Fall and its association with the frailty syndrome in the elderly: systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of falls and frailty syndrome and the association between these two syndromes in the elderly population. METHOD: Systematic review, without restriction of dates, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and in the SciElo virtual library. The association between both variables was extracted from the studies (Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals). RESULTS: The review included 19 studies published between 2001 and 2015. The prevalence of falls in the frail elderly population was between 6.7% and 44%; in the pre-frail, between 10.0% and 52.0%, and in the non-frail, between 7.6% and 90.4%. The association between both variables presented a value of OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.51-2.13). CONCLUSION: There is evidence that falls are associated to the frailty in the elderly. Other factors may influence this association, such as age, sex, data collection instrument of the studies, place where they live and the process of senescence. OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de quedas e da síndrome da fragilidade e a associação entre essas duas síndromes na população idosa. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática, sem restrição de datas, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e na biblioteca virtual SciElo. A associação entre ambas as variáveis foi extraída dos próprios artigos (Odds Ratio e os Intervalos de Confiança de 95%). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos na revisão 19 artigos publicados entre 2001 e 2015. A prevalência de queda no idoso frágil esteve entre 6,7% e 44%; nos pré-frágeis, entre 10,0% e 52,0%, e nos não frágeis, entre 7,6% e 90,4%. A associação entre ambas as variáveis apresentou o valor de OR 1,80 (IC 95% 1,51-2,13). CONCLUSÃO: Há evidências de que a queda está associada à fragilidade do idoso. Outros fatores podem influenciar essa associação, como idade, sexo, instrumento de coleta de dados dos estudos, local onde vive e o próprio processo de senescência.

Burnout in nurses working in Portuguese central prisons and type of employment contract.

BACKGROUND: Many studies on burnout have been conducted to try to identify the most vulnerable populations and settings for burnout. Despite the existing studies on burnout in Portuguese nurses, no studies have yet been conducted in prisons. OBJECTIVES: This study measured the levels of burnout among nurses working in prisons and their relationship to the socio-demographic variables and type of employment contract. METHODS: A questionnaire on the socio-demographic and professional characteristics and the MBI-GS (Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey) were sent to the 124 nurses working in Portuguese central prisons, resulting in a final sample of 95 nurses. Associations between burnout levels and socio-demographic variables were identified by Pearson's coefficient and differences between groups according to type of employment were verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: 31.57% of nurses showed both emotional and physical exhaustion and cynicism, and 6.32% lacked professional efficiency. Statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.031) in terms of cynicism and the type of employment contract between nurses from the Ministry of Justice (Mean = 13.55) and nurses who were individual service providers (Mean = 7.25). Nurses working in prisons have higher burnout levels than nurses in general, as well as high levels of emotional and physical exhaustion (Mean = 12.85) and cynicism (Mean = 12.32). These findings confirm that special attention should be given to nurses working in these services.

Undergraduate Occupational Health Nursing Education in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Occupational health nursing plays a fundamental role in addressing the health of the working population; however, training in this area differs around the world in terms of levels, duration, content, and requirements, and the current situation in Latin American countries is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze undergraduate nursing education in occupational health from an international perspective considering Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, descriptive study, based on bibliographic methodology, whose sample was documentary, consulting government databases in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. FINDINGS: Heterogeneity was identified within the training in the countries analyzed, with a small number of courses in the course structures; in most cases, the courses were taught in the last years of training and predominantly as elective courses. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that training centers develop programs associated with occupational nursing, which is considered an imperative to strengthen public health in developing countries and an ethical and equitable response to the working population.

Quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities. METHOD: a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of public university employees retired due to disabilities. A characterization questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Disabilities instrument were applied via telephone or online contacts from November 2019 to September 2020. The associated factors were verified through multiple linear regression. RESULTS: of the 80 retirees due to disability, 15% were professors and 85% had a technical-administrative career. As for the factors associated with Quality of Life, continuous medication use (ßadj: -0.25; p=0.02) and problems in the nervous system (ßadj: -0.21; p<0.05) were associated with the Overall domain; continuous medication use (ßadj: -0.23; p=0.04), to the Physical domain; smoking (ßadj: -0.21; p<0.05) and mental and behavioral disorders (ßadj: -0.21; p<0.01), to the Psychological domain; smoking (ßadj: -0.46; p<0.01) and respiratory (ßadj: -0.21; p=0.03) and circulatory (ßadj: -0.21; p=0.03) problems, to the Social domain; smoking (ßadj: -0.33; p<0.01) and problems in the nervous system (ßadj: -0.22; p=0.04), to the Environmental domain; mental and behavioral disorders, to the Disabilities module (ßadj: -0.29; p<0.01) and to the Discrimination domain (ßadj: -0.21; p<0.05); and smoking (ßadj: -0.32; p<0.01) and problems in the nervous system (ßadj: -0.20; p<0.05), to the Inclusion domain. The Autonomy domain did not present any association. CONCLUSION: the retirees under study presented impaired Quality of Life.

[Work-related illness in nursing: an integrative review]. / O adoecer pelo trabalho na enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa.

Man's endless search for methods of performing different activities leads to increased workloads, which eventually result in physical, psychological and emotional conditions. The objective of this study was to seek scientific evidence regarding the types of work-related conditions or illnesses in nursing, as well as the means of coping and preventing occupational diseases and accidents. An integrative review was performed on the electronic health databases using the following descriptors: occupational disease, occupational prevention, and nursing worker. Twenty-seven articles were found. It was realized that nurses have back pain and musculoskeletal injuries, suffer accidents with sharp-edged materials and endure stress and tension at work, in addition to exposure to environmental pollution and dermatitis.

[The socioeconomic and demographic characterization of children and adolescents who study and work outside their home]. / Caracterización socioeconómica y demográfica de niños y adolescentes que estudian y trabajan simultáneamente fuera de casa.

The objective of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of children and adolescents who study and work outside their home. This non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires applied to primary education students, enrolled in public schools in Ribeirão Preto (Brazil). Two schools were selected through a draw. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Of the 133 students who answered the questionnaire, 36 (27.7%) reported working outside their home, 20.6% were between 11 and 13 years of age, and 66.7% were male (p=0.000) and had started working early to help with the family income (p=0.003). The salary they received helped comprise the family income, and it was found that as the family income increased, the need for the youngsters to work was reduced. It was found that many factors contribute to these subjects' early start at work, including family size, structure and poverty.

Sleep quality, personal and work variables and life habits of hospital nurses. / Qualidade do sono, variáveis pessoais e laborais e hábitos de vida de enfermeiros hospitalares.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the possible associations between sleep quality, personal and work variables and the life habits of hospital nurses. METHOD: a cross-sectional, exploratory, correlational and quantitative study, carried out from October to December 2019. The data were collected with the application of a questionnaire that addressed the respondents' personal characteristics, life habits and working conditions. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Brazilian Portuguese version, was used to assess sleep quality. RESULTS: the participants were 42 professionals: 31 (73.8%) women, aged between 26 and 66 years old (mean of 40.2); 61.9% worked overtime; 26.2% had two employment contracts and 40.5% had absences from work. Sleep quality was considered good by 9.5% of the participants, poor by 64.3% and categorized as with sleep disorders by 26.2%. In the population that worked rotating shifts, this quality was identified as poor by 26.2%. The worst results were found in the age group from 30 to 39 years old and there was a statistical significance in the "living with a partner" variable. CONCLUSION: there was impairment in the nurses' sleep quality and there is a need to monitor these workers, particularly those who work in shifts, in order to provide preventive measures to mitigate the harms to their health.

Association of salivary alpha-amylase with anxiety and stress in nursing professionals.

OBJECTIVE: to assess if changes in salivary alpha-amylase activity are associated with anxiety and stress among hospital nursing professionals and whether anxiety and stress are associated with sociodemographic, epidemiological, and occupational factors. METHOD: cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out with 210 nursing professionals from a hospital. For data collection, we used a questionnaire to characterize workers, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults and samples and saliva samples collected in work shifts. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the software Statistical Package for the Social Science and GraphPad Prism. RESULTS: most professionals experienced stress and anxiety. The variables age group, number of children, use of medication and workload were associated with anxiety; age group, smoking and medication use were associated with stress. An increase in the salivary alpha-amylase activity was observed in the middle of the work shift. Professionals who had stress and anxiety had significant changes in alpha-amylase in the night shift. CONCLUSION: changes in salivary alpha-amylase were associated with anxiety and stress among nursing professionals, indicating that this enzyme can be a possible biomarker of anxiety and stress in workers.

Factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in professionals working in sitting position.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and analyze their associated factors in professionals from administrative sectors working predominantly in sitting position. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with data obtained from 451 workers from a federal public institution in Southern Brazil. The dependent variable was the number of musculoskeletal symptoms in the prior 12 months, measured using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. In the analyses, 19 independent variables were investigated, divided into four categories: sociodemographic, behavioral, occupational and health characteristics. Univariate analysis and multiple Poisson regression with robust variance were performed. The independent variables were inserted into blocks with stepwise backward criterion, considering the value for Wald statistics equal to 0.20. The effect measures were expressed in a relative increase (RI) in the mean value, and the data were analyzed for a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the prior 12 months was 90% (confidence interval - 95%CI 87-93). In the final model of regression analysis, the variables female gender (RI = 14.75%), low (RI = 100.02%) and moderate (RI = 64.06%) work ability index, use of medications (RI = 48.06%) and waist circumference at risk (RI = 15.59%) had a significant association with the increase in the mean number of symptoms; schooling with technical education acted as a protective factor, reducing the mean by 36.46%. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms found and the associated factors indicate the need to propose specific actions and care for this population, such as immediate treatment of symptoms and changes in the organization and work environment, to achieve balance and harmony in the demands of prolonged sitting work and avoid its impact effect of this condition on public health.

Cultural adaptation and updating of the Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers in the context of covid-19 questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: to translate and culturally adapt the Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers in the context of covid-19 questionnaire to the Brazilian context and to develop and evaluate a sociodemographic and occupational characterization questionnaire to compose the adapted questionnaire. METHOD: five stages were conducted to adapt the Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers in the context of covid-19 questionnaire, namely: translation, synthesis of the translations, evaluation by a committee of judges, back translation and pre-test. As for the complementary questionnaire, it was elaborated and evaluated by a committee of judges and a pre-test was carried out. RESULTS: the questionnaires were validated and the pre-test stage was conducted with health workers and students. CONCLUSION: the final version adapted to the Brazilian context was called Questionário de avaliação de risco e gestão da exposição de trabalhadores e estudantes de saúde no contexto da covid-19 and is available for use, together with the final version of the Sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire: Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers and students in the context of covid-19. These questionnaires may assist in mitigating the risks of infection, illness and death of health workers and students due to covid-19.

[Pleasure and suffering in the nursing group: reflection to the light of Dejour psychodynamics]. / Prazer e sofrimento no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem: reflexão à luz da psicodinâmica Dejouriana.

The present study is a theoretical reflection which approaches the feelings of pleasure and suffering in the nursing team work in the perspective of the psychodynamic under Dejour optics. This reflection contributes to elucidate the importance of the organization processes of nursing team work, in special for considering the aspects related to the intersubjectivity and the singular history of each human being. The intervention in the health area organizations and in other institutions, consequently favors the diagnostic of the work situations, contributing for the improvement of the quality of life in the proper labor environment and also in the private life, among others.

[Accidents reported at the Workers' Reference Center in Ribeirão Preto, southeastern Brazil]. / Acidentes registrados no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo.

This is a quantitative, descriptive study that aims to investigate work-related injuries involving exposure to biomaterial among health workers in health care units in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Data was obtained from Work-Related Injury Report forms filled at the Worker's Health Reference Center in Ribeirão Preto in 2005. A total of 1,665 work-related injuries (91.7%) were reported and 151 (8.3%) were diagnosed as occupational diseases. Of the 1,665 injuries reported, 480 (28.82%) affected workers working at health care units and 153 (31.87%) were associated to biological material exposure. The situational diagnosis of occupational accidents is relevant for the development of preventive strategies by worker's health services. The results of the present study provide major indicators that allow the organization of actions following the National Network for Workers' Comprehensive Health Care (RENAST) guidelines and effectively contribute for workers health promotion.

Stress and cortisol levels among members of the nursing team.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of hospital nursing professionals with the presence of stress, and to associate this with capillary cortisol. METHOD: A cross-sectional, exploratory and correlational study, conducted in a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 164 nursing professionals participated; the Perceived Stress Scale was administered, and hair samples were obtained for laboratory analysis. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (2010), and then into Microsoft Office and the R software, version 3.2.2. RESULTS: High levels of capillary cortisol in 47% of participants suggest the presence of stress, but no statistical significance between cortisol and stress levels were found. CONCLUSIONS: Stress and capillary cortisol levels were indicative of stress among nursing professionals; however, no association between them was found, although the values found were above those recommended.

Nurses' work in intensive care units: feelings of suffering.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feelings of suffering that Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses experience, and the strategies they use to face these feelings. It is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach and based on content analysis. The study used previous studies on Work Psychodynamics as complementary groundwork. Data collection occurred by means of semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed, categorized, and subcategorized. Results showed that suffering is related to: taking care of a young patient in critical condition, taking problems home, the patient's family, the team's work, and technology at work. As for the defense strategies used, emphasis is given to the search for strength in religion, promoting inter-relationships among team members, engaging in physical activity, and withdrawing from the patient.

Perception of nurse managers about the functionally-readapted worker.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the perception of nurse managers about the functionally-readapted worker. METHODS: Descriptive study with qualitative approach, whose data were collected in from November 2016 to April 2017, through interviews with 14 nurse managers of a university hospital. The content analysis analysis was applied to interpret the speeches. RESULTS: The reports converged into three categories, which revealed the impact on the management of the nursing staff, the management of the limitations of the readapted worker, and the regular follow-up planning for him. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Nurse managers are clear that readapted workers need special attention, so that their potentialities mat be maximized, respecting the workers' limitations. Readapted workers must be encouraged to resume their self-esteem, identity, autonomy, and feel socially included.

Presenteeism in multiprofessional team workers in the Adult Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of presenteeism in multiprofessional team workers of an Adult Intensive Care Unit, relating it to sociodemographic and labor characteristics. METHOD: It is an analytical cross-sectional qualitative study, which used a questionnaire for sociodemographic data collection, and Stanford Presenteeism Scale(SPS-6) to assess presenteeism. RESULTS: There was predominance of women (75.9%), nursing workers (66.7%), mean age of 39.81 years, and 6 to 10 years (31.6%) of experience in the labor market. Regarding presenteeism, 48.7% presented work impairment and 31.8% presentedperformance and completion of tasks altered by this phenomenon. CONCLUSION: Expressive numbers of general presenteeism were identified, with results indicating impairment in completing work. When connecting presenteeism to sociodemographic and labor characteristics, the variables sex, dependent children and absence from work presented values with statistical significance among the studied workers.

Typical occupational accidents with employees of a university hospital in the south of Brazil: epidemiology and prevention.

Descriptive epidemiologic study that aimed to analyze the typical occupational accidents notified by employees of a university hospital in the South of Brazil from 1997 to 2002, and to estimate their risk indicators. A total of 717 accidents were registered; 86% of them (616) were typical and presented an annual average risk coefficient of 6.0 per 100 employees. The groups that presented more risks for accidents were cooks, woodworkers and nursing auxiliaries, while hands were the most affected area. Regarding the accidents nature, the greatest risks involved biological material. Hence, it is necessary to orient personnel about the legal aspects of occupational accidents and review work processes, especially those related to employees who perform activities at greater risk of transmissible diseases like AIDS and hepatitis B and C.

[The meanings of quality of life for women with AIDS]. / Significados de qualidade de vida para mulheres convivendo com AIDS.

The objective of this study conducted among women with AIDS, was to identify the knowledge about how they acquired the disease, as well as the meaning AIDS has in their Quality of Life. This is a qualitative, exploratory descriptive study encompassing twelve women. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from October 2006 to January 2007. After the analysis, two categories were identified. The first one related to how AIDS was acquired, and the other to the meanings of Quality of Life (QL) for these women. The results revealed that the interviewees know how the HIV infection was acquired. The meanings, as far as Quality of Life, had to do with keeping healthy, family and work relationships, and acceptance of current situation, all of which points out to the need of providing wholesome care for these women.