune responses in the periphery and the brain. This cascade possibly contributes to impaired central nervous system (CNS) healing. Although attention to the gut-brain-microbiota axis has been increasing in the literature, the precise mechanisms underlying the changes observed after TBI remain unclear. The purpose of this review are to describe our current understanding regarding alterations to the gut-microbiota-brain axis after TBI, highlight the pathophysiologic changes involved, and evaluate how these variations modify healing in the CNS or even contribute to secondary injury. We also discuss current investigations into potential medical therapies directed at the gut-microbiota-brain axis, which might offer improved outcomes after TBI.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Encéfalo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/microbiología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/patología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/fisiopatología , Humanos
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