Chromosomal Mapping of Rex Retrotransposons in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) Exposed to Three Climate Change Scenarios.

Greenhouse gas emissions are known to influence the planet's temperature, mainly due to human activities. To allow hypothesis testing, as well as to seek viable alternatives for mitigation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested 3 main scenarios for changes projected for the year 2100. In this paper, we subjected Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (tambaqui) individuals in a microcosm to IPCC scenarios B1 (mild), A1B (intermediate), and A2 (extreme) to test possible impacts on their genome. We found chromosome heterochromatinization in specimens exposed to the A2 scenario, where terminal blocks and interstitial bands were detected on several chromosome pairs. The behavior of Rex1 and Rex3 sequences differed between the test scenarios. Hybridization of Rex1 resulted in diffuse signals which showed a gradual increase in the tested scenarios. For Rex3, an increase was observed in the A2 scenario with blocks on several chromosomes, some of which coincided with heterochromatin. Heterochromatinization is an epigenetic process, which may have occurred as a mechanism for regulating Rex3 activity. The signal pattern of Rex6 did not change, suggesting that other mechanisms are acting to regulate its activity.

Cytogenetic Characterization of Two Metynnis Species (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) Reveals B Chromosomes Restricted to the Females.

Karyotypes and chromosomal characteristics with focus on B chromosomes of 2 species of the serrasalmid genus Metynnis, namely M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus, were examined using conventional (C-banding) and molecular (FISH mapping of minor and major rDNAs and Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements) protocols. Both species possessed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 62 and karyotypes composed of 32 metacentric + 28 submetacentric + 2 subtelocentric and 32 metacentric + 26 submetacentric + 4 subtelocentric, respectively; one small B element was found in the female genome of M. lippincottianus. C-banding revealed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric and terminal portions of all chromosomes of both species; the B chromosome was entirely heterochromatic. FISH showed 18S rDNA sites in 2 chromosome pairs in both species (pairs 19 and 22), and a large block in the B chromosome, while 5S rDNA signals were detected in the first pair of subtelocentric chromosomes in both species, moreover in M. maculatus an additional labeled pair 4 was observed. Mapping of the Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements in the genomes of M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus indicated that they were dispersed throughout nearly all the chromosomes of the complement, except for the B chromosome of M. lippincottianus.

Chromosomal Mapping of Transposable Elements of the Rex Family in the Bristlenose Catfish, Ancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), from the Amazonian Region.

Repetitive DNA sequences are present in the genome of basically every known organism, and transposable elements (TE) are one of the most representative sequences involved in chromosomal rearrangements and the genomic evolution of eukaryotes. In fish, the non-LTR retrotransposon TEs, Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6, are widely distributed in fish genomes and are the best-characterized TEs in several species. In the current study, three of these retroelements were physically mapped, through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), in 7 species (71 specimens) of the genus Ancistrus, known as bristlenose catfish: Ancistrus ranunculus, Ancistrus sp. 1 "Purus," Ancistrus sp. 2 "Catalão," Ancistrus dolichopterus, Ancistrus maximus, Ancistrus aff. dolichopterus, and Ancistrus dubius. Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 showed a cluster distribution, mainly in the terminal and pericentromeric portions, in heterochromatic and euchromatic regions, and did not occur in sexual chromosomes; however, the number and position of the clusters varied between species. This TE distribution suggests its implication in the karyotypic evolution of these species, without affecting the rise of sexual chromosome systems in Ancistrus, in view of their chromosomal variation.

Chromosome mapping of repetitive sequences in four Serrasalmidae species (Characiformes).

The Serrasalmidae family is composed of a number of commercially interesting species, mainly in the Amazon region where most of these fishes occur. In the present study, we investigated the genomic organization of the 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric sequences in mitotic chromosomes of four species from the basal clade of the Serrasalmidae family: Colossoma macropomum, Mylossoma aureum, M. duriventre, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, in order to understand the chromosomal evolution in the family. All the species studied had diploid numbers 2n = 54 and exclusively biarmed chromosomes, but variations of the karyotypic formulas were observed. C-banding resulted in similar patterns among the analyzed species, with heterochromatic blocks mainly present in centromeric regions. The 18S rDNA mapping of C. macropomum and P. mesopotamicus revealed multiple sites of this gene; 5S rDNA sites were detected in two chromosome pairs in all species, although not all of them were homeologs. Hybridization with a telomeric probe revealed signals in the terminal portions of chromosomes in all the species and an interstitial signal was observed in one pair of C. macropomum.

Microplastic pollution in the Amazon Basin: Current scenario, advances and perspectives.

The presence of microplastics (MPs) has been reported in ecosystems in the most different regions of the world and rivers have been identified as one of the main means of transporting this debris to oceans. Recent research shows microplastic deposition and accumulation in the Amazon Basin and, despite being scarce, microplastic pollution is ubiquitous in the region. Of the 9 countries that make up the Amazon Basin, only Brazil, Guyana, Ecuador and Peru have published on the topic, with the main focus on biota (58 %). Several Amazon regions such as Northern Amazon in the Far North of Brazil still have no evidence of microplastic pollution with published data. MP abundance ranges from 5 to 74,500 MPs m-3 for waters, 0 to 8178 MPs kg-1 for sediment and 0.34 to 38.3 MPs individual-1 for biota, with nanoplastic scale (<100 µm) in the sediment. Blue and colorless are the predominant colors, mainly from secondary sources (fibers and fragments). The most commonly found polymers are polyamide, polyethyleneterephthalate and polypropylene. Microplastic abundance in aquatic systems is higher than that found in other rivers, such as the Guayas in Ecuador, the Magdalena, in Colombia and the Surabaya in Indonesia and are similar to regions with intense anthropogenic activity such as the Guanabara Bay - Brazil and the Yellow River in China. The precarious basic sanitation structure, urban planning, waste management, combined with the extensive network of navigable waters, are aggravating factors for the increase in plastic pollution in the region. It is necessary to increase research investment on the topic, considering MP quantification, impacts and the relationship with the hydrosedimentological dynamics of the Amazon Basin. The creation and enforcement of laws that minimize the accumulation of these materials is emerging, besides the development of the bioeconomy and sustainable proposals to minimize plastic pollution in the Amazon.

Comparative cytogenetics of Serrasalmidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): The relationship between chromosomal evolution and molecular phylogenies.

Serrasalmidae has high morphological and chromosomal diversity. Based on molecular hypotheses, the family is currently divided into two subfamilies, Colossomatinae and Serrasalminae, with Serrasalminae composed of two tribes: Myleini (comprising most of pacus species) and Serrasalmini (represented by Metynnis, Catoprion, and remaining piranha's genera). This study aimed to analyze species of the tribes Myleini (Myloplus asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, M. schomburgki, and Tometes camunani) and Serrasalmini (Metynnis cuiaba, M. hypsauchen, and M. longipinnis) using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques in order to understand the chromosomal evolution of the family. The four species of the genus Myloplus and T. camunani presented 2n = 58 chromosomes, while the species of Metynnis presented 2n = 62 chromosomes. The distribution of heterochromatin occurred predominantly in pericentromeric regions in all species. Tometes camunani and Myloplus spp. presented only one site with 5S rDNA. Multiple markers of 18S rDNA were observed in T. camunani, M. asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, and M. schomburgkii. For Metynnis, however, synteny of the 18S and 5S rDNA was observed in the three species, in addition to an additional 5S marker in M. longipinnis. These data, when superimposed on the phylogeny of the family, suggest a tendency to increase the diploid chromosome number from 54 to 62 chromosomes, which occurred in a nonlinear manner and is the result of several chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, the different karyotype formulas and locations of ribosomal sequences can be used as cytotaxonomic markers and assist in the identification of species.

Doença Celíaca: Desvelando Histórias / Celiac Disease: Unveiling Stories / Enfermedad Celíaca: Desvelando Historias

Objetivo: explorar o impacto da doença celíaca no bem-estar e no desenvolvimento de crianças, conforme percebido por suas mães, participantes do grupo "Criança Celíaca" no Facebook. Método: Estudo qualitativo, utilizando o método de história oral. A pesquisa centraliza a questão: Como a doença celíaca influencia a qualidade de vida e a saúde durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil? Seis mães foram escolhidas com base em critérios de inclusão específicos e concordaram em participar do estudo. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas gravadas no Zoom e analisados por meio de transcrição, agrupamento e categorização dos depoimentos. Resultados:Os achados são divididos em sete categorias: experiências de crianças com doença celíaca; impacto na qualidade de vida, crescimento e desenvolvimento; interações em eventos sociais; experiências escolares; emoções diante da doença; e necessidades das famílias afetadas. Conclusão: O estudo revela a necessidade de maior envolvimento dos profissionais de enfermagem neste campo, enfatizando a importância do papel ativo dos pais na garantia da qualidade de vida de crianças celíacas

Objective: to explore the impact of celiac disease on the well-being and development of children as perceived by their mothers, members of the "CeliacChild" group on Facebook. Method:This qualitative study, employing oral history methodology. The research focuses on the question: How does celiac disease affect the quality of life and health during childhood growth and development? Six mothers were selected based on specific inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected through interviews recorded on Zoom and analyzed through transcription, grouping, and categorization of the testimonies. Results:The findings are divided into seven categories: experiences of children with celiac disease; impact on quality of life, growth, and development; interactions at social events; school experiences; emotions in the face of the disease; and the needs of affected families. Conclusion:The study highlights the need for greater involvement of nursing professionals in this field, emphasizing the importance of parents' active role in ensuring the quality of life of children with celiac disease

Objetivo: explorar el impacto de la enfermedad celíaca en el bienestar y desarrollo de los niños, según lo percibido por sus madres, integrantes del grupo "Niño Celíaco" en Facebook. Método:Este estudio cualitativo, utilizando el método de historia oral. La investigación se centra en la pregunta: ¿Cómo afecta la enfermedad celíaca a la calidad de vida y la salud durante el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil? Se seleccionaron seis madres basadas en criterios específicos de inclusión y acordaron participar en el estudio. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas grabadas en Zoom y se analizaron mediante transcripción, agrupación y categorización de los testimonios. Resultados:Los hallazgos se dividen en siete categorías: experiencias de niños con enfermedad celíaca; impacto en la calidad de vida, crecimiento y desarrollo; interacciones en eventos sociales; experiencias escolares; emociones frente a la enfermedad; y las necesidades de las familias afectadas. Conclusión:El estudio resalta la necesidad de una mayorimplicación de los profesionales de enfermería en este campo, enfatizando la importancia del rol activo de los padres en garantizar la calidad de vida de los niños celíacos.

NFκB pathway analysis: An approach to analyze gene co-expression networks employing feedback cycles.

The genes of the NFκB pathway are involved in the control of a plethora of biological processes ranking from inhibition of apoptosis to metastasis in cancer. It has been described that Gliobastoma multiforme (GBM) patients carry aberrant NFκB activation, but the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we present a NFκB pathway analysis in tumor specimens of GBM compared to non-neoplasic brain tissues, based on the different kind of cycles found among genes of a gene co-expression network constructed using quantized data obtained from the microarrays. A cycle is a closed walk with all vertices distinct (except the first and last). Thanks to this way of finding relations among genes, a more robust interpretation of gene correlations is possible, because the cycles are associated with feedback mechanisms that are very common in biological networks. In GBM samples, we could conclude that the stoichiometric relationship between genes involved in NFκB pathway regulation is unbalanced. This can be measured and explained by the identification of a cycle. This conclusion helps to understand more about the biology of this type of tumor.

Atividade física: a importância dessa pratica no envelhecimento / Physical activity: the importance of this practice in aging / Actividad física: la importancia de esta práctica en el envejecimiento

Objetivo: descrever a importância da atividade física no envelhecimento. Método: abordagem qualitativa e o método de revisão bibliográfica integrativa. A coleta dos dados deu-se em literatura nacional indexada no banco de dados da Scielo. Foram analisados 16 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: evidenciou-se que a realização de atividade física, sem dúvida age diretamente na esfera biológica do envelhecimento, trazendo benefícios aos sistemas que se comprometem na terceira idade, dentre esses se podem citar o controle da pressão arterial, a melhora da capacidade cardiovascular, respiratória, amplitude da mobilidade, menor risco de doenças, e a prevenção de alguns tipos de câncer. Conclusão: O enfermeiro da atenção básica pode se atribuir de várias metodologias de trabalho, como a formação de grupos, onde ele, articulando-se com a equipe multiprofissional, pode desenvolver tanto para os cuidadores quanto para os idosos, ações reflexivas e motivadoras, que os possibilite perceberem o envelhecimento como um processo benigno e não patológico.

Objective: To describe the importance of physical activity in aging. Method: Qualitative approach and the integrative literature review method. Data collection took place in national literature indexed in the Scielo database. 16 articles that met the previously established inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: It was evidenced that the practice of physical activity undoubtedly acts directly on the biological sphere of aging, bringing benefits to the systems that are compromised in old age, among these can be mentioned the control of blood pressure, improvement of cardiovascular and respiratory capacity, mobility, lower risk of disease, and the prevention of some types of cancer. Conclusion: The basic care nurse can assume various work methodologies, such as the formation of groups, where he or she, working together with the multidisciplinary team, can develop both for carers and the elderly, reflective and motivating actions that enable them to perceive aging as a benign and non-pathological process.

Objetivo: Describir la importancia de la actividad física en el envejecimiento. Método: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y un método de revisión bibliográfica integrador. La recolección de datos se realizó en la literatura nacional indexada en la base de datos de SciELO. Se analizaron 16 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión previamente establecidos. Resultados: Se evidenció que la realización de actividad física actúa directamente en la esfera biológica del envejecimiento, trayendo beneficios a los sistemas comprometidos en la tercera edad. Entre ellos, se puede mencionar el control de la presión arterial, la mejora de la capacidad cardiovascular, la respiración, la amplitud de movilidad, un menor riesgo de enfermedades y la prevención de algunos tipos de cáncer. Conclusión: El enfermero de atención primaria puede utilizar diversas metodologías de trabajo, como la formación de grupos, en conjunto con el equipo multidisciplinario, para desarrollar acciones reflexivas y motivadoras para los cuidadores y los ancianos, permitiéndoles percibir el envejecimiento como un proceso benigno en lugar de patológico.

Fatores de risco pré-natais e perinatais de mães que tiveram partos prematuros / Prenatal and perinatal risk factors of mothers who had preterm births / Factores de riesgo prenatales y perinatales de madres que tuvieron partos prematuros

Objetivo: caracterizar a prevalência dos fatores de risco maternos, pré-natais e perinatais, bem como o suporte familiar recebido pela mãe durante a gestação, e verificar se estes estão ou não associados aos nascimentos prematuros. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e retrospectivo, realizado em uma universidade do Distrito Federal. As coletas de dados foram realizadas em 2021 e 2022 por meio de questionários aplicados a 22 mães de bebês prematuros que atenderam aos seguintes critérios: terem dado à luz a bebês nascidos com 37 semanas ou menos e terem concordado voluntariamente em responder ao questionário. Resultados: Foi observada uma prevalência de mães com idade entre 18 e 29 anos (50%), pardas (54,54%), sem histórico de parto prematuro anterior (72,80%), com gestação única (81,81%), realizando entre 7 e 10 consultas pré-natais (45,40%), sem realizar fisioterapia pélvica (86,36%) ou exercícios físicos durante a gestação (86,36%). De acordo com a escala Apgar familiar, essas mães possuem uma família altamente funcional (81,81%). Conclusão: Os dados analisados indicam que as mães avaliadas têm uma família funcional e recebem um suporte familiar adequado. No entanto, algumas variáveis maternas, como etnia, tipo de gravidez, idade, prática de exercícios físicos e realização de fisioterapia pélvica, podem ter influência no nascimento de bebês prematuros.

Objective: to characterize the prevalence of maternal, prenatal, and perinatal risk factors, as well as family support received during pregnancy, and investigate their association with premature births. Method: This cross- sectional, quantitative, and retrospective study was conducted at a university in the Federal District. Data was collected in 2021 and 2022 through a questionnaire administered to 22 mothers of preterm infants who met the following criteria: being mothers of babies born at 37 weeks or less and voluntarily agreeing to respond to the questionnaire. Results: The majority of the mothers were aged between 18 and 29 years (50%), were of brown ethnicity (54.54%), had no history of previous premature birth (72.80%), had a single pregnancy (81.81%), had 7 to 10 prenatal consultations (45.40%), did not undergo pelvic physiotherapy (86.36%), or participate in physical exercises during pregnancy (86.36%). According to the family Apgar scale, these mothers had highly functional families (81.81%). Conclusion: The analyzed data indicate that the evaluated mothers have functional families with adequate family support. However, certain maternal variables, such as ethnicity, type of pregnancy, age, and practice of physical exercises, may influence the risk of preterm birth.

Objetivo: caracterizar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo maternos, prenatales y perinatales, y el apoyo familiar recibido durante el embarazo, e investigar su asociación con los partos prematuros. Método: Este estudio transversal, cuantitativo y retrospectivo se llevó a cabo en una universidad del Distrito Federal. Se recopiló información en 2021 y 2022 mediante un cuestionario administrado a 22 madres de bebés prematuros que cumplían con los siguientes criterios: ser madres de bebés nacidos a las 37 semanas de gestación o menos y estar dispuestas a responder voluntariamente el cuestionario. Resultados: Predominaron las madres de 18 a 29 años (50%), mestizas (54,54%), sin antecedentes de parto prematuro previo (72,80%), con embarazo único (81,81%), con 7 a 10 consultas prenatales (45,40%), que no recibieron fisioterapia pélvica (86,36%), ni realizaron ejercicios físicos durante el embarazo (86,36%). Según la escala de Apgar familiar, estas madres tenían familias altamente funcionales (81,81%). Conclusión: Los datos analizados indican que las madres evaluadas tienen familias funcionales y apoyo familiar adecuado. Sin embargo, ciertas variables maternas, como la etnia, el tipo de embarazo, la edad y la práctica de ejercicios físicos o la fisioterapia pélvica pueden influir en el riesgo de parto prematuro

Sentimentos vivenciados pela mulher acerca da sexualidade no período do climatério / Feelings experienced by women about sexuality in the climacteric period / Sentimientos experimentados por las mujeres sobre la sexualidad en el período climatérico

Objetivo: descrever os sentimentos vivenciados pela mulher acerca da sexualidade no período do climatério. Método: O percurso metodologia deu-se por abordagem qualitativa e método de história oral conforme pressupostos de Halbwachs. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 6 mulheres com idade acima de 45 anos e que receberam nomes fictícios de flores como forma de manter o anonimato das mesmas. Resultados: Os relatos deram origem a 3 categorias e 4 subcategorias conforme a seguir: Mudanças fisiológicas, Mudanças na sexualidade, Desejo sexual, Desempenho sexual, Prazer sexual, Vivência da sexualidade e Necessidade da sexualidade. Conclusão: As dificuldades em lidar com os sintomas do climatério sinaliza a necessidade de criar políticas públicas de saúde, onde profissionais da saúde possam disponibilizar conhecimento em forma de vivencias, materiais e divulgação do que pode ser feito para acompanhar mulheres nesse período. Os profissionais da saúde precisam estar mais atentos para atuar junto às mulheres em crise e desenvolver ações que visem à apropriação do conhecimento e do bem-estar, bem como o desenvolvimento pessoal, para que possam usar mecanismos de enfrentamento eficazes a fim de superar as modificações e os conflitos causados pelo climatério.

Objective: to describe the feelings experienced by women about sexuality in the climacteric period. Method: The methodological course took place through a qualitative approach and oral history method according to Halbwachs assumptions. Results: Six women over 45 years of age were interviewed who received fictitious names of flowers as a way of maintaining their anonymity. Discussion: The reports originated 3 categories and 4 subcategories as follows: Physiological changes, Changes in sexuality, Sexual desire, Sexual performance, Sexual pleasure, Experience of sexuality and Need for sexuality. Conclusion: Difficulties in dealing with climacteric symptoms indicate the need to create public health policies, where health professionals can provide knowledge in the form of experiences, materials and dissemination of what can be done to accompany women in this period. Health professionals need to be more attentive to work with women in crisis and develop actions aimed at appropriating knowledge and well-being, as well as personal development, so that they can use effective coping mechanisms in order to overcome the changes and the conflicts caused by the climacteric.

Objetivo: describir los sentimientos experimentados por las mujeres acerca de la sexualidad en el período climatérico. Método: El curso metodológico se llevó a cabo a través de un enfoque cualitativo y método de historia oral según los presupuestos de Halbwachs. Resultados: Se entrevistaron seis mujeres mayores de 45 años que recibieron nombres ficticios de flores como forma de mantener su anonimato. Resultados: Los relatos originaron 3 categorías y 4 subcategorías así: Alteraciones fisiológicas, Alteraciones en la sexualidad, Deseo sexual, Desempeño sexual, Placer sexual, Experiencia de la sexualidad y Necesidad de la sexualidad. Conclusión: Las dificultades en el enfrentamiento de los síntomas del climaterio indican la necesidad de crear políticas públicas de salud, donde los profesionales de la salud puedan aportar conocimientos en forma de experiencias, materiales y difusión de lo que se puede hacer para acompañar a las mujeres en este período. Los profesionales de la salud necesitan estar más atentos para trabajar con mujeres en crisis y desarrollar acciones encaminadas a la apropiación del conocimiento y del bienestar, así como del desarrollo personal, de manera que puedan utilizar mecanismos de afrontamiento efectivos para superar los cambios y los conflictos provocados por el climaterio.

Gestação na adolescência: o desvelar de uma vivência / Teenage pregnancy: unveiling an experience / Embarazo en la adolescencia: la revelación de una experiência

Objetivo: analisar a experiência vivenciada na atenção básica por adolescentes grávidas durante o pré-natal em uma Unidade de Saúde de Ceilândia ­DF. Método:O estudo usou a abordagem qualitativa e o método fenomenológico. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de entrevista direcionada a adolescentes previamente selecionadas mediante adequação aos critérios de inclusão. Foram resguardados o sigilo, a confidencialidade e a fidedignidade dos dados coletados. Resultados:Os dados finais estão apresentados em 6 categorias. Trouxe à evidência de que a gravidez na adolescência ainda é um problema que acomete a identidade em formação de adolescentes e que a falta de adesão aos programas de promoção à saúde por parte deste público ainda existe, necessitando assim de olhar mais apurado e capacitado para atender as necessidades em saúde desta população. Conclusão:o atendimento nessa circunstância demanda cuidados, com isso, profissionais de saúde capacitados devem estar associados a essa situação, de forma que busquem estabelecer vínculos com a adolescente e por meio de uma reflexão com ela, seu companheiro e familiares, tentem encontrar estratégias que possibilitem a minimização de problemas.

Objective:Objective: to analyze the experience lived in primary care by pregnant adolescents during prenatal care at a Health Unit in Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil. Method:The study used a qualitative approach and the phenomenological method. Datacollection was done through interviews with previously selected adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Confidentiality and data accuracy were ensured. Results:The final data are presented in 6 categories. It brought to light that adolescent pregnancy is still a problem that affects the forming identity of adolescents and that the lack of adherence to health promotion programs by this group still exists, requiring a more specialized and capable approach to address the health needs of this population. Conclusion: Care in this circumstance demands special attention, therefore, trained healthcare professionals should be involved in this situation, seeking to establish bonds with the adolescent and, through reflection with her, her partner, and family members, find strategies to minimize problems.

Objetivo:analizar la experiencia vivida en la atención primaria por adolescentes embarazadas durante el período prenatal en una Unidad de Salud en Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brasil. Método:El estudio utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y el método fenomenológico. La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas dirigidas a adolescentes previamente seleccionadas que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se garantizó la confidencialidad y la veracidad de los datos recopilados. Resultados:Los datos finales se presentan en 6 categorías. Se evidenció que el embarazo en la adolescencia sigue siendo un problema que afecta la identidad en formación de los adolescentes y que la falta de adhesión a los programas de promoción de la salud por parte de este grupo todavía existe, lo que requiere una mirada más especializada y capacitada para abordar las necesidades de salud de esta población. Conclusión:La atención en esta circunstancia requiere cuidados especiales, por lo tanto, profesionales de la salud capacitados deben estar involucrados en esta situación, buscando establecer vínculos con la adolescente y, a través de la reflexión con ella, su pareja y familiares, encontrar estrategias que permitan minimizar los problemas.

Modelling, property verification and behavioural equivalence of lactose operon regulation.

Understanding biochemical pathways is one of the biggest challenges in the field of molecular biology nowadays. Computer science can contribute in this area by providing formalisms and tools to simulate and analyse pathways. One formalism that is suited for modelling concurrent systems is Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). This paper shows the viability of using CCS to model and reason about biochemical networks. As a case study, we describe the regulation of lactose operon. After describing this operon formally using CCS, we validate our model by automatically checking some known properties for lactose regulation. Moreover, since biological systems tend to be very complex, we propose to use multiple descriptions of the same system at different levels of abstraction. The compatibility of these multiple views can be assured via mathematical proofs of observational equivalence.

Mulheres que desenvolveram complicações do Novo Coronavírus SARSCoV-2 durante a gestação / Women who developed complications of the New Coronavirus SARSCoV-2 during pregnancy / Mujeres que desarrollaron complicaciones del Nuevo Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 durante el embarazo

Objetivo: Analisar as complicações do novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 em mulheres que desenvolveram a infecção durante a gestação acolhidas no Hospital Regional de Taguatinga (HRT). Método: Este estudo utilizou como referencial os pressupostos de Minayo, por meio de abordagem qualitativa e método de pesquisa exploratória. As entrevistas tiveram início somente após autorização do CEP e foram realizadas por meio da plataforma Google Forms. Para a coleta dos dados as participantes primeiramente fizeram o aceite para participação da pesquisa por meio do TCLE. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 10 mulheres com idade acima de 18 anos, onde responderam um questionário referente ao diagnóstico, sintomas e complicações pelo novo coronavírus na gestação. Para a discussão, os dados foram organizados em gráficos e categorias. Considerações finais: Este estudo atendeu aos objetivos propostos, descrevendo sobre as complicações que o novo coronavírus pode causar na gestação, sendo assim, evidenciando que as gestantes são mais propensas a infecção pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. Portanto, este estudo deixa esta contribuição para os profissionais de saúde, apresentando os comprometimentos que esta infecção pode causar na gestação.

Objective: To analyze the complications of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in women who developed the infection during pregnancy at the Hospital Regional de Taguatinga (HRT). Method: This study used Minayo's assumptions as a reference, through a qualitative approach and exploratory research method. The interviews started only after authorization from the CEP and were carried out through the Google Forms platform. For data collection, the participants first accepted to participate in the research through the IC. Results: 10 women over 18 years of age were interviewed, where they answered a questionnaire regarding the diagnosis, symptoms and complications of the new coronavirus in pregnancy. For discussion, data were organized into graphs and categories. Final considerations: This study met the proposed objectives, describing the complications that the new coronavirus can cause during pregnancy, thus showing that pregnant women are more prone to infection with the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Therefore, this study leaves this contribution to health professionals, presenting the impairments that this infection can cause in pregnancy.

Objetivo: Analizar las complicaciones del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres que desarrollaron la infección durante el embarazo en el Hospital Regional de Taguatinga (HRT). Método: Este estudio tomó como referencia los supuestos de Minayo, a través de un enfoque cualitativo y un método de investigación exploratorio. Las entrevistas comenzaron solo después de la autorización del CEP y se llevaron a cabo a través de la plataforma Google Forms. Para la recolección de datos, los participantes primero aceptaron participar en la investigación a través del CI. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 10 mujeres mayores de 18 años, donde respondieron un cuestionario sobre el diagnóstico, síntomas y complicaciones del nuevo coronavirus en el embarazo. Para la discusión, los datos se organizaron en gráficos y categorías. Consideraciones finales: Este estudio cumplió con los objetivos propuestos, describiendo las complicaciones que puede ocasionar el nuevo coronavirus durante el embarazo, mostrando así que las mujeres embarazadas son más propensas a contagiarse con el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Por tanto, este estudio deja este aporte a los profesionales de la salud, presentando las deficiencias que esta infección puede ocasionar en el embarazo.

Using formal methods for content validation of medical procedure documents.

OBJECTIVE: We propose the use of a formal approach to support content validation of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for a therapeutic intervention. Such an approach provides a useful tool to identify ambiguities, omissions and inconsistencies, and improves the applicability and efficacy of documents in the health settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We apply and evaluate a methodology originally proposed for the verification of software specification documents to a specific SOP. The verification methodology uses the graph formalism to model the document. Semi-automatic analysis identifies possible problems in the model and in the original document. The verification is an iterative process that identifies possible faults in the original text that should be revised by its authors and/or specialists. RESULTS: The proposed method was able to identify 23 possible issues in the original document (ambiguities, omissions, redundant information, and inaccuracies, among others). The formal verification process aided the specialists to consider a wider range of usage scenarios and to identify which instructions form the kernel of the proposed SOP and which ones represent additional or required knowledge that are mandatory for the correct application of the medical document. CONCLUSION: By using the proposed verification process, a simpler and yet more complete SOP could be produced. As consequence, during the validation process the experts received a more mature document and could focus on the technical aspects of the procedure itself.

Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive Sequences (Rex3, Rex6, and rDNA Genes) in Hybrids Between Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) and Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887).

Some species of Characiformes are known for their high economic value, such as Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus, and are used in aquaculture programs to generate hybrid tambacu (interbreeding of C. macropomum females and P. mesopotamicus males). The present work aimed to investigate the location of the Rex3 and Rex6 transposable elements in the hybrid and in the species, in addition to checking the genomic organization of the 18S and 5S rDNA in tambacu. The diploid number found for the hybrid was equal to 54 chromosomes, with heterochromatic blocks distributed mainly in the centromeric portions. The chromosomal location of the mobile elements Rex3 and Rex6 in C. macropomum, P. mesopotamicus, and in the hybrid between these species enabled knowledge expansion and the generation of data on such mobile elements. In addition, the location of such elements is not related to the distribution of ribosomal DNA sites. The mapping of the 18S rDNA was shown to be effective in cytogenetic identification of the hybrid tambacu, allowing for differentiation from the parent species and from the hybrid between C. macropomum and the other species from Piaractus (P. brachypomus).

Sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological aspects of Tuberculosis treatment abandonment in Pernambuco, Brazil, 2001-2014. / Aspectos sociodemográficos e clínico-epidemiológicos do abandono do tratamento de tuberculose em Pernambuco, Brasil, 2001-2014.

OBJECTIVE: to describe abandonment rates according to sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of new tuberculosis cases being treated in Pernambuco State, Brazil. METHODS: this is a descriptive ecological study using data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases from 2001 to 2014; the abandonment rate was calculated by the Regional Administration on Health (GERES). RESULTS: of the 57,015 new cases, 6,474 (11.3%) abandoned treatment, although abandonment decreased from 16.4% (2001) to 9.3% (2014); the abandonment rate in GERES I Recife, III Palmares, IV Caruaru, VIII Petrolina and IX Ouricuri was still >5% in 2014; the rate was higher in males (11.9%), people aged 20-39 (12.7%), people with incomplete elementary school (12.1%), black-skinned people (13.7%), institutionalized people (12.5%) and those with pulmonary + extrapulmonary tuberculosis (14.1%). CONCLUSION: despite the decrease, the abandonment rate remained high; males, adults with low education level, black-skinned people, institutionalized patients and patients with pulmonary + extrapulmonary tuberculosis seemed more prone to abandoning treatment.

Evaluation of the oropharynx in class I and II skeletal patterns by CBCT.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the dimensions of the oropharynx and its shape in the minimum cross-sectional area, in individuals with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns, using three-dimensional CBCT images. METHODS: Forty-two cone-beam computed tomography images of grown individuals were evaluated. The images were divided according to the patient's skeletal patterns. The dimensions of the oropharyngeal airway space were determined using the Dolphin Imaging software. RESULTS: The volume and the minimum cross-sectional area were greater in patients with a Class I skeletal pattern, with a median difference of 5379 mm3 and 86.8 mm2, respectively. The anteroposterior and lateral diameters in the minimum cross-sectional area were also higher in Class I individuals (2.3 and 6.0 mm, respectively), but the ratio between them was not different. CONCLUSIONS: The volume and the minimum cross-sectional area of the oropharynx, as well as the anteroposterior and lateral diameters, are lower in individuals with a class II skeletal pattern than in individuals with a class I skeletal pattern. There was no difference in the shape of the oropharynx in healthy individuals with different skeletal patterns.

Percepção dos discentes de fisioterapia acerca de doenças infectocontagiosas: uma pesquisa de campo / Perception of physical therapy students about infectious and contagious diseases: a field research

Introdução: As atividades desenvolvidas nos estabelecimentos de saúde muitas vezes constituem um risco à saúde dos profissionais e pacientes, principalmente em relação às doenças infectocontagiosas. Nesse contexto, sabe-se que os pacientes atendidos pelo profissional fisioterapeuta variam desde atletas a indivíduos imunossuprimidos, o que torna imprescindível a inserção desta temática no currículo dos estudantes. Objetivo: Investigar a percepção dos estudantes de Fisioterapia de uma universidade pública acerca de conceitos de biossegurança e algumas doenças infectocontagiosas. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo quali-quantitativo do tipo descritivo exploratório de caráter transversal, no qual foram aplicados questionários sobre a conduta do fisioterapeuta frente às doenças infectocontagiosas. A amostra, definida por conveniência, foi composta por 105 estudantes. Resultados: Cerca de 67,3% dos estudantes reconheceram o conceito de biossegurança. Em relação às precauções de contato, 59% dos discentes afirmaram serem necessárias em casos de escabiose, 46,7% na furunculose e 34,3 % no impetigo. Conclusão: A partir do presente estudo, foi possível concluir que apesar do elevado percentual de respostas assertivas, o aprendizado adquirido durante a formação acadêmica pode ser perdido no decorrer das práticas ocupacionais, o que demonstra a importância da educação continuada na prática clínica do profissional fisioterapeuta. (AU)

Gestação: implicações na vida da gestante / Pregnancy: implications for the pregnant woman's life / Embarazo: implicaciones para la vida de la embarazada

Objetivo: analisar a gestação e suas implicações na vida da gestante. Método: revisão bibliográfica integrativa seguindo os pressupostos de Ludke e André, e abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: No presente estudo, foram analisados 16 (dezesseis) artigos científicos, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos, onde foram encontrados 8 (oito) na base de dados SCIELO, 2 (dois) artigos na BVS e outros 6 (seis) em Revistas de Enfermagem, a seguir, apresenta-se um panorama geral dos artigos analisados. Conclusão: cada mulher externaliza seus sentimentos de descoberta de gravidez de forma diferente, algumas ficam animadas e sentem prazer, outras ficam tristes e receosas com o que está por vir. É importante instigar a enfermagem a interagir e auxiliar a parturiente de forma abrangente.

Objective: to analyze the management and its conclusions in the pregnant woman's life. Method: integrative literature review following the assumptions of Ludke and André, and a qualitative approach. Results: In this study, 16 (sixteen) scientific articles were formed, which met the advanced inclusion criteria, where 8 (eight) were found in the SCIELO database, 2 (two) articles in the VHL and another 6 (six) in Nursing Journals, below, presents an overview of the distribution articles. Conclusion: each woman externalizes her feelings of pregnancy discovery differently, some are excited and feel pleasure, others are sad and afraid of what is to come. It is important to encourage nursing to interact and assist the parturient in a comprehensive way.

Objetivo: analizar el manejo y sus conclusiones en la vida de la gestante. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura siguiendo los supuestos de Ludke y André, y un enfoque cualitativo. Resultados: En este estudio se conformaron 16 (dieciséis) artículos científicos, los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión avanzada, donde se encontraron 8 (ocho) en la base de datos SCIELO, 2 (dos) artículos en la BVS y otros 6 (seis) en Enfermería. Revistas, a continuación, presenta una descripción general de los artículos de distribución. Conclusión: cada mujer exterioriza sus sentimientos de descubrimiento del embarazo de manera diferente, algunas están emocionadas y sienten placer, otras están tristes y temerosas de lo que está por venir. Es importante fomentar que la enfermería interactúe y asista al parturient de manera integra.