Equitable Access to Antibiotics: A Core Element and Shared Global Responsibility for Pandemic Preparedness and Response.

Securing equitable antibiotic access as an essential component for health system resilience and pandemic preparedness requires a systems perspective. This article discusses key components that need to be coordinated and paired with adequate financing and resources to ensure antibiotic effectiveness as a global public good, which should be central while discussing a new global agreement.

A three-dimensional conductive cross-linked all-carbon network hybrid as a sulfur host for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, as one of the most promising energy storage devices, have attracted widespread attentions due to their high theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness. However, the commercialized application of Li-S batteries is still restricted by several problems, including the dissolution of polysulfides in electrolyte and low conductivity of sulfur. Herein, a three-dimensional conductive cross-linked all-carbon network as a host matrix of sulfur is rationally designed and constructed using biomass silkworm faeces derived porous carbon (SFPC), reduction graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a one-pot heat treatment approach. Meanwhile, it is found that the amounts of rGO and CNTs added have a great influence on the electrochemical properties of electrode. The optimum contents of CNTs and GO were explored, which are both 5% (the as-prepared material denoted as 55-PGC@SFPC). The obtained 55-PGC@SFPC/S with high content sulfur of 70% as a cathode of Li-S batteries exhibits the initial discharge capacity of 1354 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capacity of 478 mAh g-1 at 3 C, admirable long-term cycling stability with a high reversible capacity of 414 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles and low capacity decay rate of 0.035% per cycle. The designed three-dimensional network structure could lead to a quick diffusion of Li+/e- and a good impeding effect for polysulfides dissolution, which is beneficial for developing the advanced energy storage device of Li-S batteries.

Concentration-Response Relationship between PM2.5 and Daily Respiratory Deaths in China: A Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis of Time-Series Studies.

The association between the particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and daily respiratory deaths, particularly the concentration-response pattern, has not been fully examined and established in China. We conducted a systematic review of time-series studies to compile information on the associations between PM2.5 concentration and respiratory deaths and used metaregression to assess the concentration-response relationship. Out of 1,957 studies screened, eleven articles in English and two articles in Chinese met the eligibility criteria. For single-day lags, per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with 0.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.50] percent increase in daily respiratory deaths; for multiday lags, the corresponding increase in respiratory deaths was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.83) percent. Difference in the effects was observed between the northern cities and the south cities in China. No statistically significant concentration-response relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and their effects was found. With increasingly wider location coverage for PM2.5 data, it is crucial to further investigate the concentration-response pattern of PM2.5 effects on respiratory and other cause-specific mortality for the refinement and adaptation of global and national air quality guidelines and targets.