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1.
Appetite ; 137: 47-61, 2019 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30779929

RESUMEN

Visual cues such as plate size, amount of food served and packaging are known to influence the effects of portion size on food intake. Unit bias is a well characterised heuristic and helps to determine consumption norms. In an obesogenic environment where large portions are common place, the unit or segmentation bias may be overridden promoting overconsumption of both amorphous or unit foods. The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of offering unit or amorphous food on the portion size effect (PSE) in children aged 2-12 years. A systematic search for literature was conducted in Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science in February 2018. A total of 1197 papers were retrieved following the searches. Twenty-one papers were included in the systematic review, of which 15 provided requisite statistical information for inclusion in a random effects meta-analysis. Increasing children's food portion size by 51-100% led to a significant increase in intake (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.39-0.55). There was no evidence to suggest that increases in consumption were related to food type (p = 0.33), child age (p = 0.47) or initial portion size served (p=0.14). Residual heterogeneity was not significant (p=0.24). The PSE was demonstrated in children aged 2-12 years when offered both unit and amorphous food items. The effect was not restricted by food type, child age or influenced by initial portion size served. Of the studies included in the meta-analysis between study heterogeneity was low suggesting minimal variation in treatment effects between studies, however, more research is required to understand the mechanisms of the PSE in preschool children. Future research should determine feasible methods to downsize portion sizes served to children.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Alimentos , Tamaño de la Porción , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos
2.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 30(4 Suppl 1): 7-16, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28002895

RESUMEN

Hyaluronan (HA) is central in joint and cartilage functions and to restore synovial fluid viscosity. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), molecular weight (MW) and concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) are reduced, diminishing joint lubrication. IL-1ß treatment was used to mimic osteoarthritis in a chondrocytes based in vitro model. The aim of our research, using this model and human chondrocytes was to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of H/L-HA hybrid complexes (SINOVIAL-HL®) in comparison with HA at high (H-HA) and low molecular weight (L-HA) separately used, through the evaluation of specific biomarkers involved in cartilage degradation and correlated to osteoarthritis. Specifically, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cytokines levels were measured using Bio-plex assays and COMP-2 through immunofluorescence staining and western blot. H/L-HA significantly reduced inflammation biomarkers respect to both L-HA or H-HA separately considered at transcriptional and protein level.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Hialurónico/química , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Cartílago/patología , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/patología , Humanos , Ácido Hialurónico/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/genética , Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/efectos adversos , Interleucina-6/genética , Modelos Biológicos , Peso Molecular , Osteoartritis/inducido químicamente , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética
3.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(1): 691-9, 2015 Jan 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25730006

RESUMEN

Short tandem repeats are used as an effective method to trace DNA markers in genotyping. Using a standardized kit, we tested 11 microsatellite markers recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) in a sample of 495 Sicilian cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the allele frequencies in the Sicilian cattle population to provide a reference database and at the same time to assess the use of the ISAG microsatellite panel for pedigree analysis. DNA samples were collected from blood and amplified in an 11-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR); PCR products were injected in a 3130 Genetic Analyzer. All loci showed high mean polymorphism information content (0.768), and the observed mean heterozygosity was less than the expected value (0.732 vs 0.794, respectively). The exact test for Hardy-Weinberg proportions, allele number, and inbreeding coefficient were calculated. Our results indicated that equilibrium was not always maintained. The observed mean homozygote value exceeded the expected value (132.81 vs 102.14), but no evidence for allele dropout was found. These results could be explained by a non-random mating; further studies using a larger number of animals could confirm or invalidate this hypothesis. The probability of identity and exclusion of a locus were also estimated and proved to be useful in paternity testing. The ISAG microsatellite panel is useful to screen the Sicilian bovine kinship. Currently, an allele frequency database is being constructed.


Asunto(s)
Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Genética de Población , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Animales , Bovinos , Genotipo , Endogamia , Paternidad , Linaje , Sicilia
4.
Int J Obstet Anesth ; 58: 103989, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38614896

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sporadic intracranial vascular malformations can pose significant risk to parturients, and additional reports of management may inform patient care. Here we describe the peripartum management of parturients with intracranial vascular malformations. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective analysis of parturients with a known sporadic intracranial vascular malformation including cavernous malformation, developmental venous anomaly, or arteriovenous malformation who delivered at our institution between 2007 and 2020. RESULTS: We identified 10 parturients (five cavernous malformations, three developmental venous anomalies, and two arteriovenous malformations) with 16 deliveries. Among all deliveries, 13 (81.3%) were cesarean deliveries without trial of labor; 11 of these (84.6%) received a single-shot spinal and two (15.4%) received an epidural for surgical anesthesia. Two deliveries (12.5%) began with attempted trial of labor but ultimately required cesarean delivery for failure to progress; one of these cases received epidural anesthesia and the other received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. One delivery was via spontaneous vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia. Overall, our study's cesarean delivery rate was 93.8% and spontaneous vaginal delivery rate was 6.2%. Three of 16 pregnancies were complicated by seizure, obstructive hydrocephalus, or intracranial hemorrhage. There were no intensive care unit admissions or maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS: In our case series of 16 deliveries, there were no complications directly resulting from neuraxial procedures. It remains unclear whether intracranial developmental venous anomalies or unruptured arteriovenous malformations impart increased risk during pregnancy. Antepartum planning with a multidisciplinary team approach enables risk stratification and optimal management.


Asunto(s)
Anestesia Obstétrica , Cesárea , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Anestesia Obstétrica/métodos , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Anestesia Raquidea/métodos , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Intracraneales/terapia , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Intracraneales/complicaciones , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Adulto Joven
5.
mBio ; 15(7): e0099524, 2024 Jul 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38832792

RESUMEN

Leishmania (L.) infantum is one of the main causative agents of animal and human leishmaniasis across many endemic areas in South America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the genetic diversity of L. infantum circulating in a given endemic area. Here, we investigate this important open question by applying a comparative genomics approach to seven L. infantum isolates from different hosts and Italian regions, including the northern part of the country (Emilia-Romagna, RER), Sicily, and Sardinia, as an initial attempt to explore the breadth of parasite genetic heterogeneity in Italy. Additionally, microsatellite analysis was carried out to compare the isolates from RER with other 70 L. infantum strains from the same region as well as 65 strains belonging to the L. donovani complex from other countries. We revealed important karyotypic instability and identified strain-specific changes in gene dosage, which affected important virulence factors such as amastins and surface antigen-like proteins. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based clustering analysis of these genomes together with over 80 publicly available L. infantum and L. donovani genomes placed the Italian isolates into three geographically distinct clusters within the Mediterranean basin and uncovered three isolates clustering with putative L. infantum/L. donovani hybrids isolated in Cyprus. As judged by microsatellite profiling, these hybrid isolates are representative of a sub-population of parasites circulating in northern Italy that preferentially infect humans but not dogs. Our results place Italy at the crossroads of L. infantum infection in the Mediterranean and call attention to the public health risk represented by the introduction of non-European Leishmania species.IMPORTANCEThis study closes important knowledge gaps with respect to Leishmania (L.) infantum genetic heterogeneity in a given endemic country, as exemplified here for Italy, and reveals genetic hybridization as a main cause for re-emerging human leishmaniasis in northern Italy. The observed high diversity of Leishmania parasites on the Italian peninsula suggests different geographical origins, with genomic adaptation to various ecologies affecting both pathogenicity and transmission potential. This is documented by the discovery of a putative L. infantum/L. donovani hybrid strain, which has been shown to preferentially infect humans but not dogs. Our results provide important information to health authorities, which need to consider the public health risk represented by the introduction of new Leishmania species into EU countries due to population displacement or travel from countries where exotic/allochthonous parasite species are endemic.


Asunto(s)
Genoma de Protozoos , Leishmania donovani , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Italia/epidemiología , Leishmania infantum/genética , Leishmania infantum/clasificación , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Humanos , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Leishmania donovani/genética , Leishmania donovani/clasificación , Leishmania donovani/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Variación Genética , Perros , Genómica , Filogenia , Hibridación Genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Epidemiología Molecular
6.
J Breath Res ; 17(4)2023 08 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37567168

RESUMEN

Solid-phase sorption is widely used for the analysis of gaseous specimens as it allows at the same time to preconcentrate target analytes and store samples for relatively long periods. The addition of internal standards (ISs) in the analytical workflow can greatly reduce the variability of the analyses and improve the reliability of the protocols. In this work, we describe the development and testing of a portable system for the reliable production of gaseous mixture of8D-Toluene in a 1L Silonite canister as well as its reproducible loading into solid-phase sorbing tools as ISs. The portable system was tested using needle trap microextraction, solid-phase extraction, and thin-film microextraction techniques commonly employed for the analysis of gaseous samples. Even though our specific interest is in breath analysis, the system can also be used for the collection of any kind of gaseous specimen. A microcontroller allows the fine control of the sampling flow by a digital mass flow controller. Flow rate and sample volume could be set either through a rotary encoder mounted onto the control board or through a dedicated android app. The variability of the airflow is in the range 5-200 ml min-1and it is lower than 1%, whereas the variability of the IS (8D-Toluene) concentration dispensed over time by the loader measured by selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (MS) is <3%. This combination resulted in intra- and inter-day precision of the amount loaded in the sorbent tools lower than 15%. No carry-over was detected in the loader after the delivery of the8D-Toluene measured by gas chromatography-MS. The8D-Toluene concentration in the canister was stable for up to three weeks at room temperature.


Asunto(s)
Pruebas Respiratorias , Microextracción en Fase Sólida , Humanos , Microextracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Tolueno/análisis , Gases
8.
BJA Educ ; 22(2): 43-51, 2022 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35035992
10.
Gene ; 141(2): 243-8, 1994 Apr 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8163196

RESUMEN

We report the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of DNA derived from a sea urchin genomic clone containing the cell surface Bep4 (butanol-extracted protein 4)-encoding gene. The structural gene is interrupted by four introns and the promoter region contains TATA and CAAT consensus motifs. The transcription start point (tsp) was also determined. Remarkable homologies, between Bep4 and other proteins known to be involved in cell interactions, were observed regarding two potential Ca(2+)-binding sites and the corresponding DNA consensus sequences. We also report the conservation of the bep4 gene and its corresponding Bep4 protein between various sea urchin species by way of Southern and Western blotting.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Erizos de Mar/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Secuencia de Consenso , Genes , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Iniciación de la Cadena Peptídica Traduccional , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , TATA Box
11.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 24(7-8): 1159-67, 1998 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9626570

RESUMEN

It is generally agreed that lipid peroxides play an important role in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced cellular injury and that free sulfhydryl groups are vital in cellular defense against endogenous or exogenous oxidants. It has been observed that oxidative stress induces the synthesis of the 70-kDa family of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Induction of HSPs represents an essential and highly conserved cellular response to a variety of stressful stimuli. In the present study we measured in various brain areas and in liver the intracellular levels of HSP70 proteins, sulfhydryl groups and the antioxidant enzyme status after chronic administration of mild intoxicating doses of ethanol to rats. Expression of HSP70 in response to alcohol administration was particularly high in the hippocampus and striatum. In these brain areas, the increase in HSP70 protein levels occurred in absence of significant changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and was correlated with a marked depletion of intracellular bound thiols and with a decreased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Lower levels of HSP70 induction were found in cortex and cerebellum and were associated to decreases in SOD and CAT enzyme activities, with a lower depletion of protein bound thiols and with an increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. This study agrees with our previous results performed on acute alcohol intoxication and supports the hypothesis that HSP70 induction protects the different brain areas against oxidative stress.


Asunto(s)
Etanol/toxicidad , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Oxidantes/toxicidad , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Lesiones Encefálicas/inducido químicamente , Lesiones Encefálicas/metabolismo , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/lesiones , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre
12.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1026: 139-43, 2004 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15604481

RESUMEN

Leishmaniasis is a typical example of a worldwide diffused zoonosis. Geographic distribution depends on the presence of sand fly vectors and animal reservoirs. In Southern Europe, canines are considered the main reservoir of infection, and the phlebotomines are the vectors. In Sicily, as in all Mediterranean areas, sand flies are present almost all year around because the climate permits an uninterrupted lifecycle for the vectors. Visceral leishmaniasis is becoming a real public health concern especially in endemic areas; in fact, it is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and in HIV-positive subjects. In Italy, the visceral form of the disease is due exclusively to Leishmania infantum ZMON1, and its prevalence is growing. We have developed a highly accurate, reproducible, and sensible real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In a procedure that used a specific couple of primers, a 117-bp fragment was amplified from minicircle kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). The assay was able to detect even a single parasite (200 fg of DNA). In fact, a single parasite contains hundreds of kinetoplast minicircles for each class. We applied a rapid extraction method coupled with the real-time PCR assay. It was not only as sensitive as a conventional PCR assay for detection of Leishmania kDNA, but also more rapid. The assay is useful for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs and humans, and it facilitates the monitoring of parasite levels during pharmacological treatment.


Asunto(s)
ADN Protozoario/análisis , Leishmania infantum/genética , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros , Perros , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
13.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1026: 203-9, 2004 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15604494

RESUMEN

Parasitic egg production was studied in sheep and goats affected by parasitic gastroenteritis. The herds studied were located at different altitudes and in different climatic conditions. Samples were taken every month and the number of eggs per grams of feces was calculated. Observation of preliminary data shows that the maximum peak of egg production was during the winter period, whereas in other countries winter is a period of hypobiosis. This study shows that understanding peak time of infection related to different climatic and environmental conditions will help improve anthelminthic treatments and animal health strategies.


Asunto(s)
Clima , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Nematodos/fisiología , Nematodos/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Animales , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/parasitología , Gastroenteritis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/tratamiento farmacológico , Cabras , Óvulo , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/tratamiento farmacológico
14.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1026: 187-94, 2004 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15604491

RESUMEN

Parasitic gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of productivity loss in sheep and goats. This report records two studies of the helminth fauna from post-mortem examination. The first study, performed on the digestive tract of 72 sheep from a central part of Sicily in a high hill village (1,360 meters above sea level), between April 1996 and March 1997, showed an infection rate of 78%. The second study targeted goats from the western part of Sicily and showed an infection rate of 90%. For sheep, a total of 23 species of helminths were identified belonging to the family of Trichostrongyloidea, with the genera Haemonchus, Ostertagia (Teladorsagia), Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, and Nematodirus; Strongilolidea with the genera Oesophagostomum and Chabertia: Ancylostomidea with Bunostomum; and Tricuridea with Tricuris. Teladorsagia circumcincta was the most common in the sheep abomasum, Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Trichostrongylus spp. in the small intestine, and Chabertia ovina and Trichuris ovis in the large intestine. For goats, a total of 12 species were isolated in the abomasum with Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei the most common species. In the small intestine, five species were isolated and Trichostrongylus capricola was the dominant species. T. ovis and O. venulosum were dominant in large intestine and in the cecum. We also found species belonging to other ruminants such as O. ostertagi (in cattle) and S. kolchida and O. leptospicularis (in wild ruminants).


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis/parasitología , Gastroenteritis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Nematodos/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Nematodos/patología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Animales , Autopsia/veterinaria , Gastroenteritis/patología , Cabras , Ovinos , Sicilia
15.
Int J Dev Neurosci ; 18(8): 743-63, 2000 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11154844

RESUMEN

Recent evidence indicates that astroglial-derived growth factors (GFs) participate in the development of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons, but it is still unknown whether LHRH neurons may exert a reciprocal modulation of glial cell function. Using immortalized hypothalamic LHRH (GT1-1) neurons in co-culture with glial cells, we have recently shown that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays a prominent role in the glial-induced acquisition of the mature LHRH phenotype by GT1-1 cells. We have resorted to this model and combined biochemical and morphological approaches to study whether the response of glial cells to a number of GFs (including bFGF, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF-I, epidermal growth factor, EGF and insulin) expressed during LHRH neuron differentiation, is modulated by co-culture with pure LHRH neurons. Pre-treatment of hypothalamic astrocytes with an inactive ('priming') dose of bFGF for 12 h powerfully increased astroglia proliferative response to IGF-I (10 ng/ml), EGF (10 g/ml) and insulin (10 microg/ml), inducing a 65-100% increase in the [3H]thymidine incorporation compared to untreated cultures. When astroglial cells and developing GT1-1 neurons were co-cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV), the [3H]thymidine incorporation was significantly higher than in astroglial cells cultured without neurons. Application of the different GFs to the co-culture for either 12 or 24 h further stimulated DNA synthesis to various extent according to the GF applied and the time of application. Localization of the proliferating cells by dual immunohistochemical staining, followed by cell counting and bromodeoxiuridine (BrdU) labeling index calculation, revealed that the incorporation of BrdU was restricted to the nuclei of LHRH-immunopositive neurons. Such changes were accompanied by extensive morphological alterations of astroglial and LHRH fiber networks, whereas neutralization of bFGF activity in GT1-1 neuron-glial co-cultures by a bFGF-antibody, dramatically counteracted the observed effects. The functional switch of astroglia proliferative response to GFs coupled to the potent morphological and functional modifications of developing glia and pure LHRH neurons observed in vitro, support a bidirectional interaction between immortalized LHRH neurons and astroglial cells and identify bFGF as a key player in this crosstalk.


Asunto(s)
Astrocitos/citología , Astrocitos/fisiología , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/fisiología , Neuronas/citología , Neuronas/fisiología , Animales , Anticuerpos/farmacología , Astrocitos/química , Comunicación Celular/fisiología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/fisiología , Línea Celular Transformada , ADN/biosíntesis , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/inmunología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/análisis , Hipotálamo/citología , Pruebas de Neutralización , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Timidina/farmacocinética , Tritio
16.
Int J Dev Neurosci ; 11(1): 83-93, 1993 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8488757

RESUMEN

Several age-dependent modifications of inner mitochondrial membrane and synaptosomal plasma membrane proteins from different brain regions of 4-, 12-, 18- and 24-month-old male Wistar rats, were observed. Some proteins, identified by immunoblotting assay as various subunits of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and calmodulin, were particularly impaired. Chronic treatment with CDP-choline at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days caused significant changes in the amounts of several of the above mentioned proteins. Most of the proteins, which decreased during aging, showed a significant increase after CDP-choline treatment compared with the corresponding control values at the same age. The effect of CDP-choline might be due to: the increased availability of cytidylic nucleotides, which in the brain are present in limited amounts compared to the other nucleotides; the increased content of total adenine nucleotides; the improvement of brain energy metabolism.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Química Encefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Citidina Difosfato Colina/farmacología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Sinaptosomas/metabolismo , Animales , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Hipoxia Encefálica/metabolismo , Immunoblotting , Masculino , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sinaptosomas/efectos de los fármacos
17.
Int J Dev Neurosci ; 8(2): 167-74, 1990.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2327288

RESUMEN

Post-translational modifications of chromatin-bound proteins play an important role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Processes such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation may alter the interaction of these proteins with DNA and consequently affect chromatin conformation and the binding of enzymes and other molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. In the present study the process of ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins (histone and non-histone proteins) in some rat brain regions during postnatal development was investigated; also the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on this process in fetal brain slices was studied. It has been found that the process of ADP-ribosylation of total histones extracted from rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum at 1, 10 and 30 days of age, increases from 1 to 10 days of age (i.e. the period of maximal cell proliferation) and decreases thereafter, while the process of ADP-ribosylation of non-histone proteins (NHPs) sharply decreases during the same developmental period. The addition of EGF to fetal brain slices causes a significant increase of ADP-ribosylation of total histones (particularly of the histone H1 fraction) and also of NHPs and microsomal proteins. This result is in agreement with the effect of EGF as a mitogen factor, previously shown in astroglial cell cultures.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Difosfato Ribosa/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas Cromosómicas no Histona/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/farmacología , Histonas/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Embrión de Mamíferos , Técnicas In Vitro , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas
18.
Biotechnol Prog ; 17(6): 1008-13, 2001.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11735433

RESUMEN

The activity and stability of beta-lactamase from Citrobacter diversus ULA-27 have been investigated in the presence of different ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. All the sulfobetaine surfactants tested allow the enzyme to retain its full activity, but the best stabilizing effect is greatly dependent on their structure. Very little variations on the monomer headgroup can significantly reduce enzyme deactivation or speed up the loss of activity with respect to buffer alone. The whole hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance on the headgroup seems to have a determining role in preserving beta-lactamase activity and structure. The presence of zwitterionic surfactants stabilizes the protein conformation toward denaturation by urea and low-temperature inactivation. Similar experiments were performed in the presence of other two zwitterionic surfactants, an amine oxide, dimethylmyristylamine oxide (DMMAO) and a carboxybetaine, cetyldimethylammonium methanecarboxylate (CB1-16). The former stabilizes the enzyme even better than the sulfobetaines, the latter quickly deactivates it. Therefore, the factors responsible for beta-lactamase stabilization are dependent not only on the zwitterionic nature of the surfactant headgroup but also specific interactions between the surfactant and the protein may be important.


Asunto(s)
Betaína/análogos & derivados , Citrobacter/enzimología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Tensoactivos/farmacología , Inhibidores de beta-Lactamasas , Betaína/química , Betaína/farmacología , Citrobacter/genética , Estabilidad de Enzimas/efectos de los fármacos , Calor , Cinética , Micelas , Desnaturalización Proteica , Sales (Química) , Soluciones , Urea/química , beta-Lactamasas/química , beta-Lactamasas/aislamiento & purificación
19.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr ; 22 Suppl 1: 509-13, 1996.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18653086

RESUMEN

The levels of subunits I, II/III, and IV of cytochrome c oxidase and of subunits alpha, beta and gamma of F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase in inner mitochondrial membrane proteins purified from cerebral cortex of rat at 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 26 months of age were analyzed by Western blot. Age-related changes in the content of subunits, encoded either in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, were observed.

20.
Parassitologia ; 41 Suppl 1: 69-72, 1999 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11071548

RESUMEN

Theileriosis is an infectious disease in tropical countries and in the Mediterranean area. It is caused by Theileria, a haemoprotozoan, transmitted by vectors belonging to the Ixodidae. In Southern Italy and in Sicily the infection is due mainly to T. annulata, but in some cases other species are involved in the disease. The authors describe a method to identify theileriosis in cattle blood samples, using PCR and hybridization techniques. Different primer sets were used to amplify different DNA target sequences, both genus and species specific. Blood samples from cattle were collected in Sicily. The DNA extracted from blood samples was employed first to detect the presence of the 18S ribosomal subunit gene specific for Theileria genus. Successively the positive samples were analysed to identify the species, T. annulata or T. buffeli/orientalis, using as target sequences for amplification respectively a fragment of the TAMS-1 and p33/34 antigens gene. Here the authors describe for the first time the presence of T. buffeli/orientalis infection in Sicilian herds. In fact 66% of positive blood samples were T. buffeli/orientalis infected.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Theileria/clasificación , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Animales , Southern Blotting/veterinaria , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar/veterinaria , Sicilia/epidemiología , Theileria/genética , Theileriosis/diagnóstico , Theileriosis/parasitología
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