Cancer risk-reducing surgery: Brazilian society of surgical oncology guideline part 1 (gynecology and breast).

BACKGROUND: Risk-reducing operations are an important part of the management of hereditary predisposition to cancer. In selected cases, they can considerably reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer in this population. OBJECTIVES: The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) developed this guideline to establish national benchmarks for cancer risk-reducing operations. METHODS: The guideline was prepared from May to December 2021 by a multidisciplinary team of experts to discuss the surgical management of cancer predisposition syndromes. Fourteen questions were defined and assigned to expert groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations. RESULTS: For all questions including risk-reduction bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy, and mastectomy, major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives. CONCLUSION: This and its accompanying article represent the first guideline in cancer risk reduction surgery developed by the BSSO, and it should serve as an important reference for the management of families with cancer predisposition.

Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology consensus on fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Several controversies remain on conservative management of cervical cancer. Our aim was to develop a consensus recommendation on important and novel topics of fertility-sparing treatment of cervical cancer. METHODS: The consensus was sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) from March 2020 to September 2020 and included a multidisciplinary team of 55 specialists. A total of 21 questions were addressed and they were assigned to specialists' groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Further, the coordinators evaluated the recommendations that were classified by the level of evidence, and finally, they were voted by all participants. RESULTS: The questions included controversial topics on tumor assessment, surgical treatment, and surveillance in conservative management of cervical cancer. The two topics with lower agreement rates were the role of minimally invasive approach in radical trachelectomy and parametrial preservation. Additionally, only three recommendations had <90% of agreement (fertility preservation in Stage Ib2, anti-stenosis device, and uterine transposition). CONCLUSIONS: As very few clinical trials have been developed in surgery for cervical cancer, most recommendations were supported by low levels of evidence. We addressed important and novel topics in conservative management of cervical cancer and our study may contribute to literature.

Terapia renal substitutiva em pacientes do interior da Bahia: avaliação da distância entre o município de moradia e a unidade de hemodiálise mais próxima / Renal replacement therapy in the state of Bahia: evaluation of the distance between the patient’s hometown and the nearest hemodialysis unit

Introdução: Este estudo avalia a distância entre o município de moradia de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) na Bahia e a unidade de hemodiálise (HD) mais próxima, estimando o tempo de viagem gasto para manutenção de três sessões semanais de HD. Metodologia: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes provenientes do interior da Bahia que iniciaram HD no Hospital Geral Roberto Santos entre março/2004 e janeiro/2006 e permaneceram em HD de manutenção após alta hospitalar. O cálculo da distância entre os municípios foi realizado através do “Sistema ABCR de Coordenadas Geodésicas e Percursos entre os Municípios Brasileiros” (www.abcr.org.br). O tempo de viagem foi baseado numa velocidade média de 50km/h. Resultados: Foram avaliados 45 pacientes. A idade média foi 44,7±15,6 anos, sendo 55,6% do sexo feminino. A distância média entre o município de residência e o município da unidade de HD mais próxima foi 101,4±76,3km e a estimativa de tempo gasto para percorrer a distância de ida e volta entre os municípios foi de aproximadamente 4 horas. Considerando as unidades de HD para as quais os pacientes foram efetivamente referidos, a distância média entre os municípios foi 175,9±171,2km, com estimativa de tempo gasto para percorrer a distância de ida e volta de aproximadamente 7 horas. Discussão e Conclusão: A grande maioria dos pacientes estudados necessitou sair de seus municípios de residência e percorrer longas distâncias para ter acesso à HD, o que demanda gasto excessivo de tempo e implicações socioeconômicas. Estes resultados demonstram a importância da descentralização da TRS na Bahia.

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the distance between the patient’s hometown and the nearest hemodialysis (HD) unity in Bahia, and estimate the amount of time spent on commuting three times per week. Methods: We included all patients from the inland of Bahia who initiated HD at Hospital Geral Roberto Santos between March, 2004 and January, 2006 and were discharged on maintenance HD. The distance between towns was calculated using the "ABCR System of Geodesic Coordinates and Routes Between Brazilian Cities" (www.abcr.org.br). Commute time was estimated based on a mean speedof 50 km/h. Results: We evaluated 45 patients. Mean age was 44.7±15.6 years; 55.5% were female. The mean distance between the patients’ hometown and the nearest HD unit was 101.4±76.3 Km. The estimated amount of time spent on commute was 4 hours. When we considered the HD units that patients were actually referred to after discharge, the mean distance between towns was 175.9±171.2 Km, and commute time increased to approximately 7 hours. Discussion and Conclusion: The vast majority of patients studied needed to leave their hometown and travel long distances to undergo HD, which resulted in excessive waste of time. These results demonstrate the need for public policies that stimulate the decentralization of renal replacement therapy in Bahia.