Automated calibration of consensus weighted distance-based clustering approaches using sharp.

MOTIVATION: In consensus clustering, a clustering algorithm is used in combination with a subsampling procedure to detect stable clusters. Previous studies on both simulated and real data suggest that consensus clustering outperforms native algorithms. RESULTS: We extend here consensus clustering to allow for attribute weighting in the calculation of pairwise distances using existing regularized approaches. We propose a procedure for the calibration of the number of clusters (and regularization parameter) by maximizing the sharp score, a novel stability score calculated directly from consensus clustering outputs, making it extremely computationally competitive. Our simulation study shows better clustering performances of (i) approaches calibrated by maximizing the sharp score compared to existing calibration scores and (ii) weighted compared to unweighted approaches in the presence of features that do not contribute to cluster definition. Application on real gene expression data measured in lung tissue reveals clear clusters corresponding to different lung cancer subtypes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The R package sharp (version ≥1.4.3) is available on CRAN at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sharp.

Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat.

Marine organisms are affected by the ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Several protocols have been described to extract and quantify MPs in seafood, although their complex matrices, with high level of fat, can compromise the efficiency of MPs extraction. To solve this issue, the present study aimed to develop a detailed methodology suitable to process seafood samples with different levels of fat, namely fish and molluscs, from fresh and canned sources, including the immersive liquids from the cans. Sample digestion was tested using different solutions (10% KOH, 30% H2O2), temperatures (40 °C, 65 °C) and incubation times (24, 48, 72 h). For fat removal, three detergents (two laboratory surfactants and a commercial dish detergent) and 96% ethanol were tested, as well as the manual separation of fat. The methodology optimized in this study combined a digestion with 30% H2O2 at 65 °C, during 24 to 48 h, with a manual separation of the fat remaining after the digestion. All steps from the present methodology were tested in six types of polymers (PE-LD, PET, PE, AC, PS, and lycra), to investigate if these procedures altered the integrity of MPs. Results showed that the optimized methodology will allow for the efficient processing of complex seafood samples with different fat levels, without compromising MPs integrity (recoveries rate higher than 89% for all the polymers tested).

Uncovering microplastics contamination in canned seafood.

There is limited research on the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in canned seafood. All types of canned seafood investigated in the present study were contaminated. After sample digestion in 30 % hydrogen peroxide, a total of 40 MPs were recovered. Fibers were the most common type, blue was the dominant colour, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified polyester as the most common polymer. Considering all samples, an average of 3.5 ± 5.2 MPs/can was obtained, with octopus in tomato sauce and tuna in olive oil presenting the highest contamination (5.2 ± 7.5 MPs/can and 5.2 ± 5.1 MPs/can, respectively). Also, significant differences between the number of MPs in the seafood tissues and immersion liquids were verified. The present study demonstrates MPs occurrence in canned seafood, a potential contamination pathway for humans. More research on the different stages of the canning processing is vital for understanding MPs contamination in cans.

Effect of chemical cleaning agents on the flexural strength of acrylic and hard denture line resins.

This study sought to evaluate the disinfectants, Efferdent (EF) and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH), and their effects on the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the hard denture liners, Kooliner (K) and New Truliner (NT), and a thermoacrylic resin, QC-20. Ninety specimens were made (50 mm x 10 mm x 3 mm) and divided into 9 groups (n = 10). The 3 control groups were Group 1: QC-20 without disinfection cycles, Group 2: K, and Group 3: NT. The 6 experimental groups were Group 4: QC-20 in EF, Group 5: K in EF, Group 6: NT in EF, Group 7: QC-20 in SH, Group 8: K in SH, and Group 9: NT in SH. Specimens were subjected to 360 cycles of disinfection involving 35-minute cycles of immersion in cleaning solutions. The materials' flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were determined using a universal testing machine at a 5 mm/minute speed of compression. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). Regardless of the disinfection method used, the NT hard denture liner showed the lowest flexural strength values (P < 0.05) and modulus of elasticity (P < 0.0001) compared to K and QC-20. However, flexural strength values increased after applying SH and EF (P < 0.05). QC-20 showed a higher modulus of elasticity (P < 0.033), which increased after EF was applied (P = 0.005). It can be concluded that the disinfection methods changed the mechanical properties of the tested materials.

Characterization of the cross-lamellar structure of Olivancillaria urceus (Gastropoda: Olividae) and its dissolution pattern.

In this work, we sought to characterize the cross-lamellar microstructure of the gastropod Olivancillaria urceus (Röding, 1798) and its profile after immersion in acid medium. For crystallographic analysis, segments of the valve were removed and crushed. The powder obtained was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) techniques. For microstructural analysis, eight sections were taken from the shell using a rotary saw. The face of interest of each section was polished with Saint Gobain silicon carbide abrasive powder with mesh sizes of 320, 500, 600, and 1000. The eight sections were divided into four groups of two samples. Three groups were left in 4 % glacial acetic acid solution diluted in water for intervals of 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively, and the control group was not degraded. All wafers were then analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscopy to ascertain the microstructure. The angle and thickness of the layers were determined by Image J software. As a result of the FTIR-ATR technique, a transmittance spectrum was obtained whose valleys represent the vibrational modes of the carbonate ion. The diffractogram peaks and their respective Miller indices, are characteristic of the aragonite crystallographic structure and a small fraction of calcite. The micrographs obtained exposed 3 layers of cross-lamellar microstructure, however, the third and innermost layer showed discontinuity. The angle and average thickness were (105 ± 2)° and (727 ± 5)µm for the outermost layer and (116 ± 3)° and (668 ± 6)µm for the middle layer. The tablets immersed in acid medium showed loss of orientation of the calcium carbonate grains after 40 min and 60 min. Thus, the O. urceus shell exhibits orthorhombic calcium carbonate crystallography. Three layers of cross-lamellar microstructure were identified, as well as the configuration of the structure after contact with corrosive media. These results contribute to the characterization of natural materials and serve as a basis for analysis of the preservation potential in the fossil record.

Microplastic contamination in large migratory fishes collected in the open Atlantic Ocean.

Fishes are one of the most important components of the oceans and are exposed to several anthropogenic pressures, namely microplastic (MP), contaminants that are now ubiquitous worldwide. Taking advantage of the 2020 Circumnavigation Expedition carried by the NRP Sagres tall ship of the Portuguese Navy, fish samples from the southern Atlantic ocean were collected to evaluate possible MP contamination. In a total of 14 weeks of campaign, seven large migratory fishes of commercial interest were collected across the middle Atlantic Ocean and along the South American Atlantic coast. All individuals were contaminated with MPs, with an average of 18 ± 11 MPs/fish. In all fish sampled, both the gastrointestinal tract and gills presented MPs, indicating different contamination pathways including via their preys and from surrounding water, respectively. A total of 124 MPs were observed, where 72 % were fibers and 28 % particles, mostly of blue color (85 %), and with rayon and nylon as the most abundant polymers. This study is an important contribution to increase the scientific knowledge of MP contamination in mesopelagic fishes used for human consumption and collected in the open waters, reinforcing the need for further research regarding MP contamination in top predatory species from high trophic levels.

Microplastics and plankton: Knowledge from laboratory and field studies to distinguish contamination from pollution.

Due to their ubiquitous presence, size and characteristics as ability to adsorb pollutants, microplastics are hypothesized as causing a major impact on smaller organisms, such as plankton. Despite this, there is a need to determine whether these impacts just relate to the environmental presence of the materials or their effects on biological processes. Therefore, we aimed to 1) review current research on plankton and microplastics; 2) compare field and laboratory experimental findings, and 3) identify knowledge gaps. The systematic review showed that 70% of the 147 relevant scientific publications were from laboratory studies and microplastics interactions with plankton were recorded in 88 taxa. Field study publications were relatively scarce and the characteristics of microplastics collected in the field were very different from those used in laboratory experiments thereby limiting the comparison between studies. Our systematic review highlighted knowledge gaps in: 1) the number of field studies; 2) the non-comparability between laboratory and field conditions, and 3) the low diversity of plankton species studied. Furthermore, this review indicated that while there are many studies on contamination by microplastics, the effects of this contamination (i.e., pollution per se) have been less well-studied, especially in the field at population, community, and ecosystem levels.

Optimization of processing parameters to control Maillard browning in ready-to-eat processed potatoes.

Relationship among pH, aw and Maillard browning was investigated in processed potatoes ready-to-eat during cooking and sterilization in autoclave to prevent their colors changes. Central composite rotational design was used for optimization of color (L*, a* and b*), browning index and intermediate compounds index. Reduction in the L* value and increase in the a*, b* value and browning index, indicators for Maillard browning of the processed potatoes were mitigated at pH 4.0-5.0 and aw 0.96-1.00 and accelerated at pH less than 3.0 or more than 7.0 and aw less than 0.84. Formation of intermediate compounds was intensified at pH 5.0 and aw 0.99 and mitigated at pH 7.0 and aw 0.84. Adjustment of the pH to 5.0 and keeping aw at to 0.99 were the most effective parameters of to control Maillard browning in processed potatoes ready-to-eat.

Identification of VIMP as a gene inhibiting cytokine production in human CD4+ effector T cells.

Many players regulating the CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory response have already been identified. However, the critical nodes that constitute the regulatory and signaling networks underlying CD4 T cell responses are still missing. Using a correlation-network-guided approach, here we identified VIMP (VCP-interacting membrane protein), one of the 25 genes encoding selenoproteins in humans, as a gene regulating the effector functions of human CD4 T cells, especially production of several cytokines including IL2 and CSF2. We identified VIMP as an endogenous inhibitor of cytokine production in CD4 effector T cells via both the E2F5 transcription regulatory pathway and the Ca2+/NFATC2 signaling pathway. Our work not only indicates that VIMP might be a promising therapeutic target for various inflammation-associated diseases but also shows that our network-guided approach can significantly aid in predicting new functions of the genes of interest.

The role of welding techniques in the biomechanical behavior of implant-supported prostheses.

This in vitro study investigated the role of welding techniques of implant-supported prostheses in the 2D and 3D marginal misfits of prosthetic frameworks, strain induced on the mini abutment, and detorque of prosthetic screws. The correlations between the analyzed variables were also investigated. Frameworks were cast in commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). A marginal misfit of 200µm was simulated in the working models (control group) (n=20). The 2D marginal misfit was analyzed according to the single-screw test protocol using a precision optical microscope. The 3D marginal misfit was performed by X-ray microtomography. Strain gauge analysis was performed to investigate the strain induced on the mini abutment. A digital torque meter was used for analysis of the detorque and the mean value was calculated for each framework. Afterwards, the frameworks were divided into two experimental groups (n=10): Laser (L) and TIG (T). The welding techniques were performed according to the following parameters: L (390V/9ms); T (36A/60ms). The L and T groups were reevaluated according to the marginal misfit, strain, and detorque. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test and Person correlation analysis (α=0.05). Welding techniques statistically reduced the 2D and 3D marginal misfits of prosthetic frameworks (p<0.001), the strain induced on the mini abutment replicas (p=0.006), and improved the screw torque maintenance (p<0.001). Similar behavior was noted between L and T groups for all dependent variables (p>0.05). Positive correlations were observed between 2D and 3D marginal misfit reading methods (r=0.943, p<0.0001) and between misfit and strain (2D r=0.844, p<0.0001 and 3D r=0.864, p<0.0001). Negative correlation was observed between misfit and detorque (2D r=-0.823, p=0.003 and 3D r=-0.811, p=0.005). In conclusion, the welding techniques improved the biomechanical behavior of the implant-supported system. TIG can be an acceptable and affordable technique to reduce the misfit of 3-unit Ti frameworks.

Tecnologia educacional para pessoas em uso de insulina / Educational technology for people using insulin

Objective:To build and validate a printed, flipchart-type, educational technology to support educational actions performed by health professionals for people with diabetes using insulin. Method: Methodological study comprising three steps: in the first, was defined the bibliographic reference for the construction of the flipchart; in the second, the educational technology was built; in the third, the flipchart was validated by the target audience and expert judges. The technology was submitted to the appreciation of ten target audience participants and ten judgesduring the validation process. A data collection instrument addressing criteria related to organization, writing style, appearance and motivation was applied to the target audience, and addressing appearance and content to expert judges. The Content Validation Index (CVI) was applied to data. An agreement index of 0.90 was considered for the flipchart validation. Result: The global CVI was 1.0 for the target audience and 0.98 for the expert judges. Final considerations: The objective of building and validating an educational technology considered suitable for use by its evaluatorswasachieved in the study. The conclusion is that the flipchart is a tool of great potential in health education for people with diabetes in use of insulin.

Objetivo: Construir e validar uma tecnologia educacional, impressa, do tipo álbum seriado para subsidiar ações educacionais de profissionais de saúde para pessoas com diabetes e em uso de insulina. Método: Pesquisa metodológica, contemplando três etapas: na primeira, a definição do referencial bibliográfico para construção do álbum seriado; na segunda, a construção da tecnologia educacional; na terceira, a validação do álbum seriado pelo público alvo e juízes especialistas. Na validação, a tecnologia foi submetida à apreciação de dez participantes públicos alvo e dez juízes. Foi aplicado um instrumento de coleta de dados abordando critérios relacionados à organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e motivação para o público alvo, e aparência e conteúdo para os juízes especialistas. Aos dados foi aplicado o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC). Considerou-se um índice de concordância de 0,90 para validação do álbum seriado. Resultado: O IVC global foi de 1,0 para o público-alvo, e de 0,98 para os juízes especialistas. Considerações finais: O estudo alcançou seu objetivo de construir e validar uma tecnologia educacional, considerada adequada para uso por seus avaliadores. Conclui-se que o álbum seriado é uma ferramenta de grande potencial na educação em saúde de pessoas com diabetes e em uso de insulina.

Ações de rastreio dos cânceres de mama e do colo do útero em uma região do Paraná / Screening actions for breast cancer and cervix cancer on a egion of Paraná - Brasil / Acciones de rastreo de los cánceres de mama y del colo del útero en una región de Paraná

Justificativa e Objetivos: Mundialmente é significativa a mortalidade por câncer de mama e câncer do colo do útero. No Paraná estas incidências estão aumentando, crescendo a necessidade de implementação de rastreio para tratamento precoce para melhorar chances de cura. Para melhor administrar os recursos é necessário conhecer como estão sendo feitos esses exames. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar análise da frequência de realização das ações de rastreio dos cânceres de mama e do colo de útero, com mamografias e colpocitologias, nos anos de 2010 a 2013 e 2006 a 2013, respectivamente, na região do "Consórcio Público Intermunicipal de Saúde do Setentrião Paranaense" (CISAMUSEP), e estimar as coberturas tanto da região do CISAMUSEP quanto do Paraná e compara-las, por faixas etárias das pacientes. Métodos: Foi um estudo transversal utilizando dados secundários do SISMAMA e do SISCOLO. Para calcular coberturas estimou-se uma porcentagem de usuárias do SUS, não alcançando coberturas recomendadas. Resultados: Como resultado foi encontrado um aumento das mamografias de 2010 a 2012 e decréscimo em 2013. Em todos os anos 70% das mulheres que realizaram mamografias tinham de 40 a 59 anos, somente no ano de 2013 realizou-se mais exames entre as mulheres de 50 a 59 anos de idade do que mulheres de 40 a 49 anos. As colpocitologias aumentam e diminuem repetidamente de ano a ano. Sendo que cerca de 80% foram feitas em mulheres com idade de 25 a 64 anos. Conclusão: Comparando-se as coberturas do CISAMUSEP com o estado do Paraná, o primeiro tem melhor desempenho com mamografias e pior desempenho com colpocitologias.(AU)

Background and Objectives: Worldwide mortality from breast and cervical cancer is significant. At Parana ­ Brazil they are increasing, it is growing the need of doing screening to early treatment to improve healing opportunity. To better administrate resources is need know how exams are been doing. The objective of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the accomplishment of the screening actions of breast and cervical cancers, with mammograms and colpocitologys, by the yeas of 2010 to 2013 and 2006 to 2013, respectively, at place of "Public Inter-cities Health Consortium Northern Paraná- Brazil (CISAMUSEP), and to estimate the coverages as CISAMUSEP place as Paraná state, and to compare by patient age interval. Methods: That was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from SISMAMA and SISCOLO. To coverage calculations were estimated percentage of SUS users and didn't reach recommended coverage. Results: As result it was found increase of mammograms from 2010 to 2012 and decrease on 2013. On years of study 70% of women that do mammograms had age about 40 to 59 years old, only in the year of 2013 were done more exams between women of 50 to 59 years old than of 40 to 49 years old. The colpocitology numbers go up and down, repeatedly, year a year. There are 80% of exams were done to women with the age of 25 to 64 years old. Conclusion: When we compare the CISAMUSEP coverage to the Paraná state, the first have better performance to mammograms and worse to colpocitology.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: En todo el mundo es significativa la mortalidad por cáncer de mama y el cuello del útero. En el Paraná estas incidencias están aumentando, creciendo la necesidad de implementación de rastreo para tratamiento precoz para mejorar las posibilidades de curación. Para administrar mejor los recursos es necesario conocer cómo se están realizando estos exámenes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar análisis de la frecuencia de realización de las acciones de cribado de los cánceres de mama y del cuello del útero, con mamografías y colpocitologías, en los años 2010 a 2013 y 2006 a 2013, respectivamente, en la región del "Consorcio Público Intermunicipal de Salud del 2006, (Cisamusep), y estimar las coberturas tanto de la región del Cisamusep como del Paraná y compararlas, por franjas etarias de las pacientes. Métodos: Fue un estudio transversal utilizando datos secundarios del SISMAMA y del SISCOLO. Para calcular coberturas se estimó un porcentaje de usuarias del SUS, no alcanzando coberturas recomendadas. Resultados: Como resultado se encontró un aumento de las mamografías de 2010 a 2012 y decrecimiento en 2013. En todos los años el 70% de las mujeres que realizaron mamografías tenían de 40 a 59 años, sólo en el año 2013 se realizaron más exámenes entre las mujeres de 50 a 59 años de edad que mujeres de 40 a 49 años. Las colpocitologías aumentan y disminuyen repetidamente de año a año. Siendo que alrededor del 80% se hizo en mujeres de 25 a 64 años. Conclusión: En comparación con las coberturas del Cisamusep con el estado de Paraná, el primero tiene mejor desempeño con mamografías y peor desempeño con colpocitologías.(AU)

Perfil das mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama no Município de Maringá-PR / Profile of females with breast cancer in Maringá, Brazil

O câncer de mama é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes no mundo e um dos propósitos das instituições de saúde pública é aumentar os índices de diagnóstico precoce. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os fatores de risco, estadiamento dos tumores e analisar o tempo de investigação. Estudo descritivo realizado no centro de referência de câncer de mama de Maringá a partir da análise de prontuários de mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama do tipo maligno em 2013 e 2014. Mais de 30% das pacientes diagnosticadas estavam fora da faixa etária de rastreamento e o diagnóstico foi tardio em quase 70%. Fatores de risco como obesidade, histórico familiar e uso de terapia de reposição hormonal estavam ausentes na maioria dos casos. O serviço mostrou-se eficaz na realização da biópsia e indicação do tratamento, porém muitos diagnósticos ainda são realizados em estágios avançados da doença sugerindo a necessidade de conscientização da população-alvo à realização dos exames preventivos.

Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide and one of aims of public health institutions is to increase early diagnosis rates. Current descriptive research verifies risk factors, tumor stages and investigation period in a reference center for breast cancer in Maringá PR Brazil through analysis of clinical charts of females diagnosed with malign breast cancer in 2013 and 2014. More than 30% of patients were beyond the age bracket and late diagnosis occurred in almost 70% of cases. Risk factors such as obesity, family history and hormonal reposition therapy were absent in most cases. Service was highly efficient in biopsy and indication of treatment. However, most diagnoses were undertaken in the latter stages of the disease. Awareness in the target population for preventive tests is recommended.

Diagnóstico situacional de pessoas com deficiência acompanhadas em terapia ocupacional em uma unidade básica de saúde / Situational diagnosis of people with disabilities, receiving occupational therapy service in a basic health unit

Trata-se de diagnóstico situacional de adultos com deficiência, identificados por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, no município de São Paulo-SP. Buscou-se reconhecer as principais necessidades de saúde desses sujeitos para contextualizar, ampliar a atenção prestada e favorecer a ação interdisciplinar. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases: 1. Por meio de consultas aos prontuários e ao Sistema de Informações da Atenção Básica, para conhecimento de aspectos sociodemográficos e de saúde de 139 adultos; 2. Visitas domiciliares e entrevistas com 21 adultos com algum tipo de limitação, para realização do detalhamento do diagnóstico situacional. Os resultados mostram um número superior de sujeitos do sexo masculino, em idade economicamente ativa, porém excluídos do mundo do trabalho, com baixa escolaridade e poucas oportunidades de acesso a bens e serviços. Os locais de atendimento mais procurados foram a Unidade Básica de Saúde e o serviço hospitalar, com ênfase no recebimento de cuidados clínicos; porém, há identificação, por parte dos entrevistados, de necessidades no campo do tratamento em reabilitação. O estudo das condições de moradia, das dificuldades enfrentadas para a realização de deslocamentos, para o acesso a atividades de cultura e lazer, além da percepção e da vivência de situações de violência, apontou para fatores que se relacionam entre si e podem favorecer um ciclo de vulnerabilidade social e de não acesso a direitos sociais. É fundamental o reconhecimento de tais necessidades para se planejarem e implementarem ações contextualizadas pelas condições de vida dessa população, num esforço de compor uma rede de cuidados, integral e articulada.

Tecnologia educacional para diabéticos em insulinoterapia / Educational technology for diabetics in insulin therapy

Resumo: Estudo que faz parte do projeto de pesquisa Inovação Tecnológica na Educação Permanente em Saúde e Enfermagem, da linha de pesquisa Gerenciamento de Serviços de Saúde e Enfermagem. O interesse e a motivação desta pesquisa, deu-se em razão do crescente número de pacientes diabéticos, e das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais de saúde ao se depararem com problemas relacionados a falta de informação e conhecimento dos pacientes, sobre o uso da insulina de forma correta e segura no domicilio. O objetivo foi de planejar, construir e avaliar uma tecnologia educacional, impressa, do tipo álbum seriado para subsidiar ações educacionais de profissionais de saúde junto a pacientes diabéticos em insulinoterapia. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, realizado em três etapas: na primeira, deu-se o levantamento e definição do referencial bibliográfico para construção do álbum seriado; na segunda, a construção da tecnologia educacional propriamente dita; na terceira, a validação do álbum seriado pelo público alvo e juízes especialistas. Como resultados, na primeira etapa, definiu-se o protocolo da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes como base teórica. Para a construção, os temas foram organizados em quatro tópicos para compor o álbum seriado, e foram ilustrados, contextualizados com figuras, formas e textos em linguagem acessível, compondo as lâminas, sendo uma página da folha direcionada ao conteúdo para o público-alvo e a outra página com conteúdo para os profissionais da saúde. Na validação, a tecnologia foi submetida à apreciação de dez participantes representantes do público alvo e dez juízes especialistas. Para tanto, foi aplicado um instrumento de coleta de dados composto por escala Likert de 4 pontos, abordando critérios relacionados à organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e motivação para o público alvo, e aparência e conteúdo para os juízes especialistas. Os resultados foram tabulados e foi aplicado o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC) e análise por estatística descritiva. O IVC global foi de 1,0 para o público-alvo, e de 0,98 para os juízes especialistas. Além da avaliação, os participantes contribuíram com sugestões para melhoria da apresentação do material. Conclui-se que o estudo alcançou seu objetivo de construir uma tecnologia educacional, considerada adequada para uso por seus avaliadores. Este álbum seriado apresenta-se como um produto construído no Mestrado Profissional de Enfermagem, da Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Abstract: This study is part of the research project entitled Technological Innovation in Health and Nursing Continuing Education, from the Management of Health and Nursing Services research line, and comprises the planning, construction and validation of an educational technology to support educational actions of health professionals of diabetic patients on insulin therapy. It is relevant due to the increasing number of diabetic patients and the difficulties faced by health professionals when faced with problems arising from patients' lack of knowledge about self-care. Thus, new educational technologies contribute as pedagogical tools in the health education process. This is a methodological study, carried out in three stages: in the first, there was a survey for the definition of the bibliographic reference to build the serial album; in the second, the construction of educational technology itself; in the third, its validation by the target audience and expert judges. As a result, in the first stage, the Brazilian Society of Diabetes protocol was defined as the theoretical basis. For the construction, themes were organized into four topics to compose the serial album, and were illustrated, contextualized with figures, shapes and texts in accessible language, composing the slides, with a page of the sheet directed to the content to the target audience, and the other page with content for health professionals. In validation, the technology was submitted to ten participants representing the target audience and ten expert judges. To this end, a data collection instrument consisting of a 4-point Likert scale was applied, which addressed criteria related to the organization, writing style, appearance and motivation for the target audience, and appearance and content for the expert judges. The results were tabulated and the Content Validation Index (CVI) and descriptive statistical analysis were applied. The overall CVI was 1.0 for the target audience, and 0.98 for expert judges. In addition to the evaluation, the participants contributed suggestions for improving the presentation of the material. It is concluded that the study achieved its goal of building an educational technology, considered suitable for use by its evaluators.

Autoavaliação de saúde e doenças crônicas entre enfermeiros de Pelotas/RS / Self-evaluation of health and chronic disease among nurses from Pelotas/RS / Autoevaluación de salud y enfermedades crónicas entre enfermeros de Pelotas/RS

Descrever a autoavaliação de saúde e a prevalência de doenças crônicas entre enfermeiros. Estudo transversal, realizado com 240 enfermeiros que responderam a questionário estruturado. Fez-se o tratamento dos dados por meio de estatística descritiva e associações com o teste qui-quadrado. A amostra foi composta por enfermeiros, em sua maioria mulheres (90,8%) adultas jovens (69,6%), não casadas (55,4%) e com filhos (53,4%). Na amostra, 35,4% relataram trabalhar mais de 40h, 40% trabalhavam no período noturno, 31,2% conviviam com doenças crônicas e 37,1% avaliaram sua saúde de razoável a ruim. Obteve-se associação significativa entre doenças crônicas, idade superior a 39 anos (p<0,001) e autoavaliação de razoável a ruim sobre a saúde (p<0,001). Diante dos achados, emerge a necessidade de investimentos na assistência à saúde dos enfermeiros, principalmente no que tange ao convívio com doenças crônicas, o que, por conseguinte, influenciará na autoavaliação da saúde desses profissionais e no cuidado prestado...

To describe the self-evaluation of health and the prevalence of chronic diseases among nurses. This cross-sectional study was performed with 240 nurses, who answered a structured questionnaire. Data treatment performed using descriptive statistics and association with the chi-square test. The sample consisted of nurses, mostly women (90.8%), young adults (69.6%), unmarried (55.4%) and with children (53.4%). In the sample, 35.4% reported working more that 40h, 40% worked the night shift, 31.2% had chronic diseases, and 37.1% evaluated their health as being between average and bad. A significant association was obtained between chronic diseases and age above 39 years (p<0.001), and a self-evaluation of health between average and bad (p<0.001). The findings reveal it is necessary to invest in nurses' health care, mainly regarding their living with chronic diseases, which, in turn, will affect the self-evaluation that these professionals make of their own health and of the care that is delivered...

Describir la autoevaluación de salud y la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas entre enfermeros. Estudio transversal, realizado con 240 enfermeros que respondieron cuestionario estructurado. Datos tratados por estadística descriptiva y asociaciones con test de Chi-cuadrado. Muestra compuesta por enfermeros, en su mayoría mujeres (90,8%), adultas jóvenes (69,6%), no casadas (55,4%) y con hijos (53,4%). En la muestra, 35,4% informó trabajar más de 40hs, 40% trabajaba en horario nocturno, 31,2% convivía con enfermedades crónicas y 37,1% evaluaron su salud de razonable a mala. Se obtuvo asociación significativa entre enfermedades crónicas y edad superior a 39 años (p<0,001) y autoevaluación de salud de razonable a mala (p<0,001). Ante tales hallazgos, surge la necesidad de inversiones en atención de salud de los enfermeros, particularmente en lo atinente a la convivencia con enfermedades crónicas, lo cual, por consiguiente, influirá en la autoevaluación de salud de tales profesionales, y en los cuidados brindados...

Educação em saúde em comunidades quilombolas / Health education in quilombola communities

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal dos pais e filhos presentes nas comunidades quilombolas localizadas na região do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo. Métodos: Foram desenvolvidas nas comunidades (André Lopes, Ivaporunduva, Pedro Cubas e Sapatu) atividades educativas e preventivas sobre saúde bucal com as crianças, por meio de palestras, orientações de técnica de escovação, escovação em massa supervisionada, revelação de biofilme dental e aplicação tópica de flúor. Os pais das crianças também participaram das atividades em que foram avaliados sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos, por meio da aplicação de um questionário padronizado. Além disso, também foi realizada a análise da água de abastecimento das comunidades.Resultados: As crianças apresentaram-se entusiasmadas, receptivas e participativas durante o desenvolvimento das atividades educativas e preventivas. Sobre a aplicação dos questionários, 56,0% dos pais declaram que é ruim a saúde bucal dos seus filhos e 47,2% costumam acompanhar a higienização bucal até os seis anos de idade, aproximadamente, sendo que esse acompanhamento não é frequente.Conclusão: Concluiu-se que pais e filhos quilombolas possuem pouco conhecimento sobre saúde bucal, assim observa-se à necessidade de maior atenção à saúde bucal nessas comunidades, por meio de frequentes ações de educação e promoção de saúde bucal.

Objective: To appraise the oral health knowledge of parents and children from the quilombola communities located in the Ribeira Valley, Sao Paulo.Methods: Preventive and educational activities in oral health were developed with children in the communities (Andre Lopes, Ivaporunduva, Pedro Cubas and Sapatu) including lectures, guidance on tooth brushing techniques, supervised mass brushing, detection of tooth biofilm and topical application of fluoride. Parents also participated in the activities. They were evaluated on the oral health of their children by means of a standard questionnaire. The water supply of the communities was also analyzed. Results: The children participated enthusiastically and responsively in the preventive and educational activities. As to the questionnaires, 56% of parents stated that their children?s oral health was poor and 47.2% of them usually follow up on their children?s oral hygiene until they are approximately six years old, but this follow-up is not frequent. Conclusion: We conclude that quilombola parents and children have very little knowledge about oral health. Therefore increased attention to oral health is required in these communities by means of frequent oral health education and promotion.

Avaliação de um treinamento estático de carga parcial de peso / Evaluation of partial static weight load training

O treinamento da marcha com carga parcial é comum na prática do fisioterapeuta, entretanto, na área hospitalar, o tempo para esse treinamento é limitado, durando somente o tempo da internação. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar o efeito do treinamento prévio de carga parcial de peso, em voluntárias sem lesões ortopédicas buscando direcionar esse treinamento para pacientes submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas nos membros inferiores. Participaram deste estudo 32 voluntárias sem alterações posturais ou história de traumas nos membros inferiores. O treinamento de carga parcial foi realizado distribuindo-se 20 por cento da massa corporal total no membro inferior direito em uma balança digital antropométrica. As voluntárias foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo que o grupo I repetiu o treinamento 6 vezes e o grupo II, 12 vezes. Os dados da distribuição estática da carga foram coletados em uma plataforma de pressão Matscan-Tekscan® e comparados no pré e pós-treinamento. Foi verificado que houve diferença significativa no treinamento repetido 12 vezes (p< 0,015). O treinamento prévio de carga parcial mostrou-se eficaz para ser realizado no paciente durante a fase hospitalar, pois com apenas a realização do treinamento uma única vez, repetido 12 vezes, foi observado o aprendizado da carga parcial.

Gait training with partial load is common in a physical therapist practice; however, in the hospital environment, the time for this training is limited, lasting only for the time of hospitalization. Therefore, this study was aimed to check on the effects of previous partial weight load training in volunteers without orthopaedic injuries seeking to indicate it to patients submitted to orthopaedic surgeries on lower limbs. 32 volunteers showing no postural changes or history of trauma on lower limbs were included in this study. The partial load training was carried out by distributing 20 percent of the total body mass on the right lower limb in an anthropometric digital scale. The volunteers were divided into two groups, with group I repeating the drill 6 times, and group II 12 times. Data about the static load distribution were collected by a pressure platform Matscan-Tekscan® and compared on the pre- and post-training periods. A significant difference was found for 12-repetitions drills (p<0.015). Pre-training with partial weight load was shown to be effective to be applied on patients during hospitalization period, because with only a single drill repeated 12 times, partial load learning was noticed.