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The deficiency of effective biomarker for the toxic effects of water pollutants greatly limits the application of biological monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of circulating exosomes of indigenous fish acting as biomarker for the ecotoxicity effect of water environment. The Helong Reservoir in Guangzhou, China, was chosen as the investigating field, of which the water quality belongs to Class V (2013) (GB 3838-2002, China). The clean drinking water source of the upper reaches of the Liuxihe Reservoir was selected as the control. Indigenous fishes including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia), Labeo rohita (Rohu), Carassius auratus (Crucian carp) were sampled during the period from July 2020 to April 2021. Circulating exosomes of fish samples were isolated by using ultracentrifugation, characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantified by using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Oxidative stress, DNA and chromosome damage in liver, kidney, brain, gill and blood of fish samples were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, DNA and chromosome damage in fish samples between the Helong Reservoir and the control. Interestingly, there were also significant differences in circulating exosome levels of fish samples between them. Our data suggested that circulating exosome level of indigenous fish may be a novel biomarker for the ecotoxicity effects of water environment.
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Cíclidos , Exosomas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cíclidos/metabolismo , Carpa Dorada/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fine particle pollution, specifically pollution by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), remains a significant concern in developing countries and plays an important role in the development and progression of respiratory diseases. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may act as vital molecules by binding to specific RNA-binding protein (RBP); however, their relationship with PM2.5 pollution is largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between lncRNA and respiratory system inflammation caused by PM2.5. METHODS: PM2.5 components were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and ionic chromatography. We established an inflammation model of PM2.5-induced toxicity in vivo (male and female SD rats, 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/k PM2.5, 1, 7 and 14 days, single non-invasive tracheal instillation) and in vitro (rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383), 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 µM PM2.5 for 24, 48, and 72 h). lncRNA high-throughput sequencing (lncRNA-seq) was used to investigate lncRNA profiles in PM2.5-treated NR8383 cells, and RNA interference (RNAi) was applied to explore the function of the target lncRNA. The mechanisms associated with specific lncRNAs were explored using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) and western blot. RESULTS: PM2.5-treated NR8383 cells and SD rats exhibited respiratory inflammation. lncRNA AABR07005593.1 was a pro-inflammatory factor that regulated IL-6 levels. Mechanistically, ChIRP-MS and western blot analyses revealed that highly expressed lncRNA AABR07005593.1 interacted with MCCC1 to involve in the activation of NF-κB pathway, and ultimately promoted the expression of IL-6. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that PM2.5 induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, lncRNA AABR07005593.1 bound to MCCC1 to potentiated IL-6 expression. Therefore, lncRNA AABR07005593.1 may act as a potential biomarker for PM2.5 inflammation.
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ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , Femenino , Interleucina-6/genética , Masculino , FN-kappa B/genética , Material Particulado/toxicidad , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Several studies have demonstrated that PM2.5 inhalation is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), in which inflammation plays an important role. The mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood to date. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many pathophysiological processes, such as immune responses; however, their functions associated with inflammation are largely unexplored. High-throughput sequencing assay and obtained numerous lncRNAs that altered the expression in response to PM2.5 treatment in HUVECs. NONHSAT247851.1 was also identified, which was significantly up-regulated to control the expression of immune response genes. Mechanistically, the results indicated that NONHSAT247851.1 knockdown reduced the expression of IL1ß. In study, we investigated NONHSAT247851.1 as a promoter in regulating immune response genes via binding with raf-1 to regulate the phosphorylation level of p65 protein in HUVECs. The data collected suggests that NONHSAT247851.1 regulates inflammation via interaction with raf-1 to control the inflammatory expression in PM2.5 exposure.
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Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-raf/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Inflamación/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-raf/metabolismoRESUMEN
Conventional storage conditions of erythrocytes cause storage lesions. We propose that hypoxic storage conditions, involving removal of oxygen and replacement with helium, the changes in stored erythrocytes under hypoxic condition were observed and assessed. Erythrocytes were divided into two equal parts, then stored in conventional and hypoxic conditions, separately. Blood gas analysis, hemorheology, and hemolysis were performed once a week. Energy metabolism and membrane damage were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphatidylserine exposure was measured by flow cytometry. P50 was measured and the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) plotted accordingly. Erythrocyte morphology was observed microscopically. In the 9th week of storage, the hemolysis of the hypoxia group was 0.7%; lower (p < .05) than that of the control group and still below the threshold of quality requirements. The dissolved oxygen and pO2 were only 1/4 of that in the control group (p < .01); the adenosine triphosphate, glucose, and lactic acid levels were decreased (p < .05), while the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels were increased relative to that in the control group (p < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in membrane damage, deformability, and aggregation between the two groups. In addition, the ODC of the two groups was shifted to the left but this difference was not statistically different. Basically similar to the effect of completely anaerobic conditions. Erythrocytes stored under hypoxic conditions could maintain a relatively stable state with a significant decrease in hemolysis, reduction of storage lesions, and an increase in shelf-life.
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Conservación de la Sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Helio/sangre , Oxígeno/sangre , Adulto , Hipoxia de la Célula , Supervivencia Celular , Metabolismo Energético , Deformación Eritrocítica , Eritrocitos/patología , Femenino , Hemólisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Airborne particular matter (PM2.5) contains complex mixtures of pollutants, and their compositions also vary with time and location. Inhalation of PM2.5 may cause a number of diseases, such as bronchial and lung inflammation and lung cancer. So far, how different components of PM2.5 contribute to inflammation and toxicity is still not known. To identify key PM2.5 components that are responsible for inflammation, here we took a reductionism approach and synthesized a model PM2.5 library containing 20 carbon nanoparticle based members with loadings of As(III), Pb2+, Cr(VI), and BaP individually or in combination at environment relevant concentrations. We discovered that only carbon nanoparticle-Pb2+ adducts, not other pollutants or adducts, induced inflammation in human bronchial cells by suppressing the expression of a novel long noncoding RNA lnc-PCK1-2:1, while lnc-PCK1-2:1 routinely plays a regulatory role in inhibiting inflammation. This finding was further substantiated by varying Pb2+ loadings on carbon nanoparticles and overexpressing lnc-PCK1-2:1. The success of this approach opens an avenue for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced inflammation and toxicity.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , ARN Largo no Codificante , Regulación hacia Abajo , Células Epiteliales , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Plomo , Material Particulado , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxiquinasa (GTP)RESUMEN
The composition of PM2.5 is extremely complicated, making the causes of PM2.5-induced toxicity hard to understand. To identify the major toxic components of PM2.5 particles, we used reductionism approach, synthesized and investigated a model PM2.5 library containing 24 carbon nanoparticles with adsorbed pollutants including Cr(VI), Pb2+, As(III) and BaP either individually or in combinations. Our data showed that major physicochemical characteristics of model PM2.5 library members were similar to PM2.5 particles from Guangzhou city (PM2.5-GZ). Cytotoxicity of lung cells (A549) was increasing as the member of adsorbed pollutants at environment relevant concentrations. Using these model particles, we identified that co-existence of Cr(VI) and Pb2+ components contributed to the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Besides, pulmonary surfactant reduced the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells probably via enhancing cell autophagy. The findings from this study suggest that systematic investigation using model PM2.5 particle library helps identify key toxic pollutants in otherwise very complex PM2.5 particles and facilitate our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Cromo/toxicidad , Plomo/toxicidad , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Surfactantes Pulmonares/farmacología , Células A549 , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Autofagia , Cromo/química , Ciudades , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Humanos , Plomo/química , Pulmón/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Material Particulado/química , Pruebas de Toxicidad/métodosRESUMEN
Air pollution worldwide, especially in China and India, has caused serious health issues. Because PM2.5 particles consist of solid particles of diverse properties with payloads of inorganic, organic and biological pollutants, it is still not known what the major toxic components are and how these components induce toxicities. To explore this complex issue, we apply reductionism principle and an ultrafine particle library approach in this work. From investigation of 63 diversely functionalized ultrafine particles (FUPs) with adsorbed key pollutants, our findings indicate that 1) only certain pollutants in the payloads of PM2.5 are responsible for causing cellular oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and cytotoxicity while the particle carriers are much less toxic; 2) pollutant-induced cellular oxidative stress and oxidative stress-triggered apoptosis are identified as one of the dominant mechanisms for PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity; 3) each specific toxic component on PM2.5 (such as As, Pb, Cr or BaP) mainly affects its specific target organ(s) and, adding together, these pollutants may cause synergistic or just additive effects. Our findings demonstrate that reductionism concept and model PM2.5 particle library approach are very effective in our endeavor to search for a better understanding of PM2.5-induced health effects.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Apoptosis , Estrés Oxidativo , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Bronquios/citología , Células Cultivadas , China , Células Epiteliales/citología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , India , Tamaño de la Partícula , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objective To observe the effect of Qingluo Tongbi Compound (QTC) on osteoclast dif- ferentiation-related miRNA expressions in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) rats, and to study its mecha- nism for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The synovial fibroblasts and monocytes of peripher- al blood from AIA rats were co-cultured to induce osteoclast-like cells. Differently expressed miRNAs in the late stage osteoclasts differentiation were detected by miRCURY™ Array. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT- PCR) was applied to verify the reliability of miRNA array. QTC drug-containing sera and blank sera were prepared and added to the co-cultured system. The osteoclasts were randomly divided into three groups, the blank group, the blank serum group, and the QTC group. RT-PCR was applied to detect the effect of QTC on related differentially expressed miRNAs. Bioinformatics software was applied to analyze related differentially expressed miRNAs. Results miRNA array results showed that as compared with the monocytes group, there were 211 miRNAs differentially expressed in osteoclast-like cell differentiation, including 88 up-regulated miRNAs and 123 down-regulated miRNAs. Results of RT-PCR were consistent with results of the array. RT-PCR showed that the expression level of miR-140-5p was obviously up-regulated after the intervention of QTC. Results of bioinformatics analyses showed that the target gene of miR-140-5p was sig- nificantly enriched in signaling pathways such as the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Ras signaling path- ways, cAMP signaling pathways, and Rap1 signaling pathways. Conclusions There were various dysregulated expressions of miRNAs in the anaphase of osteoclast-like cells differentiation. QTC participated the regulation of osteoclast differentiation by effecting the expression of miR-140-5p.
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Artritis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , MicroARNs , Osteoclastos , Animales , Artritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Ratas , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
The abundant production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and its widespread use have led to an increase in the potential for human exposure. This work described a simple, fast, sensitive, reliable and low-cost method for the simultaneous measurement of MTBE and its metabolite, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in human serum by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Extraction conditions were optimized and 40 °C, 10 min, 250 rpm and 0.3 g NaCl for a 1 mL sample were the optimal conditions. This method showed good analytical performance in terms of sensitivity with limits of detection in serum (1 mL) of 0.03 µg/L for MTBE and 0.05 µg/L for TBA, accuracy (mean recovery values) from 75.8% to 85.8%, precision (relative standard deviations) <10% and sample stability (biodegradation) <10% after 28 days. A verification experiment proved the reproducibility and stability of this method as well. Finally the method was used to detect 212 specimens, and the internal dose levels for MTBE in human serum were presented in China.
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Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Éteres Metílicos/sangre , Microextracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Alcohol terc-Butílico/sangre , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre , China , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Temperatura , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Human hair has been widely used as a bioindicator for human persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exposure, but studies on the sources of hair POPs and the relationship between hair and body burden are limited. This study analyzed the possible source apportionment of hair PBDEs and examined the relationship between PBDE concentrations in paired hair and serum from e-waste recycling workers. Using the ratio of BDE 99/47 and BDE 209/207 as indices, we calculated that only 15% of the highly brominated congeners (nona- and deca-BDE congeners) comes from exogenous (external) exposure for both female and male hair, but an average of 64% and 55% of the lower-brominated congeners (tetra- to penta-BDE congeners) come from exogenous exposure for female and male hair, respectively. The higher contribution of exogenous exposure for less-brominated congeners could be related to their relatively lower log KOW and higher volatility than higher-brominated congeners, which make them more readily to evaporate from dust and then to be adsorbed on hair. Higher hair PBDE levels and higher exogenous exposure of less-brominated congeners in females than in males can be attributed to a longer exogenous exposure time for females than males. Significant positive relationships were found in tri- to hepta-BDE congeners (BDE 28, 47, 66, 85, 100, 153, 154, and 183) (R = 0.36-0.55, p < 0.05) between hair and serum, but this relationship was not found for octa- to deca-BDE. Difference in the half-lives between highly brominated congeners and less-brominated congeners could be a reason. This result also implied that we should treat the results of correlation analyses between hair and other organs cautiously.
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Residuos Electrónicos/efectos adversos , Cabello/química , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/análisis , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , China , Polvo/análisis , Residuos Electrónicos/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Femenino , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Bifenilos Polibrominados/análisis , Bifenilos Polibrominados/sangre , ReciclajeRESUMEN
Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence of respiratory diseases. In this study, human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells were exposed to different concentrations (16-128 µg/ml) of PM(2.5) for 24 h to investigate the apoptosis induced by PM(2.5). The results showed that PM(2.5) exposure significantly induced apoptosis, DNA strand breaks, and oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner in 16-HBE cells. The expression of p53 and p73 increased significantly along with the dose of PM(2.5) in 16-HBE cells, whereas the expression of p21(Cip1/WAF1) decreased; the expression of mdm2 increased and then decreased, but not significantly. Taken together, these observations indicate that PM(2.5) may lead to oxidative damage and induce apoptosis through the p53-dependent pathway in 16-HBE cells. p53-Dependent apoptosis mediated by DNA strand breaks may be an important mechanism of PM(2.5)-induced apoptosis in 16-HBE cells.
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Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Mucosa Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/agonistas , Salud Urbana , Bronquios/metabolismo , Línea Celular , China , Inhibidor p21 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidor p21 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/genética , Inhibidor p21 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Roturas del ADN , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/agonistas , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Cinética , Proteínas Nucleares/agonistas , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Concentración Osmolar , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Características de la Residencia , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Proteína Tumoral p73 , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/agonistas , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
Improved vaccination requires better delivery of antigens and activation of the natural immune response. Here we report a lipid nanoparticle system with the capacity to carry antigens, including mRNA and proteins, which is formed into a virus-like structure by surface decoration with spike proteins, demonstrating application against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The strategy uses S1 protein from Omicron BA.1 on the surface to deliver mRNA of S1 protein from XBB.1. The virus-like particle enables specific augmentation of mRNAs expressed in human respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages via the interaction the surface S1 protein with ACE2 or DC-SIGN receptors. Activation of macrophages and dendritic cells is demonstrated by the same receptor binding. The combination of protein and mRNA increases the antibody response in BALB/c mice compared with mRNA and protein vaccines alone. Our exploration of the mechanism of this robust immunity suggests it might involve cross-presentation to diverse subsets of dendritic cells ranging from activated innate immune signals to adaptive immune signals.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Células Dendríticas , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus , Animales , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/inmunología , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/genética , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/química , Humanos , Ratones , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/inmunología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/inmunología , Vacunación/métodos , Vacunas de ARNm/administración & dosificación , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C/inmunología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/inmunología , Femenino , Vacunas de Partículas Similares a Virus/inmunología , Vacunas de Partículas Similares a Virus/administración & dosificación , LiposomasRESUMEN
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni) were measured in the foodstuffs, house dust, underground/drinking water, and soil from an electronic waste (e-waste) area in South China. Elevated concentrations of these potentially toxic metals were observed in the samples but not in drinking water. The health risks for metal exposure via food consumption, dust ingestion, and drinking water were evaluated for local residents. For the average residents in the e-waste area, the non-carcinogenic risks arise predominantly from rice (hazard index=3.3), vegetables (2.2), and house dust (1.9) for adults, while the risks for young children are dominated by house dust (15). Drinking water may provide a negligible contribution to risk. However, local residents who use groundwater as a water supply source are at high non-carcinogenic risk. The potential cancer risks from oral intake of Pb are 8×10(-5) and 3×10(-4) for average adults and children, and thus groundwater would have a great potential to induce cancer (5×10(-4) and 1×10(-3)) in a highly exposed population. The results also reveal that the risk from oral exposure is much higher than the risk from inhalation and dermal contact with house dust.
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Polvo/análisis , Residuos Electrónicos/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Agua/química , Adulto , Niño , China , Humanos , Oryza/química , Reciclaje/normas , Medición de Riesgo , Suelo/química , Verduras/química , Abastecimiento de Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution increases the risk of respiratory diseases and death, and apoptosis is an important factor in the occurrence of respiratory diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure. In addition, circular RNAs (circRNAs) can interact with proteins and widely participate in physiological and pathological processes in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of circRNA and protein interaction on PM2.5-induced apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) in vitro. In this study, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to a PM2.5 suspension with different concentration gradients for 24 h. The results showed that apoptosis of 16HBE cells after PM2.5 treatment was accompanied by cell proliferation. After exposure of PM2.5 to 16HBE cells, circRNAs related to apoptosis were abnormally expressed. We further found that the expression of hsa_circ_0002854 increased with the increase in exposure concentration. Functional analysis showed that knocking down the expression of hsa_circ_0002854 could inhibit apoptosis induced by PM2.5 exposure. We then found that hsa_circ_0002854 could interact with MAPK1 protein and inhibit MAPK1 phosphorylation, thus promoting apoptosis. Our results suggest that hsa_circ_0002854 can promote 16HBE apoptosis due to PM2.5 exposure, which may provide a gene therapy target and scientific basis for PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases.
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OBJECTIVES: Few studies in China investigate health impact of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) due to lack of monitoring data and the findings are controversial. The aim of this study is to examine the short-association between PM(2.5) and daily mortality in Guangzhou, the economic center of south China. METHODS: In Guangzhou, we measured daily PM(2.5) concentrations between 2007 and 2008 and conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis to explore the association between PM(2.5) and daily mortality, and examine potential effect modifiers including age, sex, and education. RESULTS: The averaged PM(2.5) concentration in 2007-2008 was 70.1 µg/m(3) in Guangzhou, which was approximately seven times higher than the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for PM(2.5) (annual average: 10 µg/m(3)). Regression analysis showed that ambient PM(2.5) was associated with mortality from all causes and cardiorespiratory diseases. An increase of 10 µg/m(3) in 2-day moving average (lag01) concentration of PM(2.5) corresponds to 0.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 1.26%] increase of total mortality, 1.22% (95% CI: 0.63, 1.68%) increase of cardiovascular mortality, and 0.97% (95% CI: 0.16, 1.79%) increase of respiratory mortality. The associations were stronger in the elderly (aged 65 years or more), in females, and in those with low education level, but the differences were statistically insignificant. After adjustment for nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), however, the effects of PM(2.5) decreased and became statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provided new information for the adverse health effects of PM(2.5) in China, and may have some implications for environmental policy making and standard setting in Guangzhou.
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Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Mortalidad , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Contaminación del Aire/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , China/epidemiología , Estudios Cruzados , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Material Particulado/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects on nervous system and health condition under the exposure to electromagnetic field. METHODS: Take the resident around the power transmission line as the objects and were divided into 3 groups by the distance from the power transmission line 20 m, 100 m and 500 m, respectively. Some living conditions and health conditions were recorded by face-to-face the questionnaire survey, and Hematological indices of each groups were examined including IgG, IgM, leukocyte formulae, erythrocyte, hemoglobin and platelet. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in each group, according exposure of daily life, such as drinking and smoking (P > 0.05). Compared with the each distance groups, it was presented significant difference between the distance from the power transmission line and the incidence of headache or dizziness, insomnia and easy weary and so on (P < 0.05). In hematology aspect, with the horizontal distance from the power transmission line decreasing, PLT level of residents was reductive and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001), whereas leukocyte formulae, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, IgG and IgM had no significant difference among each group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Closely exposure to electromagnetic field may induce headache and so on and decrease the level of PLT.
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Campos Electromagnéticos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Vivienda , Sistema Nervioso/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Pruebas Hematológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Poder Psicológico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The present study was conducted to assess the genotoxic potential of water from the Helong Reservoir, which was designated as a strategic drinking water source by the Guangdong Provincial Government of China in October 2016. Four kinds of common indigenous fish samples (Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus molitorella, red tilapia, and Oreochromis niloticus) were collected at 6 sampling sites during the period from July to November 2020. Fish from the clean drinking water source of the upper reaches of the Liuxihe Reservoir in Guangzhou were collected as the control. Both the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay and the micronucleus test were used to detect DNA damage and the micronucleus rate in erythrocytes of fish samples, respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in comet tail length, Olive tail moment, and micronucleus rates of all fish samples compared with those of the control (p < 0.05). The order of sensitivity to DNA damage and micronucleus formation was Labeo rohita > Cirrhinus molitorella > red tilapia > Oreochromis niloticus. The results of the 2 kinds of experiments were in perfect agreement with each other. We conclude that there are obvious genotoxic effects from the water in the Helong Reservoir. As a strategic drinking water source, the safety of the Reservoir water quality should be considered. The local government should put the restoration of the Helong Reservoir water quality on the agenda as soon as possible. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1919-1927. © 2021 SETAC.
Asunto(s)
Cyprinidae , Tilapia , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN , Eritrocitos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
A novel process of lithium recovery from effluent of spent lithium batteries recycling by solvent extraction was proposed. The ß-diketone extraction system used in the experiment was composed of benzoyltrifluoroacetone (HBTA), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and kerosene. The effective parameters such as solution pH value, saponification degree, initial lithium concentration and phase ratio were evaluated by experiments. More than 90% of lithium could be extracted by saponified organic phase through three-stage countercurrent extraction. The loaded organic phase was first eluted by dilute HCl solution to remove nontarget sodium, and then stripped by 6 mol/L HCl at a large phase ratio to obtain lithium-rich solution with 4.322 mol/L lithium. The lithium-rich solution from the process could be used to prepare lithium carbonate or lithium chloride. The stripped organic phase can be recycled and no crud or emulsification was observed during the process. The extraction mechanism of HBTA-TOPO was investigated via FT-IR spectroscopy, and the results indicated the two extractants showed strong synergistic effect. The thermodynamic study revealed lithium extraction is an exothermic process, which meant lower temperature promotes extraction of lithium. This work provided a novel approach to recover lithium from effluent of spent lithium battery recycling.
RESUMEN
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may cause or exacerbate many diseases, including respiratory inflammation. However, the full mechanism is not yet fully understood. The newly discovered long chain non-coding RNA, though unable to encode proteins, regulates multiple life activities and participates in the development of inflammation. In this study, we set up a cell inflammation model by using normal bronchial 16HBE cells exposed to PM2.5. High-throughput sequencing, as well as real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection and validation, was performed on the inflamed cells to evaluate the expression level of long chain noncoding RNA that helped us to identify the LncRNA LOC101927514. Inhibiting LncRNA LOC101927514 expression by RNAi, reflected in a reduction in inflammation, is driven by PM2.5. In addition, we identify LncRNA LOC101927514 to be located within the nucleus and binds to STAT3, altering the inflammatory state of the cells and IL6 and IL8 release. This study identifies that LncRNA LOC101927514 is a new potential target for future treatment of the inflammatory response activated by PM2.5 in the respiratory system.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/genética , Material Particulado/toxicidad , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Recuento de Células , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-8/biosíntesis , Interleucina-8/genética , Fosforilación , Unión Proteica , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismoRESUMEN
A creative combination of chitosan with polyacrylic acid (PAA) improves the acidity resistance of chitosan and increases its potential in the field of adsorption. In order to facilitate recovery, magnetic nanoparticles were incorporated in CS-PAA to obtain a magnetic-CS-PAA (MCS-PAA) nanocomposite. The physical and chemical characteristics of the composite adsorbent MCS-PAA were determined by SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, and XPS. This environmental-friendly, magnetic, composite adsorbent showed significantly better adsorption performance than those of the individual adsorbents alone. The maximal adsorption capacity was 204.89 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model, when the concentration of Pb(II) was 100 mg/L at the equilibrium time of 70 min. The main adsorption mechanism was the complexation between the carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl groups in MCS-PAA and Pb(II). Further, introduction of PAA also improved the acid resistance of CS. The new adsorbent MCS-PAA is thus expected to facilitate a wider range of applications for chitosan in the adsorption of Pb(II).