RESUMEN
Mitochondrial dysfunction can increase oxidative stress and extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Homeostatic mechanisms exist to cope with disruptions to mitochondrial function that promote cellular health and organismal longevity. Previously, we determined that decreased expression of the cytosolic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme transaldolase activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and extends lifespan. Here we report that transaldolase (tald-1) deficiency impairs mitochondrial function in vivo, as evidenced by altered mitochondrial morphology, decreased respiration, and increased cellular H2O2 levels. Lifespan extension from knockdown of tald-1 is associated with an oxidative stress response involving p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs and a starvation-like response regulated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB) homolog HLH-30. The latter response promotes autophagy and increases expression of the flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (fmo-2). We conclude that cytosolic redox established through the PPP is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and defines a new mechanism for mitochondrial regulation of longevity.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Longevidad/genética , Oxigenasas/genética , Transaldolasa/genética , Envejecimiento/genética , Envejecimiento/patología , Animales , Autofagia/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/biosíntesis , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Mitocondrias/genética , Mitocondrias/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Oxigenasas/biosíntesis , Inanición , Transaldolasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Respuesta de Proteína Desplegada/genética , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/biosíntesis , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/genéticaRESUMEN
Cell reprogramming from a quiescent to proliferative state requires coordinate activation of multiple -omic networks. These networks activate histones, increase cellular bioenergetics and the synthesis of macromolecules required for cell proliferation. However, mechanisms that coordinate the regulation of these interconnected networks are not fully understood. The oncogene c-Myc (Myc) activates cellular metabolism and global chromatin remodeling. Here we tested for an interconnection between Myc regulation of metabolism and acetylation of histones. Using [(13)C(6)]glucose and a combination of GC/MS and LC/ESI tandem mass spectrometry, we determined the fractional incorporation of (13)C-labeled 2-carbon fragments into the fatty acid palmitate, and acetyl-lysines at the N-terminal tail of histone H4 in myc(-/-) and myc(+/+) Rat1A fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate that Myc increases mitochondrial synthesis of acetyl-CoA, as the de novo synthesis of (13)C-labeled palmitate was increased 2-fold in Myc-expressing cells. Additionally, Myc induced a forty percent increase in (13)C-labeled acetyl-CoA on H4-K16. This is linked to the capacity of Myc to increase mitochondrial production of acetyl-CoA, as we show that mitochondria provide 50% of the acetyl groups on H4-K16. These data point to a key role for Myc in directing the interconnection of -omic networks, and in particular, epigenetic modification of proteins in response to proliferative signals.