In-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo Biological Activities of Flavonoids for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.

In spite of the fact that many medicinal plants have been truly utilized for the management of diabetes all through the world, very few of them have been reported scientifically. Recently, a diverse variety of animal models have been established to better understand the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, and new medications to treat the condition have been introduced in the market. Flavonoids are naturally occurring substances that can be found in plants and various foods and may have health benefits in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Flavonoids have also been shown to have an anti-inflammatory impact that is significant to neuropathic pain, as indicated by a decrease in several pro-inflammatory mediators such TNF-, NF-B IL-6, and IL-1. Flavonoids appear to be a viable novel therapy option for macrovasular complications in preclinical models; however, human clinical data is still inadequate. Recently, several in silico, in-vitro and in-vivo aproaches were made to evaluate mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes in a better way. Screening of natural antidiabetic agents from plant sources can be analysed by utilizing advanced in-vitro techniques and animal models. Natural compounds, mostly derived from plants, have been studied in diabetes models generated by chemical agents in the majority of research. The aim of this work was to review the available in silico, in-vitro and animal models of diabetes for screening of natural antidiabetic agents. This review contributes to the scientist's design of new methodologies for the development of novel therapeutic agents having potential antihyperglycemic activity.

Hepatitis C Virus Infection and ABO Blood Group Assessment: Tertiary Hospital Study in India.

People with certain blood groups and Rh positive are more prone to infections transmitted by blood transfusion. The aim of this research was to survey the accompaniment of ABO Blood Group System and Rh type with infection to hepatitis C virus in India. This was a retrospective study in patients during October 2019-March2022 in India. The population of blood donors was tested for blood borne infections, including HCV. Logistic regression was used and collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.16.A total number of 901 people referred to the organization for donating blood during aforementioned years. Of these, 224 people had a history of hepatitis C disease, including 189 unmarried persons and the rest were married. 167 individuals were males and 57individuals were females. People who had viral diseases were comprised of 76 persons with negative Rh and 148positive persons with Rh.Future aims should include studies into blood groups and Rh types, according to the results of this study, in order to avoid the spread of blood-borne infections. Furthermore, further study is needed to establish the particular blood kinds that provide an elevated danger for classified donors.

Blood Transfusion Reaction Reporting at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is the infusion of whole blood or its components into the veins of the patient to improve tissue oxygenation and maintain hemostasis. Besides its clinical use, it can pose a risk of transfusion complications with different factors. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess blood transfusion complications, and associated factors among transfused adult patients at Tertiary care Hospital, Hyderabad, 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a total of 182 patients from March 20 to June 15, 2022. Patients were enrolled in the study using consecutive sampling method. The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire and data extraction sheet, respectively. About 3 ml of anti-coagulated blood and 30 ml of urine samples were collected to assess transfusion complications. CBC and Coombs test were performed from blood and urinalysis from urine, respectively. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression were done using SPSS version 25. P-values less than 0.05 are declared as statistically significant. RESULTS: An acute transfusion reaction (ATR) was encountered in 12 (6.6%) patients. It was 4.13, 7.78 and 3.96 times more likely to occur among patients with a previous history of transfusion, abortion, and transfused blood stored for more than 20 days compared to their counterparts, respectively. In addition, the odds of developing ATR increase by 2.07 as the number of transfused blood units increases by 1 unit. CONCLUSION: The incidence of acute transfusion reactions was high. During transfusion, clinicians should closely monitor patients who had history of transfusion, abortion, transfused old blood and more than 1 unit.

Envisioning Clinical Management of Breast Cancer: a Comprehensive Review.

Coming to the edge of disease manufacturing in the twenty-first-century, breast cancer occupies a terrifying scenario in the globe, especially in adult women. Its curiosity endeavours remarkable advances made during the past decennaries for cancer treatment and diagnosis.

Dengue fever coinfection in COVID-19 era: A public health concern.

Background and Aim: Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection is commonly encountered and constantly reported in particularly the dengue-endemic regions thus posing a co-epidemic threat. Coinfection is also significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. Comorbidity risk during a coinfection is of a greater concern. Although the pathophysiologies of the two infections vary, their identical clinical symptoms during coinfection result in diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Methods: A literature search for the current relevant reports was carried out. The searched databases were Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Web of Science, with health agencies like the WHO. Based on the selection criteria, the most recent and pertinent reports published in English language were included for the ease of understanding, deciphering and analysing the secondary data. Results: A delay in proper diagnosis of coinfection could result in serious complications with poor patient outcome. Whether it is a standalone dengue or COVID-19 infection or a coinfection, specific biomarkers may be utilized for its foolproof diagnosis. This article highlights the various diagnostic techniques and immune responses from the perspective of prompt and appropriate public health management for patients suffering from COVID-19 and dengue viral coinfections, both being independently or collectively capable of damaging a human body. Conclusion: As coinfection poses significantly large burden on an already-fragile healthcare facility, constant monitoring of a coinfected patient is needed for prompt and suitable therapeutics. Also, to maintain high vigilance and invoke appropriate preventive measures particularly in dengue endemic regions, the government, healthcare authority and the general public need to collaborate and cooperate.

Novel Approaches for the Enhancement of Bioavailability of Drugs: An Updated Review.

In medicine, bioavailability is the percentage of a drug that enters the bloodstream and can be used to treat a patient. It has proven challenging throughout time to develop techniques that allow oral administration of most drugs, regardless of their properties, to achieve therapeutic systemic availability. This will be an impressive feat, considering that over 90% of pharmaceuticals are known to have limitations on their oral bioavailability. Improving bioavailability is crucial for optimizing the efficacy and safety of drugs. This review covers a wide range of techniques, including physical, chemical, and formulation approaches, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Inhibitions of efflux pumps, inhibition of presystemic metabolism, and innovative drug delivery systems that capitalize on the gastrointestinal regionality of medicines are some of the new techniques that have drawn increased interest. Nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals is also being used in this field. We have collected the literature data from 2009 to 2024 using Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar.