RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 serologic response in patients with cancer may be lower than in the general population and may be influenced by the type of tumor or anticancer treatment. This study aims to analyze serological response prior and after vaccination of COVID-19 within the oncological population in Andorra. We set out to identify risk factors for a higher or lower serological response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational, unicentric, prospective cohort study of oncologic patients in Andorra. We calculated the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (May 2020-June 2021) and analyzed the main demographic, oncologic features and factors associated with being seropositive. RESULTS: A total of 373 patients were analyzed, mainly with solid tumours (n = 334, 89.5%). At baseline, seroprevalence was 13%, increasing during follow-up to 19%; lower seroprevalence was observed in patients with hematologic malignancies (2.6% vs 14.2%; p = 0.041) and patients receiving biological therapies (0% vs 15%, p = 0.005). In the overall seroprevalence analysis, women (23% vs 11.9%; p = 0.006) and tumour-free patients (p = 0.034) showed higher seroprevalence. The multivariable analysis showed that odds of being seropositive were higher among women (OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64), and patients who underwent surgery (OR: 3.35, 95% CI 1.10-10.20). About 80% of the cohort received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination, showing a higher seroprevalence of patients who received ChAdOx1-S than those who received BNT162b2 (24.4% vs 6.4%: p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-COV-2 in oncologic patients in Andorra was higher among females and patients who received hormonal therapy and surgery while patients with hematologic malignancies and biologic therapies showed lower seropositivity without finding differences in the type of tumour or anticancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Femenino , Andorra , Vacuna BNT162 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/terapia , Anticuerpos , Anticuerpos Antivirales , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasms and a leading cause of death related to cancer worldwide. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the most frequent autosomal dominant predisposition to the development of CRC, accounting for approximately 2.5% of the total CRC burden in Spain. Genomic rearrangements in the MSH2 and MLH1 genes have been reported to account for an important proportion of the mutation spectrum in HNPCC, and DNA dosage techniques have been developed facilitating molecular screening of such deletions/duplications. We screened for MSH2 and MLH1 genomic rearrangements by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in 142 Spanish patients at risk for HNPCC prior to the exon-by-exon mutation scanning and found a deletion encompassing exons 9-16 of MSH2 and a duplication encompassing exons 11-16 of MSH2, both only in one case. These results showed that MSH2/MLH1 rearrangements in Spanish patients at risk for HNPCC seem to be a less frequent mutational event than in other populations.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/genética , Reordenamiento Génico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Disparidad de Par Base , Proteínas Portadoras , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Reparación del ADN , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Humanos , Homólogo 1 de la Proteína MutL , Proteína 2 Homóloga a MutS , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , EspañaAsunto(s)
Algoritmos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/etiología , Adenocarcinoma/prevención & control , Antiácidos/uso terapéutico , Esófago de Barrett/etiología , Esófago de Barrett/prevención & control , Terapia Combinada , Comorbilidad , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/prevención & control , Esofagoscopía , Femenino , Fundoplicación , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/clasificación , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/complicaciones , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/tratamiento farmacológico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/epidemiología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/cirugía , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Preliminary studies suggested that octreotide may be therapeutic in bleeding angiodysplasia. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of long-term octreotide therapy in the prevention of rebleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. METHODS: A cohort of 32 patients diagnosed with bleeding from angiodysplasia was treated with octreotide 50 mu 12 h subcutaneously for a 1-2 yr period. This cohort was compared with an external control group (38 patients who had received placebo [1 tablet/day] in a concurrent randomized clinical trial for the same period. RESULTS: Two patients of the octreotide group were lost to follow-up. Treatment failure occurred in seven of 30 (23%) patients in the octreotide group and in 17 of 35 (48%) in the placebo group (three dropouts before first visit) (P= 0.043). The actuarial probability of remaining free of rebleeding at 1 and 2 yr of follow-up was 77% and 68%, respectively, for the octreotide group and 55% and 36%, respectively, for the placebo group (log rank P= 0.030). Multivariate proportional hazards-regression analysis showed that octreotide therapy and previous bleeding episodes were positive and negative predictors of efficacy, respectively. No significant differences between the groups were observed according to number of bleeding episodes (0.4 +/- 0.7 vs 0.9 +/- 1.5, P= 0.070) and transfusion requirements (1.1 +/- 2.6 vs 0.7 +/- 1.5 units); however, iron requirements were lower in the octreotide than in the placebo group (22 +/- 62 vs 166 +/- 267 units; P < 0.001). Likewise, major adverse events (1 vs 1) and mortality (0 vs 1) were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that octreotide treatment may be beneficial in preventing rebleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia.
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Angiodisplasia/complicaciones , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/prevención & control , Enfermedades Intestinales/complicaciones , Octreótido/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Angiodisplasia/diagnóstico , Angiodisplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Humanos , Enfermedades Intestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Intestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Prevención Secundaria , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Lactobacillus casei has been shown to attenuate the severity of experimental colitis. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the effects of L. casei on colitis are related to modulation of leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed intestine. Rats with a colonic segment excluded from fecal transit were surgically prepared. The segment was decontaminated with antibiotics and recolonized with normal flora isolated from the inflamed rat colon, associated or not to L. casei. Control and colitic [2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced] animals were studied. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were characterized in the colonic microcirculation by intravital microscopy, and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was measured by the radiolabeled antibody technique. Compared with the noninflamed colonic segment, induction of colitis by TNBS provoked a marked increase in the number of leukocytes firmly adherent to the venular wall (0.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.6 leukocytes/100 mum, P < 0.01). Colonization with L. casei significantly reduced the number of adherent leukocytes (1.3 +/- 0.4 leukocytes/100 mum; P < 0.05) but did not affect the increased rolling interactions associated with the induction of colitis. Compared with the noncolitic group, induction of colitis was associated with a marked increase in ICAM-1 expression (117 +/- 4 vs. 180 +/- 3 ng antibody/g tissue) that was abrogated when the colitic segment was colonized by L. casei (117 +/- 3 ng antibody/g tissue, P < 0.05). However, L. casei administration did not modify VCAM-1 upregulation in colitic animals. L. casei attenuates leukocyte recruitment observed in experimental colitis induced by TNBS. This effect is possibly related to abrogation of ICAM-1 upregulation.
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Colitis/inmunología , Colitis/microbiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/inmunología , Lacticaseibacillus casei/inmunología , Leucocitos/inmunología , Leucocitos/microbiología , Animales , Masculino , Probióticos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Regulación hacia ArribaAsunto(s)
Tumor Carcinoide/complicaciones , Endoscopios Gastrointestinales , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Neoplasias del Íleon/complicaciones , Miniaturización , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Tumor Carcinoide/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias del Íleon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Íleon/patología , Íleon/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Úlcera/complicaciones , Úlcera/diagnóstico , Úlcera/patologíaRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Ajuste de Riesgo/métodos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/terapia , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Obesidad/complicaciones , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicacionesRESUMEN
No disponible