RESUMEN
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is prevalent in patients with hypertension and is an independent risk factor for aortic pathologies. HHcy is known to cause an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), leading to the accumulation of collagen in the aorta and resulting in stiffness and development of hypertension. Although the exact mechanism of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is unclear, emerging evidence implicates epigenetic regulation involving DNA methylation. Our purpose was to investigate whether 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) inhibitor, reduces high blood pressure (BP) by regulating aortic ECM remodeling in HHcy. Wild-type and cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS)(+/-) HHcy mice were treated with Aza (0.5 mg/kg body weight). In HHcy mice, Aza treatment normalized the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and BP. Thoracic and abdominal aorta ultrasound revealed a reduction in the resistive index and wall-to-lumen ratio. Vascular response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside improved after Aza in HHcy mice. Histology showed a marked reduction in collagen deposition in the aorta. Aza treatment decreased the expression of DNMT1, MMP9, TIMP1, and S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and upregulated methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). We conclude that reduction of DNA methylation by Aza in HHcy reduces adverse aortic remodeling to mitigate hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Aorta/fisiopatología , Azacitidina/análogos & derivados , Metilación de ADN , Epigénesis Genética/fisiología , Hiperhomocisteinemia/genética , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Acetilcolina/farmacología , Adenosilhomocisteinasa/biosíntesis , Adenosilhomocisteinasa/genética , Animales , Aorta/química , Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Azacitidina/farmacología , Colágeno/metabolismo , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1 , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/biosíntesis , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/genética , Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Decitabina , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Homocistinuria/complicaciones , Homocistinuria/tratamiento farmacológico , Homocistinuria/genética , Hiperhomocisteinemia/complicaciones , Hiperhomocisteinemia/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/etiología , Hipertensión/genética , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/biosíntesis , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/biosíntesis , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/genética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Nitroprusiato/farmacología , Fenilefrina/farmacología , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/biosíntesis , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/genética , Ultrasonografía , Resistencia Vascular/genéticaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Parstatin, a novel protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) derived peptide is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We and others have reported that imbalance between angiogenic growth factors and anti-angiogenic factors results in transition from compensatory cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure in a pressure overload condition. Though cardio protective role of parstatin was shown previously in ischemic cardiac injury, its role in pressure overload cardiac injury is yet to unveil. We hypothesize that supplementing anti-parstatin antibody during pressure overload condition augments angiogenesis and ameliorate left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. To verify this, we created ascending aortic banding in mice to mimic pressure overload condition and then treated mice with anti-parstatin antibody. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography and pressure-volume loop study. Angiogenic growth factors and anti-angiogenic factors along with MMP-2,-9 were evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: our results showed an improved left ventricular function in anti-parstatin treated aortic banding hearts compared to their corresponding wild type controls. Expression of angiogenic growth factor, VEGF, MMP-2 and CD31 expression was increased in treated aortic banding hearts compared to their corresponding wild type controls. Our results suggest that treating pressure overload mice with anti-parstatin antibody augments angiogenesis and ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction.