Pre-surgical cryoablation in ≤ 2 cm ER + /HER2-tumors. Prognostic factors for the presence of residual invasive carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard approach for small low-risk tumors. If the efficacy of cryoablation is demonstrated, it could provide a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. PURPOSE: To determine the success of ultrasound-guided cryoablation in achieving the absence of Residual Invasive Cancer (RIC) for patients with ER + /HER2- tumors ≤ 2cm and sonographically negative axillary nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out from April 2021 to June 2023, and involved 60 preoperative cryoablation procedures on ultrasound-visible, node-negative (cN0) infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC). Standard diagnostic imaging included mammography and tomosynthesis, supplemented by ultrasound-guided biopsy. MRI was performed in patients with associated intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) and an invasive component on core needle biopsy (18 out of 22 cases). All tumors were tagged with ferromagnetic seeds. A triple-phase protocol (freezing-thawing-freezing) with Argon was used, with an average procedure duration of 40 min. A logistic regression model was applied to determine significant correlation between RIC and the study variables. RESULTS: Fifty-nine women (mean age 63 ± 8 years) with sixty low-risk unifocal IDC underwent cryoablation prior to surgery. Pathological examination of lumpectomy specimens post-cryoablation revealed RIC in only one of 38 patients with pure IDC and in 4 of 22 mixed IDC/DCIS cases. All treated tumors had clear surgical margins, with no significant procedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation was effective in eradicating 97% of pure infiltrating ER + /HER2-tumors ≤ 2cm, demonstrating its potential as a surgical alternative in selected patients.

Tratamiento percutáneo del cáncer infiltrante de mama en estado clínico I/II mediante crioablación en pacientes sin indicación de cirugía axilar / Percutaneous cryoablation of clinical stage I/II breast cancer in patients without indication for axillary surgery

Objetivo: revisar la eficacia del tratamiento percutáneo del cáncer infiltrante de mama (CM) mediante crioablación guiada con ecografía en pacientes con estadio clínico I/II en las que se desestima la cirugía axilar. Métodos: se recogieron de nuestros archivos las pacientes con CM en estadio clínico I/II que fueron tratadas mediante crioablación guiada con ecografía en las que se desestimó la cirugía axilar. Se seleccionaron las pacientes que tuvieron un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Las revisiones fueron ecográficas: la primera entre 1 y 2 meses (para valorar lesiones residuales por tratamiento incompleto) y posteriormente semestrales (para valorar las recidivas). Las lesiones residuales y las recidivas se confirmaron con BAG y en todos los casos se valoró el tratamiento con nueva crioablación (de rescate). Se analizó la eficacia del procedimiento en función del control local en la mama. Resultados: desde marzo de 2019 hasta septiembre de 2022 fueron tratadas mediante crioablación guiada con ecografía 84 pacientes con 92 CM en estadio clínico I/II en las que la cirugía axilar fue desestimada. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente las 43 pacientes (58-96 años, media 83, DE ±7,64) con 48 CM (entre 5 y 60 mm, media 17, DE ±13,75) que tuvieron un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses (entre 12 y 40 meses, media 20). Hubo 2 pacientes con tratamiento incompleto en la primera ecografía y 5 pacientes recidivaron (entre 9 y 27 meses, media 17). Todas se trataron con crioablaciones de rescate. El control local a los 12 meses fue del 90,5% (probabilidad 0,905 error estándar 0,045) y en el 95% de las pacientes (41/43) se consiguió controlar localmente el CM. Fallecieron 6 pacientes, 3 por evolución del CM y 3 por otras causas. Todos los procedimientos fueron bien tolerados y no hubo complicaciones graves. (AU)

Objective: To review the efficacy of percutaneous treatment of infiltrating breast cancer (BC) by ultrasound-guided cryoablation in patients with clinical stage I/II without indication for axillary surgery Methods: Patients with clinical stage I/II BC who were treated by ultrasound-guided cryoablation in whom axillary surgery was ruled out were collected from our files. Patients who had a minimum follow-up of 12 months were selected. The ultrasound follow up were: the first between 1-2 months (to assess residual lesions due to incomplete treatment) and subsequently every six months (to assess recurrences). Residual lesions and recurrences were confirmed with CNB and in all cases treatment with new (salvage) cryoablation was considered. The efficacy of the procedure was assessed on local control in the breast. Results: Between March 2019 and September 2022, 84 patients with 92 BC in clinical stage I/II were treated with ultrasound-guided cryoablation without indication for axillary surgery. The inclusion criteria of the retrospective study were met by 43 patients (58-96 years, mean 83, SD ±7,64) with 48 BC (between 5-60mm, mean 17, SD ±13,75) who were reviewed during a mean period of 20 months (between 12-40 months). There were two patients with incomplete treatment at the first ultrasound and five patients relapsed (between 9-27 months, mean 17). All were treated with salvage cryoablation. Local control at 12 months was 90.5% (probability 0.905 standard error 0.045) and in 95% of patients (41/43) the BC was locally controlled. Six patients died, three due to progression of the BC and three due to other causes. All procedures were well tolerated and there were no serious complications. (AU)

Utilidad de la biopsia asistida con vacío guiada con ecografía en el manejo de las pacientes con papilomas de mama / Usefulness of US-guided vacuum-assisted removal in the management of patients with breast papillomas

Objetivos. Revisar la utilidad a largo plazo del manejo percutáneo de los papilomas de mama mediante la extirpación con BAV guiada por ecografía. Material y método. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las 122 lesiones papilares (entre 3-30mm, media 10mm) extirpadas con BAV guiada por ecografía en nuestro hospital entre abril de 2010 y abril de 2016, en 102 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 22 y 85 años (media 59). Presentaban secreción uniorificial 74 lesiones en 68 pacientes. El protocolo de seguimiento después de la BAV fue realizar ecografía en 1-2, 6-8 y 12-14 meses, y posteriormente, de forma anual. Si en los controles se detectaban hallazgos sospechosos de papiloma residual o recidivante se realizaba una BAV de rescate. Resultados. El resultado de la BAV en las 122 lesiones fue: 114 papilomas benignos (PB), 6 PB con atipia, 2 PB con carcinoma intraductal. Se realizó seguimiento ecográfico (6-72 meses, media 54) en las 120 lesiones benignas (100 pacientes). Se sospechó recaída local en 19 PB (19 pacientes, 13 residual y 6 recidivante) y en 4 PB (3 pacientes, recaída a distancia o papilomatosis múltiple). Se realizó una nueva BAV en 18 PB con sospecha de recaída local (18 lesiones) y en un PB con recaída a distancia (2 lesiones). En 15 lesiones el resultado fue de PB, en una, de PB con atipia y en 4, de fibrosis. No hubo falsos negativos (carcinomas) en el seguimiento. En una paciente, un PB con recidiva en el interior del pezón se extirpó con cirugía. Dos pacientes desarrollaron papilomatosis múltiple incontable y no se realizó BAV. La secreción desapareció en 73 papilomas (67 pacientes). Conclusión. El tratamiento percutáneo mediante la extirpación con BAV guiada por ecografía es efectivo en la mayoría de las pacientes con PB o BP con atipia, y seguro en el seguimiento a largo plazo (AU)

Objectives. To review long-term outcomes of the percutaneous management of breast papillomas by US-guided vacuum-assisted removal (US-VAR). Material and method. A retrospective study was conducted of 122 papillary lesions (mean size 10mm, range 3-30mm) removed with US-VAR in our hospital between April 2010 and April 2016 from 102 patients (mean age 59 years, range 22-85 years). Pathological discharge was present in 74 lesions (68 patients). US follow-up was performed at 1-2, 6-8, and 12-14 months after US-VAR, followed by annually. When a residual or recurrent suspicious papilloma was detected at US follow-up, re-excision by US-VAR was performed. Results. At histology, there were 114 benign papillomas (BP), 6 atypical papillomas, and 2 papillomas with intraductal carcinoma. US follow-up (range 6-72 months, mean 54) was performed in 120 benign lesions (100 patients). US showed local recurrence in 19 BP (13 residual, 6 recurrent) in 19 patients and distant recurrence in 4 BP (multiple papillomatosis) in 3 patients. Re-excision US-VAR was performed in 18 BP with suspected local recurrence (18 patients) and in one atypical papilloma with distant recurrence (2 lesions). Histology showed BP in 15 lesions, atypical papilloma in one lesion and fibrosis in 4. There were no false negatives (carcinomas) at follow-up. In one patient, one recurrent papilloma grew inside the nipple and was surgically excised. In 2 patients with multiple recurrent papillomas in different locations, US-VAR was not performed. Nipple discharge disappeared in 73 papillary lesions in 67 patients. Conclusion. US-VAR allows percutaneous long-term management in most patients with papillomas and is a satisfactory alternative to surgery (AU)