RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The overall objective was to apply the goal attainment scaling (GAS) in neuropsychological rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The specific aims were to evaluate whether (1) GAS-rated goals are attained; (2) attaining goals is related to standardized rehabilitation outcome measures; and (3) GAS-rated goals can be mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). METHOD: 56 relapsing-remitting MS patients received neuropsychological rehabilitation conducted once a week for 13 consecutive weeks. The attainment of GAS-rated personal goals and the association between achievement of goals and standardized rehabilitation outcome were evaluated. Moreover, GAS-rated goals were mapped to the ICF. RESULTS: Median (interquartile range) GAS attainment T-score was 56.0 (50.0-62.0); 88.8% of personal goals set were fully achieved. The attainment of goals was not significantly associated with the outcome in majority of the standardized measures. Of the 182 meaningful concepts identified in the goals, 181 could be mapped to the ICF. CONCLUSIONS: GAS seems to be an appropriate outcome measure in neuropsychological rehabilitation in MS. GAS-rated personal goals were well achieved, and GAS was found to tap changes not covered with standardized outcome measures. Implications for Rehabilitation GAS seems to be an appropriate outcome measure in neuropsychological rehabilitation in MS. GAS-rated personal goals were well achieved, and GAS was found to tap changes in the areas not covered with standardized outcome measures. GAS seems to offer a possibility to take into account the specific needs of each individual patient. The ICF can be used to classify goals in neuropsychological rehabilitation in MS.
Asunto(s)
Logro , Trastornos del Conocimiento/rehabilitación , Objetivos , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Rehabilitación Neurológica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/rehabilitación , Autoinforme , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The present study investigated whether autonomic arousal to direct gaze is related to social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Arousal was measured through skin conductance responses (SCR) while the participants (15 children with ASD and 16 control children) viewed a live face of another person. Impairments in social skills was assessed with the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview. The level of arousal enhancement to direct gaze in comparison to arousal to faces with averted gaze or closed eyes was positively associated with impairments in social skills (use of language and other social communication skills and use of gesture and non-verbal play) among children with ASD. There was no similar association among children without ASD. The role of arousal-related factors in influencing eye contact behaviour in ASD is discussed.