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Since ancient times, seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Furthermore, research into the biological activity of certain seaweed compounds has progressed significantly, with an emphasis on their composition and application for human and animal nutrition. Seaweeds have many uses: they are consumed as fodder, and have been used in medicines, cosmetics, energy, fertilizers, and industrial agar and alginate biosynthesis. The beneficial effects of seaweed are mostly due to the presence of minerals, vitamins, phenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as several other bioactive compounds. These compounds seem to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Recent advances and limitations for seaweed bioactive as a nutraceutical in terms of bioavailability are explored in order to better comprehend their therapeutic development. To further understand the mechanism of action of seaweed chemicals, more research is needed as is an investigation into their potential usage in pharmaceutical companies and other applications, with the ultimate objective of developing sustainable and healthier products. The objective of this review is to collect information about the role of seaweeds on nutritional, pharmacological, industrial, and biochemical applications, as well as their impact on human health.
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Algas Marinas , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Algas Marinas/químicaRESUMEN
This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and explore the eco-friendly and antifungal potential of precocenes and their derivatives. The organic synthesis of the mono-O-alkyl-2,2-dimethyl 2H-1-chromene series, including the natural product precocene I, and the di-O-alkyl 2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-chromene series, including the natural 2H-1-chromenes precocenes II and III, was achieved. The synthetic compounds were subjected to spectroscopic analysis, 1HNMR,13CNMR, and mass characterization. The antifungal activity of synthesized precocenes I, II, and III, as well as their synthetic intermediates, was evaluated by the poison food technique. Precocene II (EC50 106.8 µg × mL-1 and 4.94 µg mL-1), and its regioisomers 7a (EC50 97.18 µg × mL-1 and 35.30 µg × mL-1) and 7d (EC50 170.58 × µg mL-1), exhibited strong fungitoxic activity against Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctonia solani. Some of the novel chromenes, 11a and 11b, which had never been evaluated before, yielded stronger fungitoxic effects. Finally, docking simulations for compounds with promising fungitoxic activity were subjected to structure-activity relationship analyses against the polygalactouronases and voltage-dependent anion channels. Conclusively, precocenes and their regioisomers demonstrated promising fungitoxic activity; such compounds can be subjected to minor structural modifications to yield promising and novel fungicides.
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Antifúngicos , Fungicidas Industriales , Antifúngicos/química , Rhizoctonia , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Benzopiranos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
An overproducing date fruit with limited industrial utilization leads to significant waste and losses, especially in the early stage of date maturity known as bisr. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of bisr date powder (BDP) at different concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%) as a natural sweetener instead of sugar and barley flour as a source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals instead of wheat flour (50%) in biscuit production over storage periods of 7, 14, and 21 days. The analysis revealed that the bisr Al-Khalas powder sample had a moisture content of 11.84%, ash content of 2.30%, and crude fiber content of 10.20%. Additionally, it had a low protein (2.50%) and fat (0.77%) content, with total carbohydrates at 82.59%. The gradual substitution of bisr Al-Khalas in biscuit production resulted in an increased moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, and iron content, as well as a decrease in total carbohydrate percentage. A chemical analysis of bisr Al-Khalas powder demonstrated high levels of antioxidants, with 248.49 mg gallic acid/g of phenolic compounds, 31.03 mg quercetin/g of flavonoids, and an antioxidant activity ranging from 42.30%, as shown by the DPPH test. The peroxide content was 0.009 mg equivalent/kg. Biscuit samples with different proportions of bisr Al-Khalas showed an improved resistance to oxidation compared to samples without bisr Al-Khalas, with increased resistance as the percentage of replacement increased during storage. Physical properties such as the diameter, height, and spread percentage, as well as organoleptic properties like color, flavor, aroma, and taste, were significantly enhanced with higher levels of bisr Al-Khalas in the mixture. Biscuit samples fortified with 100% pure bisr Al-Khalas powder were found to be less acceptable, while samples with a 25% substitution did not negatively impact sensory properties. In addition, acrylamide and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were not detected in bisr powder and biscuit samples prepared at different concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%). In conclusion, the study suggests that bisr Al-Khalas powder, an underutilized waste product, has the potential to add value to commercial biscuit production due to its high nutritional value and extended storage period resulting from its potent antioxidant activity.
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Hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes liver injury. This research aims to create ZnO-NPs using green synthesis from Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves aqueous extract, and chemically prepared and confirming the synthesis by specialized equipment analysis. The sizes formed of ZnO-NPs were 80 and 55 nm for chemical and green methods, respectively. In addition, to study their ability to protect Wistar Albino male rats against oxidative stress exposed to carbon tetrachloride. MO leaf aqueous extract, green synthesized ZnO-NPs, and ZnO-NPs prepared chemically at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW per day were investigated for their hepatoprotective effects on liver enzyme biomarkers, renal biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes. Compared to the control group, all liver and kidney indicators were considerably elevated after the CCl4 injection. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver was significantly reduced after the CCl4 injection. These outcomes indicate that MO leaf aqueous extract, greenly synthesized ZnO-NPs, and ZnO-NPs chemically prepared can restore normal liver and kidney function and activity, as well as hematological and antioxidant enzymes. The highest impact on enhancing the hepatoprotective effect was recorded for rats that received green synthesized ZnO-NPs. The increased drug delivery mechanism of green synthesized ZnO-NPs resulted in a higher protective effect than that of MO leaf aqueous extract.
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The study aimed to evaluate the potential use of spent coffee powder (SCP) and spent tea powder (STP) as bioactive supplements for sponge cake. To achieve this aim, we initially compared the chemical properties of spent tea and coffee powders with those of their raw forms. Subsequently, three supplemented cake blends were prepared (1, 2, and 3% of SCP and STP) to test the effect of their addition on the chemophysical characteristics, sensory attributes, and shelf life of the final products. Our results indicated that spent tea and coffee are prospective materials for polyphenols. Spent tea powder could retain up to 72% (theaflavin trigallate), while spent coffee powder could retain up to 63.9% (1-caffeoylquinic acid) of the identified compounds compared to the raw materials. Furthermore, spent tea and coffee powders contained high levels of dietary fiber (18.95 and 31.65 g/100 g dry weight) and the elements potassium (254.6 and 1218.2 mg/100 g of DW), phosphorus (189.8 and 161.3 mg/100 g of DW), calcium (904.1 and 237.8 mg/100 g of DW), and magnesium (158.8 and 199.6 mg/100 g of DW). In addition, the fortified samples with SCP and STP significantly enhanced the nutritional values while retaining good sensory qualities compared to those of the control sample. Moreover, cakes fortified with the highest concentrations of SCP and STP (3%) showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde content (MDA; 17.7 and 18.0 µg/g) and microbiological counts (2.4 and 2.5 log cfu/g) compared to the control cake after 14 days of storage. These findings suggest that incorporating SCP and STP into cakes not only enhances their nutritional value but also extends their shelf life. By utilizing these waste products, we can contribute to a more sustainable and ecofriendly food industry.
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In the current study, we investigated the effect of potassium humate (Kh) and salicylic acid (SA) in mitigating the salinity stress of common bean plants. Common bean seedlings were treated with 0.2 g/L SA as a foliar application and 0.3 g/L Kh as a soil application individually or in combination. After 7 days of germination, plants were treated with 50 mM NaCl and normal water as a control. Our results indicate that salt treatment reduced the plant growth (fresh and dry shoots and roots), leaf pigments (total chlorophyll and carotenoids), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH), and potassium (K) contents. On the contrary, proline content; sodium (Na); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); superoxide anion (O2â¢-); and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were increased by saline stress. However, applying either individual Kh and SA or their combination stimulated seedling growth under salinity stress by increasing growth parameters, leaf pigment contents, AA, GSH, proline content, K content, and antioxidant enzymes compared with the control. Additionally, Na content, H2O2, and O2â¢- were reduced by all applications. The application of the Kh (0.3 g/L) + SA (0.2 g/L) combination was more effective than using the individual compounds. In conclusion, applications of Kh + SA can mitigate salt stress and improve the seedling growth of common bean.
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Hassawi rice is an Indica variety cultivated in Saudi Arabia with a higher nutritional value than the commercial Basmati rice varieties. The present study has investigated the feasibility of combining Hassawi rice flour (HRF) or husk (HRHF), an abundant byproduct, with wheat flour to produce nutritious economical pan bread. To achieve this aim, the physicochemical properties of HRF and HRHF were assessed using techniques such as UPLC-tandem MS, ICP-OES, and colorimeter. The proximate composition (moisture, crude fiber, and ash) and mineral contents of HRHF are significantly (p < 0.05) higher than HRF. On the other hand, the compounds p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, γ- and δ-tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol were unique to HRF. We further determined the changes in sensory, technological, and physicochemical properties of wheat flour bread substituted with 5%, 10%, and 15% of HRF or HRHF. The rheological tests showed that the addition of HRF and HRHF increased dough development and stability time. Further, substituting wheat flour for HRF and HRHF at levels higher than 10% affected sensory attributes, such as color, taste, odor, flavor, and appearance. These changes, however, were not always at a significant level. The causes of the differences in properties between control and fortified bread samples were investigated by chemometric methods. Samples of bread +HRF at 5 and 10% had comparable overall profiles to the control. On the other hand, bread +HRHF samples proved to retain higher concentrations of bioactive molecules compared to the control bread. Our findings shed light on the possible use of rice husk fibers in baking goods, notably pan bread. Furthermore, by integrating rice husk fibers into baked goods, we may boost their health benefits while also contributing to the long-term use of agricultural waste.
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The current study investigates the feasibility of preparing Arabic bread from wheat flour, sweet potato flour, or peeled sweet potatoes based on the nutritional values, technological characteristics, and sensory properties of the final products. First, we analyzed the proximate, elemental, total and individual phytochemical compositions of the raw materials and bread samples. The analysis showed that potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were higher in peels than pulp, in the same manner to the total phenolics, flavonoids, and anti-radical scavenging activities. Phenolic acids and flavonols were quantified, where p-coumaric, feruloyl-D-glucose, eucomic, gallic, and ferulic acids were measured as major phenolic acids in either peels or pulp flours, and their quantities were higher in the peels. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of wheat substitution on the properties of the dough blends and their final bakery. The results indicated that the fortified samples' nutritional and rheological properties were significantly improved, while their sensory qualities were comparable to those of the control. Thereby, the fortified dough blends presented higher dough stabilities, indicating a wider range of applications. Additionally, after the heat treatment, the fortified breads maintained significantly higher total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents, and total antioxidant activities, implying their accessibility for humans upon consumption.
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The dried form of the brown seaweed Sargassum latifolium was tested for its ability to remove toxic Methylene Blue Dye (MBD) ions from aqueous synthetic solutions and industrial wastewater effluents. In a batch adsorption experiment, different initial concentrations of MBD (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1), sorbent dosages (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g L-1), contact time (5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 min), pH (3, 5, 8, 10, and 12), and temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 °C) were observed. Dried powder of S. latifolium was characterized before and after adsorption of MBD using different techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, UV visible spectral examination, and BET techniques. The BET surface area suggests the formation of S. latifolium was 111.65 m2 g-1, and the average pore size was 2.19 nm. The obtained results showed that at an MBD concentration of 40 mg L-1, the adsorption was rapid in the first 5, 10, and 15 min of contact time, and an equilibrium was reached in about 60 and 120 min for the adsorption. At the optimum temperature of 30 °C and the adsorbent dose of 0.1 g L-1, approximately 94.88% of MBD were removed. To find the best-fit isotherm model, the error function equations are applied to the isotherm model findings. Both Tempkin and Freundlich isotherm models could appropriate the equilibrium data, as well as the pseudo 2nd order kinetics model due to high correlation coefficients (R2). Thermodynamic and Freundlich model parameters were assessed and showed that the mechanism of the sorption process occurs by an endothermic and physical process. According to the results of the experiments, S. latifolium is a promising environmentally friendly approach for eliminating MBD from the aqueous solution that is also cost-effective. This technology could be useful in addressing the rising demand for adsorbents employed in environmental protection processes.
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Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the removal of the toxic Methylene Blue Dye (MBD) from synthetic aqueous solutions using the nanoparticles form of Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for MBD was investigated using different amounts of A. platensis nanoparticles at different contact times, temperatures, pH, and MBD initial concentrations in the synthetic aqueous solution. In addition, A. platensis nanoparticles were characterized using Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Ultraviolet spectra (UV) techniques. The optimum removal of MBD was found at a concentration of 0.4 g A. platensis nanoparticles. A. platensis nanoparticles remove 93% of MBD in 5 min (under agitation conditions at 150 rpm). The highest adsorption capacity was found by the Langmuir model to be 58.8 mg g-1. It is an endothermic process with spontaneity increasing with temperature. The probable mechanism for the adsorption is chemisorption via surface-active charges in the initial phase, which is followed by physical sorption by occupying pores of A. platensis. MBD adsorption by A. platensis follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Freundlich and Langmuir models fit well with the experimental data. The adsorption experiments suggested that the regeneration of the adsorbents was possible for repeated use, especially regarding MBD up to 65.8% after three cycles, which proves it can be easily recycled. In conclusion, the nanoparticles of A. platensis have a significant adsorption potential in the removal of MBD from effluent wastewater.
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Based on their functional groups, the use of various seaweed forms in phytoremediation has recently gained significant eco-friendly importance. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel, sustainable, and ecologically acceptable adsorbent could be employed to remove toxic textile dye (Ismate Violet 2R (IV2R)) from an aqueous solution. The low-cost adsorbent was prepared from the nanoparticles form of the native red seaweed species, Pterocladia capillacea. Before and after the adsorption procedure, comprehensive characterization experiments on the bio-adsorbent were carried out, including BET, SEM, FTIR, UV, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) examination. The adsorption performance of the prepared nano-Pterocladia capillacea was optimized by adjusting operating parameters such as the initial dye concentration of 60 mg L-1, pH of 2, and contact time of 15 min, all of which were obtained by batch experiments in the lab. At the optimum conditions, the prepared adsorbent had maximum removal effectiveness of 87.2%. Most typical kinetics and isotherm models were used to test the experimental results. The equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model, with comparatively higher R2 values and fewer standard errors, while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better with a decent correlation coefficient. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption process on nano-alga was exothermic and spontaneous.
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This study aims to produce green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) derived from red seaweed (Pterocladia Capillacea) and evaluate their potential to absorb Ismate violet 2R (IV2R) ions from an aqueous solution. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET) were used to analyze the structural, morphological, and optical features of the synthesized nanoparticles. The change in color of the chemical solution revealed the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR examination confirmed the synthesis of both Zn and ZnO nanoparticle powder, with a BET surface area of 113.751 m2 g-1 and an average pore size of 2.527 nm for the synthesized adsorbent. Furthermore, the maximum removal effectiveness of IV2R was 99% when 0.08 g ZnO-NPs was applied at a pH of 6, a temperature of 55 °C, and a contact time of 120 min. The dye adsorption capacity of the ZnO-NPs was 72.24 mg g-1. The adsorption process was also controlled by the Freundlich adsorption model and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The adsorption of IV2R ions onto the ZnO-NPs could be represented as a nonideal and reversible sorption process of a nonuniform surface, according to Freundlich adsorption isotherms. In addition, the constant values of the model parameters were determined using various nonlinear regression error functions. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change, enthalpy change, and free energy change were investigated; the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The high capacity of the ZnO-NPs synthesized by red seaweed promotes them as promising substances for applications in water treatment for the removal of IV2R dye from aqueous systems.
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A biofloc technology-based 75-day indoor growth trial in an 80 L glass aquaria was conducted to evaluate the effects of two different carbon sources (sugarcane bagasse, SB, and wheat flour, WF) on the biofloc composition, bacterial abundance, and growth of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles (0.23 ± 0.04 g). Three different levels of dietary protein content (250, 300, and 350 g protein kg−1 diet) and two carbon sources (SB and WF) were applied (SB250, WF250, SB300, WF300, SB350, and WF350, respectively), comparing to a controlled diet without biofloc and fed on a 450 g protein kg−1 diet (C450). With the addition of SB and WF, water quality was in the ideal recommended ranges for L. vannamei culture. At the end of the experiment, the biofloc volume increased with increasing dietary protein levels. The nutritional value of biofloc in different treatments was influenced by dietary protein and added SB and WF. Increasing dietary protein significantly increased the protein and lipid contents of the produced biofloc. The use of WF as a carbon source significantly increased lipids and nitrogen-free extract in the biofloc. The total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) count was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in WF300 and WF350 than in the other treatments. The mean effect of the protein levels and carbon source was significantly reported, whereas the highest significant THB count was recorded with 300 dietary protein and using WF as a carbon source. The growth performances of L. vannamei fed with biofloc treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the C450 group. The highest final weight and weight gain were recorded in SB350 treatment. The feed conversion ratio was not affected by reducing dietary protein levels; meanwhile, the protein efficiency ratio increased significantly in biofloc treatments than in the control. Overall, the results demonstrate that, compared to the control treatment of 450 dietary protein, the biofloc treatments using WF as a carbon source could compensate for the reduction in the dietary protein levels in the diet of L. vannamei and maintain higher zootechnical performance.
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Cucumber production is considered a crucial problem under biotic and abiotic stress, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones. The current study investigated the impact of grafted cucumber plants on five cucurbit rootstocks under infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum alone and in combination with heat stress in two different locations (i.e., Kafr El-Sheikh and Sidi Salem) during the year of 2021. The rootstock of VSS-61 F1 displayed the highest level of resistance with values 20.8 and 16.6% for wilt incidence and 79.2 and 83.4% for the wilt reduction, respectively for both locations. This rootstock showed the lowest disease severity of fusarium wilt (15.3 and 12%), and high grafting efficiency (85 and 88%), respectively in both locations. Grafting also improved plant vigor and cucumber production under heat stress (40-43 °C). The rootstocks VSS-61 F1, Ferro and Super Shintoza significantly increased the total yield of cucumber plants compared to non-grafted cucumber and the rootstock Bottle gourd in both locations. Further studies are needed on grafted plants under multiple stresses in terms of plant biological levels, including physiological, biochemical and genetic attributes.
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The importance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) consumption has increased in recent years due to its significant amount of anticarcinogenic and antioxidant compounds, as well as its many vitamins. However, broccoli florets are a highly perishable product which rapidly senesce and turn yellow after harvest, resulting in losses in nutritional and bioactive compounds. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effect of postharvest exogenous of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) and their combination on the quality of broccoli florets stored at 5 °C for 28 days to minimize the rapid senescence of broccoli florets. Samples treated with 2 mM SA alone or in combination with 2% CaCl2 showed lower weight loss and lower losses of chlorophyll content, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, flavonoids, and glucosinolates compared with the control samples. Additionally, antioxidant activity was maintained by either SA or SA + CaCl2 treatments while peroxidase activity was decreased. For higher quality and lower losses in antioxidant compounds of broccoli florets during refrigerated storage at 5 °C, SA + CaCl2 treatment could be helpful for up to 21 days.
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Crops around the world are facing a diversity of environmental problems, of which high temperatures are proving to be the most serious threat to crops. Polyamine putrescine (Put) acts as a master growth regulator that contributes to optimal plant growth and development and increased stress tolerance. Here, the current study aimed to elucidate how Put functions in regulating chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense, as well as to characterize the expression of genes related to heat stress in tomato seedlings under such stress. The results revealed that Put treatment significantly attenuates heat-induced damage by promoting biomass production, increasing photosynthetic efficiency, and inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stress markers. Heat stress markedly decreased the Chl content in the tomato leaf and accelerated the leaf yellowing process. However, Put-treated tomato seedlings showed a higher Chl content, which could be associated with the functions of Put in elevating PBGD activity (Chl biosynthesis enzyme) and suppressing the activity of the Chl catabolic enzyme (Chlase and MDCase). Under high-temperature stress, the expression levels of the gene encoding factors involved in Chl biosynthesis and Chl catabolism were significantly down- and upregulated, respectively, and this trend was reversed in Put-treated heat-stressed seedlings. In addition, exogenous application of Put boosted the activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with the levels of expression of their encoding genes, only in plants that were heat stressed. Furthermore, the expression levels of heat-shock-related genes (HSP90, HSP70, and HsfA1) were elevated in Put-treated, high-temperature-stressed tomato seedlings. Taken together, our results indicate that Put treatment significantly increases the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings, by elevating Chl concentrations and suppressing Chl catabolic enzyme activity, modulating endogenous free PA content, increasing antioxidant defense efficiency, and upregulating the expression of heat-shock-related genes.
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Recently, exogenous α-Lipoic acid (ALA) has been suggested to improve the tolerance of plants to a wide array of abiotic stresses. However, there is currently no definitive data on the role of ALA in wheat plants exposed to sodic alkaline stress. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application by ALA at 0 (distilled water as control) and 20 µM on wheat seedlings grown under sodic alkaline stress (50 mM 1:1 NaHCO3 & Na2CO3; pH 9.7. Under sodic alkaline stress, exogenous ALA significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved growth (shoot fresh and dry weight), chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and Chl a + b, while Chl a/b ratio was not affected. Moreover, leaf relative water content (RWC), total soluble sugars, carotenoids, total soluble phenols, ascorbic acid, K and Ca were significantly increased in the ALA-treated plants compared to the ALA-untreated plants. This improvement was concomitant with reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and H2O2. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) demonstrated greater activity in the ALA-treated plants compared to the non-treated ones. Conversely, proline, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), Na and Na/K ratio were significantly decreased in the ALA-treated plants. Under sodic alkaline stress, the relative expression of photosystem II (D2 protein; PsbD) was significantly up-regulated in the ALA treatment (67% increase over the ALA-untreated plants); while Δ pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter protein of salt overly sensitive gene (SOS1) and tonoplast-localized Na+/H+ antiporter protein (NHX1) were down-regulated by 21, 37 and 53%, respectively, lower than the ALA-untreated plants. These results reveal that ALA may be involved in several possible mechanisms of alkalinity tolerance in wheat plants.
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Abamectin (ABM) is a common agricultural pesticide and veterinary anthelmintic drug. It can discharge from the sites of application to aquatic systems via surface run-off or spray drift, causing harmful effects to aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the protective effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on hemato-biochemical parameters and hepato-renal oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a sublethal dose of ABM. Fish were allocated into six equal groups. The first group was kept as a control group. The second and third groups (Q400, and Q800) were fed diets supplemented with two quercetin levels (400 and 800 mg/kg diet), respectively. The fourth group (ABM) was intoxicated with 20.73 µg/L of ABM. The fifth and sixth groups (ABM + Q400, and ABM + Q800) were fed diet supplemented with two quercetin levels (400 and 800 mg/kg diet) and simultaneously intoxicated with ABM for 60 days. The results showed that ABM significantly decreased RBCs, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, total protein, albumin levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity activities compared to the control. Meanwhile, ABM significantly increased white blood cells, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Liver and kidney levels of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased, while hepato-renal antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, super oxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity) were significantly decreased upon ABM exposure. On the other hand, quercetin dietary supplementation improved the hemato-biochemical alterations and alleviated oxidative stress induced by ABM exposure. Fish supplemented with quercetin at a level of 800 mg/kg diet showed better alleviating effects against ABM compared to 400 mg/kg diet. Based on these study findings, we suggest that quercetin dietary supplementation (800 mg/kg) offered direct protection against ABM-induced physiological disturbance and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia.
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Older age has been shown to adversely impact overall survival (OS) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) however, prior population-based studies did not analyze the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities or were prior to the availability of ibrutinib. OBJECTIVES: i) We sought to compare outcomes of patients based on their age at treatment to examine if older age has an impact on OS in patients who were treated during the period when fludarabine-rituximab was the standard upfront therapy and when ibrutinib was first introduced and ii) compare outcomes based on whether the patient received primary treatment at an academic or community-based centre. METHODS: The BC Provincial CLL Database, a population-based databasewas used to include patients who have received treatment in British Columbia (BC), Canada between 2004 and 2016. RESULTS: A total of 1122 patients were included (<70 years at treatment, n = 589) with median age at diagnosis 66 years. Younger patients had higher Rai stage (55% vs. 44% stage I-II, p < 0.001), higher lymphocyte count at diagnosis (13 × 109/L vs. 10 × 109/L, p = 0.004), greater proportion with B-symptoms at diagnosis (15% vs 10%, p = 0.004), shorter time from diagnosis to treatment (13.9 months vs. 21.4 months, p = 0.001), higher proportion treated at an academic centre (79% vs. 69%, p < 0.001) and more were treated with fludarabine-rituximab or FCR (69% vs. 42%, p < 0.001) compared to older patients. Older patients had both a significantly (p < 0.001) shorter OS from treatment start (4.7 years) and disease specific survival (8.1 years) than younger patients (median OS and DSS not reached). Of interest, there was no difference in OS between patients treated at an academic centre or community centre (p = 0.087). First-line treatment with chemoimmunotherapy improved OS (HR 0.465, 95% CI: 0.381-.567). CONCLUSIONS: Older age but not treatment-institution type adversely impacts overall survival and CLL survival in treated patients in BC.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/mortalidad , Adenina/administración & dosificación , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colombia Británica/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piperidinas/administración & dosificación , Rituximab/administración & dosificación , Vidarabina/administración & dosificación , Vidarabina/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Many patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) become red blood cell (RBC) transfusion dependent (TD), risking iron overload (IOL). Iron chelation therapy (ICT) may decrease the risk of haemosiderosis associated organ dysfunction, though its benefit in PMF is undefined. To assess the effect of TD and ICT on survival in PMF, we retrospectively reviewed 41 patients. Clinical data were collected from the database and by chart review. The median age at PMF diagnosis was 64 (range 43-86) years. Median white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis was 7.6 (range 1.2-70.9) x 10(9)/L; haemoglobin 104 (62-145) G/L; platelets 300 (38-2088) x 10(9)/L. Lille, Strasser, Mayo and International Prognostic System (IPS) scores were: low risk, n = 15, 8, 11, 3; intermediate, n = 15, 19, 9, 16; high, n = 5, 11, 5, 7; respectively. Primary PMF treatment was: supportive care, n = 23; hydroxyurea, n = 10; immunomodulatory, n = 4; splenectomy, n = 2. Sixteen patients were RBC transfusion independent (TI) and 25 TD; of these 10 received ICT for a median of 18.3 (0.1-117) months. Pre-ICT ferritin levels were a median of 2318 (range 263-8400) and at follow up 1571 (1005-3211 microg/L (p = 0.01). In an analysis of TD patients, factors significant for overall survival (OS) were: WBC count at diagnosis (p = 0.002); monocyte count (p = 0.0001); Mayo score (p = 0.05); IPS (p = 0.02); number of RBC units (NRBCU) transfused (p = 0.02) and ICT (p = 0.003). In a multivariate analysis, significant factors were: NRBCU (p = 0.001) and ICT (p = 0.0001). Five year OS for TI, TD-ICT and TD-NO ICT were: 100, 89 and 34%, respectively (p = 0.003). The hazard ratio (HR) for receiving >20 RBCU was 7.6 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 1.2-49.3) and for ICT was 0.15 (0.03-0.77). In conclusion, 61% of PMF patients developed RBC-TD which portended inferior OS; however patients receiving ICT had comparatively improved OS, suggesting a clinical benefit. Prospective studies of IOL and the impact of ICT in PMF are warranted.