[Physical activity, obesity and self-esteem in chilean schoolchildren]. / Actividad física, obesidad y autoestima en escolares chilenos: Análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease and a problem for the Chilean society. AIM: To analyze the relationship between physical condition, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and self-esteem. Material ad Methods: Questionnaires to assess self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) and levels of physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children, PAQ-C) were answered by 515 children aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years from 27 schools of Santiago de Chile. BMI was calculated. Course-Navette test was carried out, vertical jump and hand dynamometry were measured. For statistical analysis, structural equations were used. RESULTS: An acceptable goodness of fit for the models was found. There was a positive relationship between BMI and hand dynamometry, as well as a negative relationship between BMI and maximal oxygen consumption, jumping ability, physical activity and self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem was positively related to physical activity engagement. CONCLUSIONS: In these children, self-esteem was related to physical activity variables.

Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients suggests a role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning.

Adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma patients acquires brown fat features, making it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms that control thermogenic adipose plasticity in humans. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a massive downregulation of splicing machinery components and splicing regulatory factors in browned adipose tissue from patients, with upregulation of a few genes encoding RNA-binding proteins potentially involved in splicing regulation. These changes were also observed in cell culture models of human brown adipocyte differentiation, confirming a potential involvement of splicing in the cell-autonomous control of adipose browning. The coordinated changes in splicing are associated with a profound modification in the expression levels of splicing-driven transcript isoforms for genes involved in the specialized metabolism of brown adipocytes and those encoding master transcriptional regulators of adipose browning. Splicing control appears to be a relevant component of the coordinated gene expression changes that allow human adipose tissue to acquire a brown phenotype.

Validation of the ICH score in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage admitted to the intensive care unit in Southern Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Validation of the intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) score in patients with a diagnosis of spontaneous ICH admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A multicentre cohort study was conducted in all consecutive patients with ICH admitted to the ICUs of three hospitals with a neurosurgery department between 2009 and 2012 in Andalusia, Spain. Data collected included ICH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores. Demographic data, location and volume of haematoma and 30-day mortality rate were also collated. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients were included. 105 of whom underwent surgery. Median (IQR) age: 62 (50-70) years. APACHE-II: 21(15-26) points, GCS: 7 (4-11) points, ICH score: 2 (2-3) points. 11.1% presented with bilateral mydriasis on admission (mortality rate=100%). Intraventricular haemorrhage was observed in 58.9% of patients. In-hospital mortality was 54.17% while the APACHE-II predicted mortality was 57.22% with a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.09) and a Hosmer-Lemenshow test value (H) of 3.62 (no significant statistical difference, n.s.). 30-day mortality was 52.38% compared with the ICH score predicted mortality of 48.79%, SMR: 1.07 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.23), n.s. Mortality was higher than predicted at the lowest scores and lower than predicted in the more severe patients, (H=55.89, p<0.001), Gruppo Italiano per la Valutazione degli Interventi in Terapia Intensiva calibration belt (p<0.001). The area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.74 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: ICH score shows an acceptable discrimination as a tool to predict mortality rates in patients with spontaneous ICH admitted to the ICU, but its calibration is suboptimal.

Mediación de la satisfacción vital entre la inteligencia emocional y el optimismo en personas con discapacidad intelectual / Mediator Effect of Vital Satisfactionbetween Emotional Intelligence and Optimismin People with Intellectual Disability

Durante mucho tiempo las personas con discapacidad intelectual, por su condición, han sido relegadas a un segundo plano en lo referente a su papel como interlocutores válidos en la gestión de sus propias vidas, siendo prácticamente inexistente su participación en las diferentes estructuras sociales. En este estudio, participaron 79 personas con discapacidad intelectual, con una edad media de 36,82 años (±13,50) y grado de discapacidad promedio del 61,70 %. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 (TMMS 24) y Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi-C). El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el optimismo vs pesimismo, actuando como variable mediadora la Satisfacción Vital a través de la estadística multivariante de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados evidenciaron la relación positiva entre varias de las dimensiones de los instrumentos utilizados (p < ,01). Por otra parte, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales obtuvo buena validez estructural (?²/gl = 2,855; RMSEA = ,074; GFI = ,901; CFI = ,912; IFI = ,919). Las consecuencias prácticas permitirán entender el valor instrumental o mediador de la Satisfacción Vital en los procesos de desarrollo personal y social. (AU)

For a long time, people with intellectual disabilities, due to their condi-tion, have been relegated to the background regarding their role as valid interlocutors in the management of their own lives, being their participation practically non-existent in the different social structures. In this study, 79 people with intellectual disability par-ticipated, with an average degree age of 36.82 years (±13.50) and average degree of dis-ability of 61.70%. The instruments were used: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 (TMMS 24) and Emo-tional Quotient Inventory (EQi-C). The objective was to determine the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Optimism vs Pessimism, acting Life Satisfaction as a mediating variable, using the multivariate statistical of structural equations. On one hand, the results evidenced the positive relationship between several of the dimensions of the instruments used (p < ,01). On the other hand, the structural equation model obtained good structural validity (χ²/gl = 2.855; RMSEA = ,074; GFI = ,901; CFI= ,912; IFI = ,919). The practical consequences will allow us to understand the instrumental or mediating value of Life Satisfaction in the processes of personal and social development. (AU)

Actividad física, obesidad y autoestima en escolares chilenos: Análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales / Physical activity, obesity and self-esteem in chilean schoolchildren

Background: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease and a problem for the Chilean society. Aim: To analyze the relationship between physical condition, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and self-esteem. Material ad Methods: Questionnaires to assess self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) and levels of physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children, PAQ-C) were answered by 515 children aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years from 27 schools of Santiago de Chile. BMI was calculated. Course-Navette test was carried out, vertical jump and hand dynamometry were measured. For statistical analysis, structural equations were used. Results: An acceptable goodness of fit for the models was found. There was a positive relationship between BMI and hand dynamometry, as well as a negative relationship between BMI and maximal oxygen consumption, jumping ability, physical activity and self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem was positively related to physical activity engagement. Conclusions: In these children, self-esteem was related to physical activity variables.

Análisis de la resiliencia, autoconcepto y motivación en judo según el género / Analise da resilencia, do auto-conceitoe da motivaçao no judo como género / Analysis of resilence, self-concept and motivation in judo as gender

El objetivo de estudio fue determinar y analizar las relaciones existentes entre el clima motivacional, autoconcepto físico y resiliencia, en base al género. Participaron 148 judocas con una edad media de 23.09 años (DT = 6.731) de Chile. Completaron los cuestionarios de clima motivacional (PMCSQ-2), autoconcepto físico (AF-5) y resiliencia (CD-RISC). Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon las ecuaciones estructurales, realizándose mediante multigrupos (masculino y femenino). Los resultados indicaron una bondad de ajuste aceptable del modelo, se determinó que la correlación entre el clima tarea y clima ego es mayor en mujeres, ellas consideran que cuando aumenta el clima motivacional se incrementa su propio autoconcepto físico y se genera un incremento en los sentimientos de satisfacción hacia la tarea y que en los hombres el aumento del autoconcepto físico provoca mayores niveles de resiliencia que en las mujeres (AU)

The aim of the study was to determine and analyze the relationships between motivational climate, physical self-concept and resilience, based on gender. 148 judokas participated with a mean age of 23.09 years (SD = 6.731) of Chile. Completed questionnaires motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), physical self (AF-5) and resilience (CD-RISC). For statistical analysis, structural equations were used, performed by multi-group (male and female). The results indicated acceptable goodness of fit of the model, it was determined that the correlation between climate and ego climate task is higher in women, they consider that when the motivational climate increases increases its own physical self and generated an increase in feelings satisfaction to the task and that men increased physical self causes higher levels of resilience than in women (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar e analisar as relações entre clima motivacional, autoconceito físico e resiliência, com base no gênero. 148 judocas participaram com média de idade de 23,09 anos (DP = 6,731) do Chile. Questionários preenchidos clima motivacional (PMCSQ-2), auto físico (AF-5) e resiliência (CD-RISC). Para análise estatística, foram utilizadas equações estruturais, realizadas por multi-grupo (masculino e feminino). Os resultados indicaram uma qualidade aceitável de ajuste do modelo, determinouse que a correlação entre clima e ego clima tarefa é maior em mulheres, eles consideram que quando o clima motivacional aumenta aumenta seu próprio self físico e gerou um aumento na satisfação de sentimentos para o Tarefa e que os homens aumentaram o auto físico provoca níveis mais elevados de resiliência do que nas mulheres (AU)

Autoconcepto, actividad física y familia: Análisis de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales / Self-concept, physical activity and family: analysis of a structural equation model / Autoconceito, actividade física e família: análise de um modelo de equações estruturais

El presente estudio fue realizar un análisis psicosocial del autoconcepto en adolescentes españoles, considerando de manera simultánea variables personales, familiares, académicas y físico-deportivas. Los participantes fueron 2.134 adolescentes de ambos sexos, procedentes de veinte centros educativos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años. Se llevó a cabo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica la varianza en un 63.12% y se explora el efecto que tenía la práctica de actividad física, sobre las dimensiones del Test de Autoconcepto Forma-5 (AF-5) de García y Musitu (1999). Los resultados, señalan que el modelo se ajusta correctamente, y que de todas las dimensiones la familiar es la que mayor peso presenta, y la práctica de actividad física no es causa del resto de variables de este modelo (AU)

This study was made to carry out a psychosocial analysis of self-concept in Spanish adolescents, simultaneously considering personal, physical, sports, family and academic variables. The participants were 2,134 adolescents of both genders, from twenty Secondary Schools, aged between 15 and 18 years old. A structural equation model was made that explained the variance at 63.12% and explored the effect that physical activity had using the dimensions of the Autoconcepto Forma-5 (AF-5) Test by García and Musitu (1999). The results show that the model was correctly adjusted and that, out of all the dimensions, family has the greatest weight and that the practice of physical activity is not a cause of other variables in the model (AU)

O presente estudo visou realizar uma análise psicossocial do autoconceito em adolescentes espanhóis, considerando simultaneamente variáveispessoais, familiares académicas e físico-desportivas. Os participantes foram 2.134 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, precedentes de vinte centros educativasde Educação Secundária Obrigatória, com idades compreendidas entre os 15e os 18 anos. Foi realizado um modelo de equações estruturas que explica63.12% da variância, explorando-se de igual modo o efeito que teria a prática de actividade física, sobre as dimensões do Teste de Autoconceito Forma-5(AF-5) de García e Musitu (1999). Os resultados, demonstram que o modelo se ajusta correctamente, e que de todas as dimensões, a familiar é a quemaior peso apresenta, e a prática de actividade física não é causa das restantes variáveis deste modelo

Physical activity and health-related quality of life in schoolchildren: structural equations analysis / Actividad física y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en escolares: análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales

The aim of this research was to develop an explanatory model of body mass index (BMI), health-related quality of life, and physical activity, and to analyse the effects of the physical variables on the levels of physical activity, self-esteem and health-related quality of life. A crosssectional study was conducted on a sample of 631 Spanish schoolchildren (12.5 ± 1.4 years old). They completed questionnaires on self-esteem (Rosemberg test), physical activity (PAQ-C), Mediterranean diet (KIDMED), quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27) and had their BMI and maximum oxygen uptake measured. Structural equations constituted the statistical analyses. A correlation was found between lower BMI and fewer hours of self-reported screen time which was also conducive to higher cardio-respiratory levels and greater engagement in physical activity. More physical activity and better dietary care were related generally with higher health-related quality of life and self-esteem. The model demonstrated acceptable goodness of fit. Findings of the study suggest physical activity and positive dietary behaviours should be promoted in Spanish schools as incremental improvements have the potential to concordantly improve a large range of healthful outcomes including health-related quality of life, self-esteem and BMI

El objetivo de este estudio es contrastar un modelo exploratorio del índice de masa corporal (IMC), calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y actividad física, y analizar los efectos de las variables físicas en los niveles de actividad física, autoestima y calidad de vida. Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 631 escolares españoles (12.5 ± 1.4 años). Estos cumplimentaron los cuestionarios de autoestima (test de Rosemberg), actividad física (PAC-C), dieta mediterránea, (KIDMED), calidad de vida (KIDSCREEN-27), además de medir su IMC y consumo máximo de oxígeno. Se emplearon ecuaciones estructurales para realizar los análisis estadísticos. Se observó que la correlación entre un bajo IMC y pocas horas de pantalla se asoció a buenos niveles cardio-respiratorios y a un aumento de los niveles de actividad física. Realizar más actividad física y seguir buenos patrones alimentarios se asoció a un aumento generalizado de la calidad de vida, lo cual se traducía en un aumento de la autoestima. Los resultados indicaron un buen ajuste y fiabilidad del modelo. Como conclusiones, la relación entre un bajo IMC y un menor tiempo de pantalla generó una mayor capacidad aeróbica y un incremento de los niveles de actividad física. Cuando la actividad física aumenta hay un incremento generalizado de la calidad de vida asociada a la salud y la autoestima

Significado pronóstico de la implantación de marcapasos transitorio en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio / Prognostic Significance of Temporary Pacemakers Insertion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introducción y objetivos. La indicación de marcapasos transitorio en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio fue motivo de estudio en la era pretrombolítica, sin que se haya determinado si la generalización de la fibrinólisis ha podido conducir a un cambio en la indicación y significado pronóstico de la estimulación transitoria. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la incidencia y el significado pronóstico de la implantación de marcapasos transitorio en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio. Pacientes y métodos. En 1.239 pacientes ingresados consecutivamente por infarto agudo de miocardio estudiamos las características clínicas y el pronóstico dependiendo de la implantación o no de marcapasos transitorio. Atendiendo a la mortalidad hospitalaria, las variables con significación estadística en el análisis univariado fueron introducidas en un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados. Se indicó estimulación transitoria en 55 casos (4,4 por ciento), profiláctica en el 22 por ciento y terapéutica en el resto. Se implantaron marcapasos en el 55 por ciento de los pacientes con bloqueo auriculoventricular avanzado y en el 10 por ciento de los bloqueos de rama. La implantación de marcapasos se asoció a una mayor afección electrocardiográfica y a un pico más elevado de creatinfosfocinasa, con independencia de su asociación a tratamiento trombolítico. Las siguientes complicaciones acompañaron con más frecuencia a la estimulación transitoria: fibrilación auricular, insuficiencia cardíaca, bloqueo de rama derecha, bloqueo auriculoventricular avanzado y mortalidad hospitalaria (45,4 frente al 10,2 por ciento; p < 0,001). La necesidad de implantación de marcapasos fue menor en los pacientes que recibieron trombólisis que en aquellos que no la recibieron (3,0 frente a 6,1 por ciento; p < 0,02). La implantación de marcapasos tuvo un valor pronóstico independiente sobre la mortalidad hospitalaria (OR = 5,51; IC del 95 por ciento, 2,71-11,19).Conclusión. La implantación de marcapasos transito- rio en el infarto agudo de miocardio es menos frecuente que la referida en la era pretrombolítica, se asocia a unos mayores índices de extensión del infarto y de la mortalidad y tiene un valor predictivo independiente sobre la mortalidad hospitalaria (OR = 5,51; IC del 95 por ciento, 2,71-11,19) (AU)