[Clinical analysis of 244 cases with abdominal wall endometriosis].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes and prognostic factors of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). Methods: A total of 265 AWE patients who underwent surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to April 2023 were retrospectively selected, and 244 patients had complete follow-up data. According to different depth of lesions, the enrolled patients were divided into three types: type Ⅰ (subcutaneous fat layer, n=30), type Ⅱ (anterior sheath muscle layer, n=174) and type Ⅲ (peritoneum layer, n=40). The general clinical features, perioperative conditions, recurrent outcome and prognostic factors were analyzed in three types. Results: (1) Compared with type Ⅲ patients, the age of onset, parity and incidence of pelvic endometriosis were significantly decreased in type Ⅱ patients [(32.0±4.0) vs (30.0±4.6) years, 1.6±0.6 vs 1.4±0.5, 10.0% (4/40) vs 1.7% (3/174), respectively; all P<0.05], while the proportion of patients with transverse incision was significantly increased [37.5% (15/40) vs 67.3% (115/171); P<0.01]. The first symptoms of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were mainly palpable mass in the abdominal wall [73.3% (22/30), 63.2% (110/174), respectively], but the first symptom of type Ⅲ was pain in the abdominal wall [55.0% (22/40); all P<0.05]. (2) No matter the results of preoperative B-ultrasound or intraoperative exploration, the lesion diameters of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ showed significant upward trends (all P<0.05). The proportions of lesion diameter≥3 cm in type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ [67.8% (118/174), 80.0% (32/40)] were significantly higher than that in type Ⅰ (all P<0.05). The median operation time and blood loss of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly lower than those of type Ⅲ (type Ⅰ vs type Ⅲ: 37.5 vs 50.0 minutes, 10 vs 20 ml, all P<0.05; type Ⅱ vs type Ⅲ: 35.0 vs 50.0 minutes, 10 vs 20 ml, all P<0.05). (3) The median follow-up time was 49 months, the overall symptom remission rate was 98.4% (240/244), and the recurrence rate was 7.0% (17/244). There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and recurrence free time among three types (all P>0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the depth, number, diameter of lesions and postoperative adjuvant medication were not significant factors for postoperative recurrence (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of type Ⅲ are the most serious, including obvious abdominal pain symptoms, larger lesion diameter, prolonged operation time, increased intraoperative blood loss and increased incidence of pelvic endometriosis. Complete resection of lesions is an effective treatment for AWE, with high symptom remission rate and low recurrence rate. The depth, number, diameter of lesions and postoperative adjuvant medication are not risk factors for recurrence.

[A preliminary study on the efficacy and safety of a new type of trabeculotome tunnelling trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculotome tunnelling trabeculoplasty and gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study. The patients with open-angle glaucoma diagnosed in the ophthalmology center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January to July 2022 were collected and divided into GATT group (undergoing GATT) and 3T group (undergoing 3T operation) using a random number table. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded for both groups at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation, and the types and quantities of anti-glaucoma drugs used, postoperative complications, and surgical success rate were compared. Normal distribution measurement data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, non-normal distribution measurement data were analyzed using non-parametric tests, and counting data were analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: This study included 35 patients (43 eyes), consisting of 27 males and 8 females, with an average age of (43.0±14.3) years. There were 21 patients (23 eyes) in the GATT group and 19 patients (20 eyes) in the 3T group. The maximum IOP without anti-glaucoma drugs before surgery, the highest IOP with the maximum number of anti-glaucoma drugs, and the IOP at 3 months after surgery in the GATT group were (33.5±9.1), (22.2±6.1), and (16.0±3.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively. The corresponding values for the 3T group were (35.2±7.8), (21.5±6.8), and (16.1±2.0) mmHg. After surgery, the IOP in both groups was lower than before surgery, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) and no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). In the 3 months following surgery, 13 eyes in the GATT group and 11 eyes in the 3T group received more than two types of anti-glaucoma drugs, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Three months after surgery, the complete and conditional success rates of the GATT group were 14/18 and 16/18, respectively, and those of the 3T group were 12/15 and 13/15, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of hyphema, ciliary detachment, and shallow anterior chamber 1 day after surgery was 91%(21/23), 35%(8/23), and 30%(7/23), respectively, in the GATT group and 55%(11/20), 5%(1/20), and 0 in the 3T group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: 3T and GATT have similar success rates in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. However, compared with GATT, 3T has fewer complications and is considered to be safer. (This article was published ahead of print on the Online-First Publishing Platform for Excellent Scientific Researches of Chinese Medical Association Publishing House on February 28, 2023).

[Visualization of transcriptome data].

As an important method to study the phenotype and function of organisms, transcriptome has become one of hot topics in current research. The transcriptomics research usually accompanies with massive data. With the increase of the amount of data, the rules and features hidden in it are not easy to be found. Transforming big data into visual graphics is the most undoubtedly intuitive way to display the hidden information of big data. Several graphs commonly used in transcriptome study were introduced in this paper, such as Venn diagram, heat map, principal component analysis scatter plot, enrichment analysis plot, and time series analysis plot, in order to help readers to choose suitable graphics in future studies.

[High glucose reduced the repair function of kidney stem cells conditional medium to the hypoxia-injured renal tubular epithelium cells].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impacts of high glucose on the repair function of kidney stem cells (KSC) conditional medium to the hypoxia-injured renal tubular epithelium cells (RTEC). METHODS: KSC were isolated from the renal papilla in 4-week-Sprague-Dawley rats. The KSC were pretreated in media with high glucose (30 mmol/L) or with normal glucose (5.6 mmol/L), respectively. The supernatants of the pre-treated KSC were collected as the conditional media. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of rat RTEC was established using the NRK-52E cell line. The effects of KSC conditional media on the H/R RTEC were investigated. RESULTS: (1) The best H/R model of RTEC was established using hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation 2 h. (2) After hypoxia, the early and late cell apoptosis rates of the H/R RTEC were increased. The H/R RTEC were co-cultured with KSC conditional media for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The H/R RTEC were co-cultured with DMEM/F12 as a control group. The cell apoptosis rate of H/R RTEC was lower after co-cultured with KSC conditional media (P<0.01), and the cell apoptosis rate of H/R RTEC in high glucose group was much higher than that in normal glucose group after co-cultured 24 h (P=0.02). (3) After hypoxia, the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the H/R RTEC supernatant were increased, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level decreased. The LDH and MDA levels were lower and the SOD level was higher after co-cultured with KSC conditional media for 12 h and 24 h, respectively (P<0.01). The LDH and MDA levels of H/R RTEC supernatant were much higher in the high glucose group than in the normal glucose group (P<0.05), and the SOD level of H/R RTEC supernatant was much lower in the high glucose group than in the normal glucose group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: KSC conditional media could repair the H/R injury of RTEC. The effects were mainly by inhibiting cell apoptosis, and reducing oxidative stress; the anti-cell apoptosis ability and the anti-oxidative stress capacity of the conditional medium were reduced after KSC were pre-treated with high glucose.

[Using the sequenced sample cluster analysis to study the body mass index distribution characteristics of adults in different age groups and genders].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of distribution on Chinese adult body mass index (BMI) in different age groups and genders and to provide reference related to obesity and related chronic diseases. Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009 were used. Sequential sample cluster method was used to analyze the characteristics of BMI distribution in different age groups and genders by SAS. Results: Our results showed that the adult BMI in China should be divided into 3 groups according to their age, as 20 to 40 years old, 40 to 65 years old, and> 65 years old, in females or in total when grouped by difference of 5 years. For groupings in male, the three groups should be as 20 to 40, 40 to 60 years old and>60 years old. There were differences on distribution between the male and female groups. When grouped by difference of 10 years, all of the clusters for male, female and total groups as 20-40, 40-60 and>60 years old, became similar for the three classes, respectively, with no differences of distribution between gender, suggesting that the 5-years grouping was more accurate than the 10-years one, and BMI showing gender differences. Conclusions: BMI of the Chinese adults should be divided into 3 categories according to the characteristics of their age. Our results showed that BMI was increasing with age in youths and adolescents, remained unchanged in the middle-aged but decreasing in the elderly.

[The role of poloxamer 188 for cord blood mononuclear cells into megakaryocytes cultivation and induction in three-dimensional WAVE Bioreactor].

Objective: To observe the effect of poloxamer 188 (P188) on megakaryocyte cultivation and induction from cord blood mononuclear cells in order to obtain more megakaryocyte progenitor cells (MPC). Methods: The cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated and inoculated in cell culture bag or cell culture flask respectively. The WIGGENS shaker and cell culture bags were used to mimick WAVE Bioreactor for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, and the P188 was added to induction medium, The cells were detected for morphology, surface marker, viability, and number on day 14. Results: In the two-dimensional (2D) culture, CD41(+), CD41(+)/CD61(+), CD61(+) megakaryocytic numbers increased significantly after adding P188 (all P<0.01). And in the 3D culture of adding P188, the cell volume became larger and the nuclear shape was irregular, the cytoplasm appeared magenta granules, and the megakaryocyte cells became more mature. By 3D culture, the expression of CD41/CD61 was (36.30±1.27)% vs (23.95±1.34)%, hence the differentiation for MPC was significantly higher than that in the 2D group (P<0.01). Furthermore, adding P188 in 3D culture resulted in highest differentiation efficiency for MPC [(59.45±1.20)%]. There were no significantly differences in terms of cell viability and cell number among 3D culture containing P188, 2D and 3D culture groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: 3D culture was beneficial for the differentiation of MPC, but the cell viability was lower than 2D group; However, the satisfied cell growth and better induction efficiency were obtained by adding of P188, which might provide a new method of megakaryocytes production for clinical application.

[Mononuclear cells of umbilical cord blood differentiation to granulocyte cell in vitro].

Objective: To explore an optimal method for granulocyte cell production from umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells. Methods: Erythrocytes were precipitated by hydroxyethyl starch. Mononuclear cells were isolated through Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Different media, additives and cultivation model were chosen for granulocyte induction. Cell morphology was observed by microscopy, and cell phenotype was detected by flow cytometry. The CD18 expression of granulocytes was tested by immunofluorescence assay, and phagocytosis test was executed as well. Results: Compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS) treatment group, cell viability, counts and differentiation rate of granulocytes induced by X-VIVO(TM) 15 combined with TPO, SCF, G-CSF but without FBS were superior. And X-VIVO(TM)15 medium was better than SCGM medium at effectiveness and cost. Using two-stage mode of hematopoietic stem cell expansion followed by granulocyte induction with X-VIVO(TM)15 combining TPO, SCF and G-CSF, cell proliferation was nearly 132 times at day 21. Flow cytometry showed that the differentiation was lagged in 2-stage mode than in direct induction mode, CD15 expression was (69.60± 1.06) % vs (97.73±0.39) %; Wright-Giemsa staining demonstrated mature granulocytes; immunofluorescence showed the expression of lysosomal proteins CD18. A strong phagocytic function of mature granulocytes was demonstrated by phagotrophic efficiency of (51.43±0.05) %. And granulocyte had chemotaxis ability under the role of chemotactic factor IL-8. Conclusion: Optimized culture media and cultivation mode are achieved for functional granulocytes induction in vitro.

Preferential suppression of low molecular weight natural tumor suppressor of human fetal liver origin on the growth of leukemic cells in vitro.

A natural tumor suppressor of human fetal liver origin with low molecular weight (LMW-NTS) was studied. The methanol extract of human fetal liver supernatant (FLS-MeOH), a crude preparation of LMW-NTS, showed preferential suppression on the growth of leukemic cell lines HL-60, L833, WEHI-3, and L1210, but less effect on the growth of normal bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in vitro. Preliminary experiments showed that FLS-MeOH also exhibited preferential suppression on the growth of leukemic colony-forming units (L-CFU) from six patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In combination with a long-term in vitro liquid culture system, FLS-MeOH could be adopted as an effective purging agent in the autologous bone marrow transplantation treatment of myeloid leukemia.

Effects of human fetal liver extract on the growth of HL-60 cells.

Two kinds of HL-60 cell growth suppressor present in human fetal liver were studied. One is the already known arginase, which showed nonspecific suppression on the growth of HL-60 cells and human granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and the other, a new species of suppressor with the characteristics of lower molecular weight (less than 10,000 daltons), shows preferential suppression on HL-60 cell growth, but less effect on the growth of CFU-GM.

Studies on the suppression of HL-60 cell growth in vitro by low molecular weight suppressor of human fetal liver origin.

In human fetal liver there are at least two kinds of cell growth suppressor, arginase and a low molecular weight suppressor, both are cytotoxic towards HL-60 cells under the condition of in vitro culture, and mainly present in the supernatant of fetal liver cell suspension. As compared with arginase, the low molecular weight suppressor shows a preferential suppression on HL-60 cell growth rather than that of granuloid-macrophage progenitors of normal human bone marrow.

A new pharmacological activity of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on selective elimination of tumor cells from bone marrow.

DBP possesses a new pharmacological activity leading to selective deterioration of leukemic cells, with less harmful effect on the growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors.

[Effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and their response to cytokines].

To elucidate the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and their response to cytokines, the cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood by using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system (MACS). Mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34(+) cells were incubated in severe hypoxia (1% oxygen) culture system, and the colony forming cells and antigen expression were studied by colony forming assays and FACS analysis. The results showed that incubation in severe hypoxia increased the number of erythroid bursts (BFU-E) (324.8+/-41.4/10(4) cells) generated from CD34(+) cells (191.2+/-34.5/10(4) cells in the control group, P<0.01). Severe hypoxia also enhanced the maintenance and cloning efficiency of BFU-E in a liquid culture system without growth factors, the number of BFU-E (152.4+/-22.6/10(4)cells) was much bigger than that in the control group (74.2+/-9.3/10(4) cells, P<0.01). In cultures incubated in hypoxia, the percentage of CD34(+) cells was significantly higher (2.5+/-1.2-fold, P<0.05) than in those incubated in air. BFU-E cloning efficiency of MNC was not significantly affected by hypoxia. The above results show that hypoxia enhances the maintenance of erythroid progenitor cells generated from CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, no matter growth factors are present or not. These positive effects of hypoxia did not occur for the other progenitors.

[The effect of GM-CSF/IL-3 on the grafting efficiency of CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood].

CD34+ cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood by using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system with anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody coated with microbeads, and then inoculated onto a pre-formed irradiated bone marrow stroma to evaluate the grafting efficiency of CD34+ cells with rhGM-CSF or IL-3, alone or in combination. The results showed that only 36% CD34+ cells in the control, and 68 - 89.6% in the groups with growth factors treatment seeded to the stroma. A short incubation of CD34+ cells with growth factors could rapidly reconstitute a long-term hemopoiesis in the long-term liquid culture system. This demonstrates that a brief treatment of CD34+ cells with GM-CSF or IL-3 can improve the grafting efficiency of transplanted umbilical cord blood cells.

[Effect of a human fetal liver factor in suppression of HL-60 cell growth in vitro].

Two kinds of HL-60 cell growth suppressors present in human fetal liver were studied. One is the known arginase which shows non-specific suppression on the growth of HL-60 cells and human granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and the other, a new species of suppressor with a lower molecular weight (less than 10,000 daltons), shows preferential suppression on HL-60 cell growth, but less suppressive effect on the growth of CFU-GM.

[Studies on the isolation, structure identification and biological function of two tumor cell suppressors of human fetal liver origin].

Our previous work showed the existence of low molecular weight tumor suppressors in human fetal tissues. In this paper, two tumor cell suppressors were isolated and purified from methanol extract of human fetal liver by C18 reversed-phase medium pressure chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20, and high-performance liquid chromatography, directed by suppression of growth of HL-60 cells. The structures of the suppressors were identified to be 7-ketocholesterol and 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. Under the condition of in vitro agar plate culture, 7-ketocholesterol and 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol showed preferentially inhibitory effects on the growth of both human and murine leukemic cell lines including human HL-60 and murine S-180 cells, but less effective on the growth of normal human and murine bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM).