RESUMEN
Most of the literature about the sural flap deals with soft tissue defects at the lower leg and foot based on the classical description of Masquelet et al. Nevertheless, some authors have shown that the lesser saphenous vein and its accompanying artery play an important role in the vascularization of the posterior skin of the leg. This finding allowed a more proximal design of the flap, increasing its arc of rotation. Thirteen cases of distally based sural flaps were performed and divided in two groups according to the level where the flaps were harvested. In group A, the entire flap was outlined distal to the midpoint of the leg, and in group B, the flap was outlined proximal to the midpoint of the leg. In group A, all the soft tissue defects were located at the lower leg and the foot, and in group B, they involved the anterior the tibia. In group A, the complication rate was 33.33% and the flap survival rate was 83.33%. In group B, the complication rate was 42.85% and survival rate was 100%. The proximally designed sural flap can safely reach the anterior aspect of the tibia in its middle and distal thirds.
Asunto(s)
Pierna/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/irrigación sanguínea , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/inervación , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Rechazo de Injerto , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Pierna/patología , Traumatismos de la Pierna/diagnóstico , Traumatismos de la Pierna/cirugía , Úlcera de la Pierna/diagnóstico , Úlcera de la Pierna/cirugía , Masculino , Microcirugia/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/trasplante , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Muestreo , Vena Safena/trasplante , Nervio Sural/trasplante , Recolección de Tejidos y Órganos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and neovascularization in dural repairs in Wistar rats using four techniques: simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomized in five groups: the first was the control group, submitted to dural tear only. The others underwent durotomy and simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Animals were euthanized and the spine was submitted to histological evaluation with a score system (ranging from zero to 3) for inflammation, neovascularization and fibrosis. RESULTS: Fibrosis was significantly different between simple suture and silicon mesh (p=0.005) and between simple suture and mesh with suture (p=0.015), showing that fibrosis is more intense when a foreign body is used in the repair. Bovine membrane was significantly different from mesh plus suture (p=0.011) regarding vascularization. Inflammation was significantly different between simple suture and bovine collagen membrane. CONCLUSION: Silicon mesh, compared to other commercial products available, is a possible alternative for dural repair. More studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Asunto(s)
Duramadre/lesiones , Duramadre/patología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Siliconas/uso terapéutico , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Bovinos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Duramadre/irrigación sanguínea , Duramadre/cirugía , Fibrosis , Masculino , Colágenos no Fibrilares/uso terapéutico , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Siliconas/farmacología , Técnicas de Sutura/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Open tibial fractures are usually caused by high-energy trauma. There is no consensus about the best treatment for these fractures. Biomechanical studies show that fixing on two planes approaches the rigidity of the bone, whereas the use of interlocking intramedullary nailing is widely used and reported to produce better therapeutic results in fracture healing. OBJECTIVE: To compare bone tissue repair in patients with open diaphyseal tibial fracture treated with biplanar external fixation or reamed locked intramedullary nailing. METHOD: Prospective randomised study with 68 patients undergoing two types of surgical treatment: biplanar external fixation or reamed locked intramedullary nailing. Consolidation, complications (infection, malunion and non-union) and quality of life using the SF-36 Health Survey were assessed 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Consolidation occurred in 84.6% of patients who underwent reamed intramedullary nailing, and in 90.3% of patients who were treated with biplanar external fixation. In the intramedullary nailing group, there were two cases of non-union, three cases of malunion and two cases of infection. In the patients treated with biplanar fixation, there were three cases of non-union, five cases of malunion and no cases of infection. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups for these results. Patient quality of life was statistically equal for both methods. CONCLUSION: Treatment with biplanar external fixation was associated with statistically similar results compared with intramedullary locking.
Asunto(s)
Desviación Ósea/cirugía , Diáfisis/lesiones , Fijadores Externos , Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas , Fracturas Abiertas/cirugía , Fracturas no Consolidadas/cirugía , Fracturas de la Tibia/cirugía , Adulto , Desviación Ósea/diagnóstico por imagen , Desviación Ósea/fisiopatología , Clavos Ortopédicos , Diáfisis/diagnóstico por imagen , Diáfisis/cirugía , Femenino , Curación de Fractura , Fracturas Abiertas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Abiertas/fisiopatología , Fracturas no Consolidadas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas no Consolidadas/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Radiografía , Fracturas de la Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Tibia/fisiopatología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To investigate the effects of proteins products of endothelial cells (ECs) on the annulus fibrosus (AF) cell metabolism in an in vitro culture. Human AF cells were expanded in monolayer cultures and treated with proteins from the medium of cell line HMEC-1 (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells) (125µg/ml). After 72h of treatment RNA was isolated from AF cells for analysis of gene expression and the culture medium was collected for protein expression analysis. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in AF cells treated with protein products of endothelial cells compared with cells from control group of AF cells: MMP-1 243.10 times (p<0.05), MMP-2 1.37 time (p<0.05), MMP-3 39.83 times (p<0.05) and MMP-13 5.70 times (p<0.05). In contrast, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were suppressed; TIMP-2 (0.55 time) (p<0.05) and TIMP-3 (0.60 time) (p<0.05) in the exposed groups. The expression of aggrecan gene (0.83 time) (p<0.05), an important extracellular matrix component, was also reduced. MMP-1 and MMP-3 detection was performed, confirming the results of PCR by Western Blot technique. In this study, we observed that the proteins produced by ECs induced the MMPs expression and suppressed the TIMPs as well as the aggrecan in primary cells of the human intervertebral disc, targeting the development of potential treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration and associated discogenic pain.
Analisar o efeito de produtos proteicos de células endoteliais (CEs) sobre o metabolismo de células de ânulo fibroso (AF) em ambiente controlado de cultura celular in vitro. Células de AF humano foram expandidas em camada única e tratadas com proteínas obtidas a partir do meio de cultura de células da linhagem celular HMEC-1 (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells) (125µg/ml). Após 72h de tratamento, isolou-se RNA das células de AF para análise da expressão gênica e coletou-se meio de cultura para análise de expressão proteica. A análise da qRT-PCR demonstrou aumento da expressão gênica das metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs) nas células de AF tratadas com produtos proteicos das células endoteliais, em comparação com grupo controle de células de AF: MMP-1 243,10 vezes (p < 0,05), MMP-2 1,37 vezes (p < 0,05), MMP-3 39,83 vezes (p < 0,05) e MMP13 5,70 vezes (p < 0,05). Em contraste, os inibidores teciduais das metaloproteinases (TIMPs) apresentaram supressão da expressão gênica de TIMP-2 (0,55 vezes) (p < 0,05) e TIMP-3 (0,60 vezes) (p < 0,05) nos grupos expostos. A expressão do gene agrecan (0,83 vezes) (p < 0,05), componente importante da matriz extracelular, também estava diminuída. Foi realizada detecção de MMP-1 e MMP-3, confirmando os resultados de PCR através de técnica de Western Blot. Neste estudo observamos que proteínas produzidas pelas CEs induziram a expressão de MMPs e suprimiram a expressão de TIMPs e agrecan nas células primárias do disco intervertebral humano, objetivando desenvolvimento de potenciais terapias no tratamento da degeneração do disco intervertebral e dor discogênica associada.
Analizar el efecto de los productos de proteína de las células endoteliales (CEs) en el metabolismo celular del anillo fibroso (AF) en sistema in vitro de cultivo controlado. Las células del AF humano se ampliaron en monocapa y se las trató con las proteínas obtenidas a partir de los medios de cultivo de la línea de células HMEC-1 (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells) (125µg/ml). Después de 72h de tratamiento, se aisló el ARN de las células de AF para el análisis de la expresión génica y se recogió el medio de cultivo para el análisis de expresión de la proteína. El análisis de qRT-PCR demostró una mayor expresión génica de las metaloproteinasas de matriz (MMP) en las células tratadas con productos de proteína de AF en las células endoteliales, en comparación con el grupo de control de células AF: MMP-1 243,10 veces (p < 0,05), MMP-2 1,37 veces (p < 0,05), MMP-3 39,83 veces (p < 0,05) y MMP-13 5,70 veces (p < 0,05). En contraste, los inhibidores tisulares de las metaloproteinasas (TIMP), presentaron supresión de la expresión del gen TIMP-2 (0,55 veces) (p < 0,05) y TIMP-3 (0,60 veces) (p < 0,05) en los grupos expuestos. La expresión génica de agrecano (0,83 veces) (p < 0,05), importante componente de la matriz extracelular, también se redujo. La detección de MMP-1 y de MMP-3 fue realizada y se confirmaron los resultados de la PCR mediante la técnica Western Blot. En el presente estudio se observó que las proteínas producidas por las CEs indujeron la expresión de MMP y suprimieron la expresión del TIMP y de agrecano en células primarias del disco intervertebral humano, con el objetivo de desarrollar posibles tratamientos para la degeneración del disco intervertebral y el dolor discogénico asociado.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Disco Intervertebral/citología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz , Células EndotelialesRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and neovascularization in dural repairs in Wistar rats using four techniques: simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomized in five groups: the first was the control group, submitted to dural tear only. The others underwent durotomy and simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Animals were euthanized and the spine was submitted to histological evaluation with a score system (ranging from zero to 3) for inflammation, neovascularization and fibrosis. Results Fibrosis was significantly different between simple suture and silicon mesh (p=0.005) and between simple suture and mesh with suture (p=0.015), showing that fibrosis is more intense when a foreign body is used in the repair. Bovine membrane was significantly different from mesh plus suture (p=0.011) regarding vascularization. Inflammation was significantly different between simple suture and bovine collagen membrane. Conclusion Silicon mesh, compared to other commercial products available, is a possible alternative for dural repair. More studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
RESUMO Objetivo : Avaliar reação inflamatória, fibrose e neovascularização da reparação da lesão dural em ratos Wistar, comparando quatro diferentes técnicas: pontos simples, membrana de colágeno bovino, tela de silicone e tela de silicone associada a pontos simples. Métodos : Trinta ratos Wistar foram randomizados em cinco grupos: o primeiro foi um grupo controle, submetido somente à durotomia. Os outros também foram submetidos à durotomia, porém sofreram sutura simples, reparo com membrana de colágeno bovino, tela de silicone e tela de silicone com sutura. Os animais foram sacrificados, e a coluna foi submetida à avaliação histológica com um escore (variando de zero a 3) para inflamação, neovascularização e fibrose. Resultados : A fibrose foi significativamente diferente, comparando-se sutura simples e tela de silicone (p=0,005) e sutura simples e tela com fio de sutura (p=0,015), demonstrando que a fibrose foi mais intensa quando um corpo estranho foi utilizado na reparação. Membrana bovina foi significativamente diferente da tela mais sutura (p=0,011) em relação à vascularização. A inflamação foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos submetidos à sutura simples e ao reparo com membrana de colágeno bovino. Conclusão : A tela de silicone, comparada com produtos similares com disponibilidade comercial, é uma possível alternativa como protetor de dura-máter. Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar esses resultados.