Risk factors for decreased total body and regional bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Hyperparathyroidism contributes significantly to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in end-stage renal disease patients, but this negative influence is not homogeneous throughout the skeleton. We studied the BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on total body and on different regions of the skeleton in 42 patients with severe hyperparathyroidism on hemodialysis. We also evaluated the relationship between different risk factors and BMD found on the regions examined in these patients. The legs and other sites where cortical bone predominate were mostly affected, whereas trabecular bone was relatively preserved. This is probably the result of the different effects of hyperparathyroidism on cortical and trabecular bone, but we cannot rule out the interference of ectopic calcifications and sclerotic lesions of vertebral end-plates falsely increasing lumbar spine BMD. The main determinants of low total-body BMD were, in order of importance, immobility, high intact parathyroid hormone levels, low body mass index, and low albumin. Eleven patients presented with pathologic fractures, mainly in the legs, and BMD was lower in this group than in patients without fractures. In conclusion, our study makes clear that hyperparathyroidism is a great threat to bone density in hemodialysis patients, mainly in the legs, the site mostly affected by fragility fractures in our patients. Physicians must worry not only with high parathyroid hormone levels, but also with the nutritional state of these patients.

Prevalence of radiological findings among cases of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2) are prone to develop heterotopic calcifications and severe bone disease. Determination of the sites most commonly affected would decrease costs and patients' exposure to X-ray radiation. The aim here was to determine which skeletal sites produce most radiographic findings, in order to evaluate hemodialysis patients with HPT2, and to describe the most prevalent radiographic findings. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was cross-sectional, conducted in one center, the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Whole-body radiographs were obtained from 73 chronic hemodialysis patients with indications for parathyroidectomy due to severe HPT2. The regions studied were the skull, hands, wrists, clavicles, thoracic and lumbar column, long bones and pelvis. All the radiographs were analyzed by the same two radiologists, with great experience in bone disease interpretation. RESULTS: The most common abnormality was subperiosteal bone resorption, mostly at the phalanges and distal clavicles (94% of patients, each). 'Rugger jersey spine' sign was found in 27%. Pathological fractures and deformities were seen in 27% and 33%, respectively. Calcifications were presented in 80%, mostly at the forearm fistula (42%), abdominal aorta and lower limb arteries (35% each). Brown tumors were present in 37% of the patients, mostly on the face and lower limbs (9% each). CONCLUSION: The greatest prevalence of bone findings were found on radiographs of the hands, wrists, lateral view of the thoracic and lumbar columns and femurs. The most prevalent findings were bone resorption and ectopic calcifications.

Metastatic skeletal leiomyomatosis (leiomyomatosis ossea).

We present a unique case of metastatic leiomyomatosis to the skeleton. The very extensive involvement of the axial and peripheral skeleton with "ring" lesions and associated cyclical premenstrual pain eventually led to the correct diagnosis and total relief with hormonal therapy.

Prevalence of radiological findings among cases of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism / Prevalência de achados radiológicos em pacientes com grave hiperparatireoidismo secundário

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2) are prone to develop heterotopic calcifications and severe bone disease. Determination of the sites most commonly affected would decrease costs and patients' exposure to X-ray radiation. The aim here was to determine which skeletal sites produce most radiographic findings, in order to evaluate hemodialysis patients with HPT2, and to describe the most prevalent radiographic findings. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was cross-sectional, conducted in one center, the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Whole-body radiographs were obtained from 73 chronic hemodialysis patients with indications for parathyroidectomy due to severe HPT2. The regions studied were the skull, hands, wrists, clavicles, thoracic and lumbar column, long bones and pelvis. All the radiographs were analyzed by the same two radiologists, with great experience in bone disease interpretation. RESULTS: The most common abnormality was subperiosteal bone resorption, mostly at the phalanges and distal clavicles (94 percent of patients, each). "Rugger jersey spine" sign was found in 27 percent. Pathological fractures and deformities were seen in 27 percent and 33 percent, respectively. Calcifications were presented in 80 percent, mostly at the forearm fistula (42 percent), abdominal aorta and lower limb arteries (35 percent each). Brown tumors were present in 37 percent of the patients, mostly on the face and lower limbs (9 percent each). CONCLUSION: The greatest prevalence of bone findings were found on radiographs of the hands, wrists, lateral view of the thoracic and lumbar columns and femurs. The most prevalent findings were bone resorption and ectopic calcifications.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPT2) à insuficiência renal crônica são propensos a desenvolver calcificações ectópicas e grave doença óssea. A determinação dos sítios mais revelantes pode diminuir o custo e a exposição do paciente a radiação desnecessária. O objetivo foi determinar quais locais radiológicos apresentam mais achados radiográficos para avaliar o HPT2 em pacientes em hemodiálise, assim como os achados mais prevalentes. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, realizado no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Radiografias de corpo inteiro foram obtidas de 73 pacientes em hemodiálise crônica que tiveram indicação de paratireoidectomia devido a HPT2 grave. As regiões estudadas foram crânio, mãos e punhos, clavículas, coluna torácica e lombar, ossos longos e pélvis. Todas as imagens foram analisadas pelos mesmos dois radiologistas, com grande experiência na interpretação de doenças do osso. RESULTADOS: A alteração mais comum foi reabsorção óssea subperiosteal, principalmente nas falanges distais e clavículas (ambos em 94 por cento de pacientes). Sinal de "rugger jersey" foi descoberto em 27 por cento. Fratura patológica e deformidades foram visualizadas em 27 por cento e 33 por cento, respectivamente. As calcificações foram encontradas em 80 por cento dos pacientes, principalmente na fístula de antebraço (42 por cento), aorta abdominal e artérias dos membros inferiores (ambos 35 por cento). Tumores marrons estavam presentes em 37 por cento dos pacientes, principalmente na face e nos membros inferiores (ambos 9 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: As radiografias com achados mais prevalentes foram mãos e punhos, radiografia lateral da coluna torácica e lombar e fêmur. Os achados mais prevalentes foram reabsorção óssea e calcificação ectópica.

Ascaridíase maciça hepatobiliar em criança / Massive ascaridiasis in the bile duct in children

Os autores apresentam um caso de infestaçäo maciça das vias biliares Ascaris Lumbricóides em criança, no qual foi encontrado vinte e dois espécimes vivos. Tecem consideraçöes sobre o achado correlacionado com a literatura

Alteraçöes radiológicas da síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA) no tórax: revisäo de 47 casos

Durante o período de janeiro de 85 a junho de 87, foram estudados no HUCFF 67 pacientes com diagnóstico de SIDA (de acordo com os critérios do Centers for Disease Control - EUA). Destes, 95 por cento eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etária variou de 15 a 61 anos e o grupo de risco predominante foi a dos homossexuais (58 por cento). Infecçäo foi a causa mais frequente do comprometimento pulmonar, especialmente por Pneumocystis carinii (49 por cento)e Mycobacterium sp. (30 por cento). Causas näo infecciosas foram bem menos comuns. Os quadros radiológicos se apresentaram de uma maneira bastante variada, sendo o infiltrado pulmonar difuso o padräo mais frequente.