Correlation between Very Short and Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability in Diabetic-Hypertensive and Healthy Subjects.

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) variability can be evaluated by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (24h-ABPM), but its concordance with results from finger BP measurement (FBPM) has not been established yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare parameters of short-term (24h-ABPM) with very short-term BP variability (FBPM) in healthy (C) and diabetic-hypertensive (DH) subjects. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 51 DH subjects and 12 C subjects who underwent 24h-ABPM [extracting time-rate, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV)] and short-term beat-to-beat recording at rest and after standing-up maneuvers [FBPM, extracting BP and heart rate (HR) variability parameters in the frequency domain, autoregressive spectral analysis]. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate BP and HR variability parameters obtained from both FBPM and 24h-ABPM (divided into daytime, nighttime, and total). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There was a circadian variation of BP levels in C and DH groups; systolic BP and time-rate were higher in DH subjects in all periods evaluated. In C subjects, high positive correlations were shown between time-rate index (24h-ABPM) and LF component of short-term variability (FBPM, total, R = 0.591, p = 0.043); standard deviation (24h-ABPM) with LF component BPV (FBPM, total, R = 0.608, p = 0.036), coefficient of variation (24h-ABPM) with total BPV (FBPM, daytime, -0.585, p = 0.046) and alpha index (FBPM, daytime, -0.592, p = 0.043), time rate (24h-ABPM) and delta LF/HF (FBPM, total, R = 0.636, p = 0.026; daytime R = 0,857, p < 0.001). Records obtained from DH showed weak positive correlations. CONCLUSIONS: Indices obtained from 24h-ABPM (total, daytime) reflect BP and HR variability evaluated by FBPM in healthy individuals. This does not apply for DH subjects.

Correlation between Very Short and Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability in Diabetic-Hypertensive and Healthy Subjects / Correlação entre a Variabilidade da Pressão Arterial de Muito Curto Prazo e Curto Prazo em Indivíduos Diabéticos-Hipertensos e Saudáveis

Abstract Background: Blood pressure (BP) variability can be evaluated by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (24h-ABPM), but its concordance with results from finger BP measurement (FBPM) has not been established yet. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare parameters of short-term (24h-ABPM) with very short-term BP variability (FBPM) in healthy (C) and diabetic-hypertensive (DH) subjects. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 51 DH subjects and 12 C subjects who underwent 24h-ABPM [extracting time-rate, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV)] and short-term beat-to-beat recording at rest and after standing-up maneuvers [FBPM, extracting BP and heart rate (HR) variability parameters in the frequency domain, autoregressive spectral analysis]. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate BP and HR variability parameters obtained from both FBPM and 24h-ABPM (divided into daytime, nighttime, and total). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: There was a circadian variation of BP levels in C and DH groups; systolic BP and time-rate were higher in DH subjects in all periods evaluated. In C subjects, high positive correlations were shown between time-rate index (24h-ABPM) and LF component of short-term variability (FBPM, total, R = 0.591, p = 0.043); standard deviation (24h-ABPM) with LF component BPV (FBPM, total, R = 0.608, p = 0.036), coefficient of variation (24h-ABPM) with total BPV (FBPM, daytime, -0.585, p = 0.046) and alpha index (FBPM, daytime, -0.592, p = 0.043), time rate (24h-ABPM) and delta LF/HF (FBPM, total, R = 0.636, p = 0.026; daytime R = 0,857, p < 0.001). Records obtained from DH showed weak positive correlations. Conclusions: Indices obtained from 24h-ABPM (total, daytime) reflect BP and HR variability evaluated by FBPM in healthy individuals. This does not apply for DH subjects.

Resumo Fundamento: A variabilidade da pressão arterial (PA) pode ser avaliada por meio da monitorização ambulatorial da PA em 24 horas (MAPA-24h), mas sua concordância com os resultados da medição da PA digital (MPAD) ainda não foi estabelecida. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os parâmetros da variabilidade a curto prazo (MAPA-24h) com a variabilidade da PA a muito curto prazo (MPAD) em sujeitos saudáveis (C) e diabéticos-hipertensos (DH). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 51 sujeitos DH e 12 sujeitos C que se submeteram a MAPA-24h [extraindo time rate, desvio padrão (SD) e coeficiente de variação (CV)] e registro batimento-a-batimento em repouso e após manobra de manobra de ortostatismo ativo [MPAD, extraindo parâmetros de variabilidade da PA e da frequência cardíaca (FC) no domínio da frequência, análise espectral por modelagem autoregressiva]. O coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman foi utilizado para correlacionar os parâmetros de variabilidade de PA e FC obtidos tanto da MPAD quanto da MAPA-24h (dividida em dia, noite e total). A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0.05. Resultados: Houve uma variação circadiana dos níveis de PA nos grupos C e DH; A PA sistólica e a taxa de tempo foram maiores em indivíduos DH em todos os períodos avaliados. Em indivíduos C, foram apresentadas altas correlações positivas entre o índice de taxa de tempo (MAPA-24h) e o componente de baixa frequência (LF, do inglês low frequency) da variabilidade de curto prazo (MPAD, total, R = 0,591, p = 0,043); desvio padrão (MAPA-24h) com o componente de LF VPA (MPAD, total, R = 0,608, p = 0,036), coeficiente de variação (24h-ABPM) com VPA total (MPAD, dia, -0,585, p = 0,046) e índice alfa (MPAD, dia, -0,592, p = 0,043), taxa de tempo (MAPA-24h) e delta LF/HF (MPAD, total, R = 0,636, p = 0,026; dia R = 0,857, p < 0,001). Os registros obtidos dos pacientes DH apresentaram correlações positivas fracas. Conclusões: Os índices obtidos a partir da MAPA-24h (total, durante o dia) refletem a variabilidade da PA e da FC avaliada pela MPAD em indivíduos saudáveis, o que não se aplica a indivíduos DH.

Minimal cold knife conization height for high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between cold-knife conization specimen height, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II/III) size and endocervical margin involvement by CIN II/II. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed. Cold knife cone specimens with a diagnosis of CIN II/III were selected. Epidemiological data and pathology reports were obtained through a chart review. All samples from each cone specimen showing CIN II/III and the squamocolumnar junction were selected. Cone height (mean ± standard deviation), intraepithelial lesion size, and size of endocervical surgical margins were measured. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-seven samples were analyzed from 97 cone specimens. Section size ranged from 3.4 to 29.7 mm, tumor size from 0.3 to 17.5mm, and tumor distance from the endocervical margin, from 0.0 to 22.0mm. Age and parity were similar in the positive vs. negative margin groups (37.6 ± 10.0 years vs. 37.7 ± 11.9 years respectively, p=0.952, and 2.2 ± 1.7 births vs. 2.6 ± 1.9 births respectively, p=0.804), whereas cone height (22.4 ± 6.9 mm vs. 17.1 ± 5.6mm, p=0.013) and tumor size (6.12 ± 3.25 mm vs. 10.6 ± 4.45 mm, p<0.001) were significantly different in negative vs. positive margin groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Use of cone height to identify the likelihood of negative margins enables better estimation of the risk-benefit ratio of greater risks of bleeding, stenosis, and obstetric complications (cervical incompetence) versus greater risks of residual and recurrent disease.