Communication Gap in ICU: SPIKES Can Be a Useful Tool!

How to cite this article: Govindasaami V, Rajabalan A. Communication Gap in ICU: SPIKES Can Be a Useful Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(10):771.

High risk for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome predicts new onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is highly prevalent in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). OSAHS is a risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the risk of AF in patients who are high risk for OSAHS is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing CABG from 2013 to 2015 without AF pre-operatively. Patients were categorized as low risk for OSAHS, high risk for OSAHS, or diagnosed OSAHS based on medical records review. All diagnosed OSAHS patients were on active treatment with positive airway pressure. Outcomes assessed were postoperative AF (POAF), postoperative length of stay, re-intubation, in-hospital mortality, and cost of hospitalization. RESULTS: Out of 209 eligible patients, 66.5% were low-risk for OSAHS, 18.7% high-risk for OSAHS, and 14.8% diagnosed/treated for OSAHS. POAF developed in 96 patients (45.9%) with greater frequency in high-risk OSAHS patients (69.2% high risk, 41.9% low risk, 40.3% diagnosed/treated, p = 0.01). In analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and comorbidities, high risk for OSAHS was associated with 2.9 greater odds (95% CI [1.2, 7.3], p = 0.02) for POAF while diagnosed/treated OSAHS was not associated with elevated risk (OR = 1.4, 95% CI [0.6, 3.6], p = 0.50) compared to patients at low risk for OSAHS. CONCLUSIONS: High risk for OSAHS is an independent predictor for POAF in patients undergoing CABG. In contrast, patients diagnosed and treated for their OSAHS are not at elevated risk of POAF. These findings support evaluation of a standardized OSAHS screening and treatment program as part of the pre-operative evaluation for elective CABG.

Proportion of Hemodialysis Treatments with High Ultrafiltration Rate and the Association with Mortality.

Background: Rapid fluid removal during hemodialysis has been associated with increased mortality. The limit of ultrafiltration rate (UFR) monitored by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is 13 ml/kg per hour. It is not clear if the proportion of treatments with high UFR is associated with higher mortality. We examined the association of proportion of dialysis treatments with high UFR and mortality in end stage kidney failure patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of incident patients initiating hemodialysis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, at Emory dialysis centers. The proportion of treatments with high UFR (>13 ml/kg per hour) per patient was calculated using data from the initial 3 months of dialysis therapy. Patients were categorized on the basis of quartiles of proportion of dialysis sessions with high UFR. Risk of death and survival probabilities were calculated and compared for all quartiles. Results: Of 1050 patients eligible, the median age was 59 years, 56% were men, and 91% were Black. The median UFR was 6.5 ml/kg per hour, and the proportion of sessions with high UFR was 5%. Thirty-one percent of patients never experienced high UFR. Being a man, younger age, shorter duration of hemodialysis sessions, lower weight, diabetic status, higher albumin, and history of heart failure were associated with a higher proportion of sessions with high UFR. Patients in the higher quartile (26% dialysis with high UFR, average UFR 9.8 ml/kg per hour, median survival of 5.6 years) had a higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.10) compared with those in the lower quartile (0% dialysis with high UFR, average UFR 4.7 ml/kg per hour, median survival 8.8 years). Conclusions: Patients on hemodialysis who did not experience frequent episodes of elevated UFR during the first 3 months of their dialysis tenure had a significantly lower risk of death compared with patients with frequent episodes of high UFR.

Inverted Meckel's Diverticulum: Rare Etiology of an Intestinal Obstruction.

Acute gastrointestinal obstruction can have a varied spectrum of clinical presentation and etiologies. It has been studied in detail and the management criteria have been well defined for the most part in our era. The etiologies are usually well defined. However, acute small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to intussusception caused by an inverted Meckel's diverticulum is a rare phenomenon that is often times missed on initial presentation and/or consequently until resected and visualized on pathological examination. We present a case of a 34-year-old presenting with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction and radiographic exam showing ileo-ileal intussusception. The patient failed to improve initially following conservative management and was taken to the operating room for small bowel resection which then revealed an inverted Meckel's diverticulum.

Case Report of Ectopic Liver on Gallbladder Serosa with a Brief Review of the Literature.

This case describes an intraoperative incidental finding and surgical removal of ectopic liver tissue attached to the gallbladder during a standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. These anomalies are rare, with interesting associations and possible clinically relevant complications. The details of the case, along with a brief literature review of embryology, common ectopic sites, and associations/complications, are presented in this paper. Since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a very common procedure, it is important to increase vigilance of ectopic liver tissues during surgeries to minimize complications and provide optimal management.

A novel platelet lysate hydrogel for endothelial cell and mesenchymal stem cell-directed neovascularization.

UNLABELLED: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) hold promise in promoting vascular regeneration of ischemic tissue in conditions like critical limb ischemia of the leg. However, this approach has been limited in part by poor cell retention and survival after delivery. New biomaterials offer an opportunity to localize cells to the desired tissue after delivery, but also to improve cell survival after delivery. Here we characterize the mechanical and microstructural properties of a novel hydrogel composed of pooled human platelet lysate (PL) and test its ability to promote MSC angiogenic activity using clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo models. This PL hydrogel had comparable storage and loss modulus and behaved as a viscoelastic solid similar to fibrin hydrogels despite having 1/4-1/10th the fibrin content of standard fibrin gels. Additionally, PL hydrogels enabled sustained release of endogenous PDGF-BB for up to 20days and were resistant to protease degradation. PL hydrogel stimulated pro-angiogenic activity by promoting human MSC growth and invasion in a 3D environment, and enhancing endothelial cell sprouting alone and in co-culture with MSCs. When delivered in vivo, the combination of PL and human MSCs improved local tissue perfusion after 8days compared to controls when assessed with laser Doppler perfusion imaging in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. These results support the use of a PL hydrogel as a scaffold for MSC delivery to promote vascular regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Innovative strategies for improved retention and viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are needed for cellular therapies. Human platelet lysate is a potent serum supplement that improves the expansion of MSCs. Here we characterize our novel PL hydrogel's desirable structural and biologic properties for human MSCs and endothelial cells. PL hydrogel can localize cells for retention in the desired tissue, improves cell viability, and augments MSCs' angiogenic activity. As a result of these unique traits, PL hydrogel is ideally suited to serve as a cell delivery vehicle for MSCs injected into ischemic tissues to promote vascular regeneration, as demonstrated here in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia.

A Rare Case of Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare clinical condition with only about 100 cases reported in the literature. It is characterized by primary hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) which are specialized epithelial cells located throughout the entire respiratory tract, from the trachea to the terminal airways. DIPNECH appears in various forms that include diffuse proliferation of scattered neuroendocrine cells, small nodules, or a linear proliferation. It is usually seen in middle-aged, nonsmoking women with symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. We present a 45-year-old, nonsmoking woman who presented with symptoms of DIPNECH associated with bilateral pulmonary nodules and left hilar adenopathy. Of interest, DIPNECH in our patient was associated with metastatic pulmonary carcinoids, papillary carcinoma of the left breast, oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma of her left kidney, and cortical nodules suggestive of tuberous sclerosis. She had video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), modified radical mastectomy with reconstruction, and radical nephrectomy. She is currently symptom-free most of the time with over two years of follow-up.