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Background: With aging, women face various health issues, the most common of which are musculoskeletal disorders. Osteoarthritis accounts for 15% of all musculoskeletal disorders in patients above the age of 45 years but receives little attention. This study aims to estimate the proportion of women above 45 years suffering from Osteoarthritis (OA) knee and to ascertain its risk determinants. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 women above 45 years of age attending the Orthopedic outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 18 months. American College of Rheumatology clinicoradiological criteria were used for the diagnosis of OA knee. A predesigned case record form was used to collect information on sociodemographic profile and other risk factors. Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Our study found the overall proportion of OA knee to be 69.2%. The Chi-square test was used to find the association of various factors with OA knee. On logistic regression, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, menopause, and increased body mass index were found to be significant for OA Knee. Conclusion: The study concludes the possibility of prevention of disabilities by early screening for OA Knee in those with risk factors as a part of wellness clinics.
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Background: India, the second leading producer of tobacco, puts the population at a higher chance of tobacco consumption contributing to a significant disease burden. Though tobacco smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension and has been on the rise among the population, studies on the relationship of tobacco with hypertension are limited in India. Aim: This study aimed to assess the population-level risk of tobacco (smoke) use and elevated blood pressure (BP) among Indians and also assess the association of risk of tobacco smoking with hypertension based on the place of residence. Materials and Methods: Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 was utilized. The prevalence of hypertension and its magnitude of association with smoking factors was found using univariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the association of smoking products with elevated BP by adjusting the model for sociodemographic factors, illness, physical characteristics, and state-wise data. Results: The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 16.56% (confidence interval [CI]: 16.34-16.78) in males and 11.20% (CI: 11.12-11.27) in females. Among those who smoked tobacco, 15.3% women and 22.4% men were hypertensive. This study highlights the significant association of smoking of various tobacco products with hypertension in both men and women on univariate analysis. But the adjusted mean elevated BP among the tobacco-using males and females was not significantly associated with smoking cigarettes, pipe, cigars, and hookah. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is a modifiable factor for the development and progression of hypertension. Adequate preventive and promotive health measures targeting the young, rural inhabitants and the poorer sections of society may help in reducing tobacco consumption.
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CONTEXT: Man lives in close harmony with animals and so the chances of injuries and diseases contracted from them. Effective preventive measure such as vaccination is to be ensured following harmful bites resulting in Rabies. AIM: The aim is to assess the proportion of rabid animal bite cases and non-compliance of post exposure prophylaxis vaccination following bites, reporting to a rural primary health care centre. SETTING AND DESIGN: This is a retrospective cross sectional study from records of animal bite cases attending a rural primary health centre from January 2017 to December 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pre-designed case record form was used to estimate the proportion of animal bite cases leading to Rabies and Non-compliance of post exposure prophylaxis attending the health centre. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data analysis was done in SPSS 2016. Chi square was used to find the significance. RESULTS: Around 448 animal bites were found over a span of one year, out of which 222 (49.5%) were found to be rabid animal bites. 46.65% (209) were dog bites and 2.9% (13) were cat bites. Statistical significance (P < 0.05) was seen between age and compliance of vaccination following dog bites. 1.14% of the study subjects who had completed the 5 dose post prophylaxis vaccination belonged to the elderly age group. Among the cat bite cases, 2 of the study subjects had received 1 dose of PEP with anti-rabies vaccine. CONCLUSION: Only 1.14% of the study subjects had taken the complete dose of PEP. This suggests the lack of awareness among public and lack of services and supervision for rabid animal bites in rural areas. It is the duty of every physician to counsel people, co-ordinate with veterinary physician and maintain proper records so as to ensure completion of PEP to prevent rabies related deaths in humans.