The Mediterranean diet in Spain: adherence trends during the past two decades using the Mediterranean Adequacy Index.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to analyse the evolution of the Spanish population's global and regional adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) since 1987. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted analysing food consumption from the Spanish Household Consumption Surveys administered by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. SETTING: The Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) was applied to measure the adherence to the MD. The significance of the MAI trend was evaluated using a regression model. SUBJECTS: The sample comprises a household consumption data set, which consisted of 2500 households in 1987 and increased to 6200 in 2005. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the MAI (P=0.001) during the past two decades in Spanish households. From 1987 to 1997, MD adherence significantly decreased, but since 1998 it appears to have stabilised. In recent years, the daily household availability of several of the food components of the MD has increased. The MAI was observed to be significantly higher during the entire period in some Mediterranean regions, such as Andalusia, and significantly lower in more inland regions, such as Castile-Leon. CONCLUSIONS: During the past two decades, Spain has experienced a significant downward trend in adherence to the predominant dietary pattern, likely as a result of numerous socio-economic changes. However, a stabilisation and a recent slight recovery have been observed during the past decade.

Effects of 6-week whole body vibration training on the reflex response of the ankle muscles: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The ligament sprain of the lateral ankle is the most frequent injury that occurs when participating in sports. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a training method that has been recently introduced as a rehabilitative tool for treatment of athletes. It has been hypothesized that the transmission of mechanical oscillations from the vibrating platform may lead to physiological changes in muscle spindles, joint mechanoreceptors, as well as improve balance. PURPOSE: [corrected] The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 6-week WBV training program on the reflex response mechanism of the peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis (PB) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles in ankle inversion at 30º from horizontal, in a static position. METHODS: This study was a single-blinded and randomized controlled trial. Forty-four healthy, physically active participants were randomly split into two groups: the experimental group (n = 26) (the WBV training) and control group (n = 18). Reaction time (RT), maximum electromyographic (EMG) peak (peak EMG), time to the maximum peak EMG (peak EMG time) and reflex electrical activity of all the muscles were assessed before and after the WBV training through surface EMG. RESULTS: After 6-weeks WBV training, there were no significant changes in the variables analysed for all the muscles involved. CONCLUSION: A 6-week WBV training does not improve the reflex response mechanism of the lateral stabilizing muscles of the ankle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1b.

Características fisiológicas, podológicas y somatométricas del jugador profesional de baloncesto / Physiological, podological and somatometric characteristics of professional basketball player

Introducción: El mejor conocimiento de las demandas morfo-funcionales de los jugadores de baloncesto va a permitir mejorar su rendimiento. Además, la posición en la cancha de juego es otro factor a tener en cuenta, ya que los movimientos y demandas fisiológicas en cada demarcación pueden modificar las capacidades de los jugadores. Por ello, el propósito de este estudio ha sido analizar las características antropométricas, fisiológicas y podológicas de un equipo profesional de baloncesto considerando el puesto de juego que ocupa cada jugador en la cancha. Metodología: Tomaron parte en el estudio 24 jugadores de baloncesto de la liga profesional de baloncesto (ACB).La muestra se dividió en 5 grupos: Bases (n1=5), escoltas(n2=5), aleros (n3=4), ala-pívots (n4=4) y pívots (n5=6),cuya edad media era 25.4 ± 4.8 años; la talla: 198.2 ± 10.5cm, el peso: 97.6 ± 14.4 Kg, el VO2max 47.9 ± 3.5 ml/Kg/min y la frecuencia cardiaca máxima 180 ± 5 ppm. Para el análisis plantar se utilizó una Plataforma de Presiones Footwork Pro, para las mediciones antropométricas se utilizó un tallímetro Seca y un analizador de composición corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica (Inbody 720). El test de VO2max se realizó en un tapiz rodante HP Cosmos Saturn con el analizador de gases CPX Ultima junto con un electrocardiógrafo Wellchalling Cardioperfect para medir la frecuencia cardiaca. Resultados: Existen diferencias significativas en las características antropométricas entre los diferentes grupos en las variables peso, talla, MME, agua celular, proteínas, minerales y peso de las extremidades. Sin embargo, no existen diferencias entre grupos en las variables fisiológicas ni en las podológicas. Conclusiones: En función de la posición del jugador en el terreno de juego existe un perfil antropométrico característico. Sin embargo esto no sucede con las condiciones aeróbicas del jugador ni con la distribución de presiones plantares (AU)

Introduction: A better understanding of the morpho-functionl demands of players will help to improve their performance. The position on the court is another important factor, since the movements and physiological demands on each position can change the capabilities of the players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the anthropometric, physiological and podiatric characteristics in a professional basketball team. Methodology: There are in this study 24 players of professional basketball league ACB. The sample was divided into5 groups: Point guard (n1 = 5), shooting guard (n2 = 5), small forward (n3 = 4), power forward (n4 = 4) and center(n5 = 6). Age: 25.4 ± 4.8 years; Size: 198.2 ± 10.5 cm, Weight: 97.6 ± 14.4 Kg. VO2max 47.9 ± 3.5 ml/Kg/min and maximal hearth rate 180 ± 5 bpm. For the analysis used a Footwork Pro plantar pressures Platform, for anthropometric measures used and an analyzer body composition by bioelectrical impedance (Inbody720).The VO2max test was performed on a Saturn HP Cosmos treadmill with the CPX Ultima gas analyzer and the Well-Challing Cardioperfect ecg. Results: There are significant differences in anthropometric characteristics of different groups in the variables weight, height, muscle mass, cell water, protein, minerals and weight of the limbs. But there are no differences between groups in physiological and plantar pressures variables. Conclusions: Depending on the position occupied by the basketball player in the court there is a characteristic anthropometric profile, however this does not happen in aerobic system or plantar pressures (AU)

Ecografía intervencionista aplicada a una fascitis plantar / Eco-Guided applicated to fascitis plantaris

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Método de diagnóstico y prevención del esguince crónico de tobillo / Diagnosis and prevention method of chronic ankle sprain

Introducción: El esguince del complejo ligamentoso lateral de la articulación del tobillo es la lesión que se produce con más frecuencia durante la práctica deportiva. Se considera fundamental el papel que juega la musculatura que envuelve la articulación en la protección dinámica de la misma. El propósito de este estudio ha sido comparar el tiempo de reacción de los músculos peroneo largo, peroneo corto y tibial anterior en tobillos funcionalmente inestables y en tobillos sanos. Material y método: Muestra: Formaron parte del estudio un total de 33 participantes distribuidos en dos grupos, GI (n =17) con inestabilidad funcional en uno de sus tobillos, y GC (n = 16) con tobillos sanos. Variables: las variables estudiadas fueron el tiempo de reacción de los tres músculos, el pico electromiográfico máximo durante la inversión, el tiempo hasta la consecución de este valor, la activación muscular media enel momento de la inversión y el tiempo que dura la inversión. También se estudiaron las variables antropométricas (talla, peso, masa musculoesquelética, masa grasa, masa musculoesquelética de la pierna estudiada) de los participantes. Protocolo: primero se realizó el test de composición corporal, para posteriormente realizar los test de contracción voluntaria máxima de los tres músculos y finalizar con el test de inversión de tobillo. Resultados: los participantes que pertenecían al GI tuvieron un tiempo de reacción significativamente mayor en los músculos peroneo largo y peroneo corto (57 ms y 57,2 ms respectivamente) que el GC (46,3 ms y 47,6 ms). No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en el músculo tibial anterior. Conclusiones: la inestabilidad funcional del tobillo provoca un aumento en los tiempos de reacción de la musculatura estabilizadora de esta articulación, aumentando el riesgo de padecer una nueva lesión (AU)

Introduction: Ankle sprains are very common during sports and occur most commonly those affecting the lateral ligament complex. Once produced this injury, there is a high probability that symptoms during over time, thus becoming a chronic type injury. It is believed that the stabilizing musculature of the joint must be strong enough to counteract the mechanism of this injury. The aim of this study was to compare the reaction time of the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and tibialis anterior in unstable and healthy functionally ankles. Methods: Subjects: participated in the study a total of 33subjects divided into two groups: GI (n = 17) with instability functional in one of theirs ankles, and GC (n = 16) with healthy ankles. Variables: The variables studied were the reaction time of the three muscles, the maximum peak of EMG during inversion time, the average muscle activation of inversion time and the inversion duration. It examined the anthropometric variables (height, weight, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, leg skeletal muscle mass under study) of the subjects. Protocol: first we made the body composition test, later to perform the of maximum voluntary contraction of the three muscles test and finally the inversion ankle test.Results: GI had a significantly longer reaction time in the peroneus longus and brevis (57 ms and 57.2 ms respectively)than the CG (46.3 ms and 47.6 ms). There were no significant differences in tibialis anterior. Conclusions: functional ankle instability causes an increase in reaction times of the muscle stabilized ankle, increasing the risk of reinjury (AU)