Dietary intake of methyl donor nutrients in relation to metabolic health status, serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adropin.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a lack of evidence on dietary intake of methyl donor nutrients with metabolic health status and related biomarkers. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relation between methyl donor nutrients intake and metabolic health status with regarding the interactive roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin in Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 527 Iranian adults (45.7% female) selected by multistage cluster random-sampling method. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' dietary intake. Metabolic unhealthy status was defined by Wildman criteria as having ≥ 2 of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hypertension, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Concentrations of metabolic parameters, BDNF and adropin were determined using fasting blood samples. RESULTS: An inverse association was found between methyl donor nutrients intake and metabolically unhealthy status in multivariable-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.12-0.75). This association was especially significant among overweight/obese adults and was stronger in women. Additionally, consumption of vitamin B6 and choline was separately related to reduced odds of metabolically unhealthy status. Methyl donor intake was not significantly related to low BDNF (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.60-1.44) and adropin (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.44-1.15). However, the interaction between high methyl donor nutrients intake and high BDNF was related to lower odds of metabolically unhealthy status in multivariable-adjusted model (ORMDNS∗BDNF = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.11-0.67). CONCLUSION: Higher intake of methyl donor nutrients, alone and in interaction with BDNF levels, was associated with decreased odds of metabolically unhealthy status in Iranian adults.

Dietary Phytochemical Index in Relation to Metabolic Health Status, Serum Adropin, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Adults.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of phytochemicals with metabolic health status and underlying mechanisms. Objectives: Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of phytochemicals with metabolic health status and underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that dietary phytochemical index (DPI) improves metabolic health status by ameliorating serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 527 adults (286 males and 241 females). The dietary intakes of participants were collected by a 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and DPI was estimated as a percentage of energy intake derived from phytochemical-rich foods. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profiles, and biochemical variables were assessed. The metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype was determined based on the definition presented by Wildman et al. Results: The MU phenotype was identified in 51.4% of male and 32.0% of female participants. Participants in the third tertile of DPI had 59% lower odds of MU than those in the first tertile (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87) after considering potential confounders. Stratified analysis by sex and body mass index indicated that DPI was inversely related to MU phenotype in females (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.97) and normal-weight individuals (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.62). DPI was also inversely associated with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and chronic inflammation. Nonsignificant reduced odds of low BDNF (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.84) and adropin (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.79) were observed in individuals in the top tertile of DPI compared with those in the bottom tertile. Conclusions: This study showed that individuals with higher dietary intake of phytochemicals had lower odds of MU, particularly females and normal-weight individuals. No significant relationship was observed between serum BDNF and adropin with phytochemical intake.

Nutrient patterns in relation to metabolic health status and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin in adults.

The present study aimed to investigate the association of nutrient patterns (NPs) with metabolic health status and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional survey was performed on 527 adults aged 20-60 years in Isfahan, Iran. To evaluate dietary intake, a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. Participants were categorized as metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MU) according to their glycemic and lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation status. An overnight fasting blood sample was collected from each participant and serum levels of BDNF and adropin were assessed. A total of 42.50% of participants were recognized as MU. Three NPs were recognized by factor analysis that labeled as "high animal protein" (NP1), "high vegetable" (NP2), and "high carbohydrate" (NP3) patterns. Moderate adherence to NP2 was related to a lower risk of MU (ORT2 vs. T1 = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18-0.76). Moreover, high adherence of NP2 (T3 vs. T1) was inversely associated with hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11-0.65; P-trend < 0.001) and high hs-CRP values (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-1.00; P-trend = 0.03). No significant association was observed between adherence of NP1 and NP3 with MU in crude and adjusted models. However, negative associations were found between moderate adherence to NP3 and insulin resistance (IR) (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.91) as well as high adherence to NP1 and hypertension (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.61; P-trend < 0.001). NPs were not associated with serum BDNF and adropin values.

Adherence to Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet in Relation to Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations and Metabolic Health Status in Adults.

Background: There is a lack of data regarding the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and metabolic health. Objectives: This study assessed the relation between MIND diet and metabolic health status relative to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 527 adults (286 males and 241 females) recruited from 20 schools in 6 different educational districts of Isfahan, Iran. Dietary intakes of participants were collected by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and MIND diet score was estimated. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and BDNF concentrations were assessed for all participants. The metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype was determined based on blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profiles, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Results: The frequency of MU phenotype among obese/overweight and normal-weight individuals was 79.5 % and 20.5 %, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, individuals in the top tertile of the MIND diet scores had 58 % lower odds of having the MU phenotype than individuals in the bottom tertile (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.42; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.90). In the fully adjusted model, females and normal-weight individuals had 81 % (OR: 0.19; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.83) and 89 % (OR: 0.11; 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.69) lower chance of developing the MU phenotype, respectively. In addition, significant inverse associations between adherence to the MIND diet and high-blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia were found. No significant association was found between adherence to MIND diet and odds of low BDNF concentrations. Conclusions: Adherence to MIND diet is inversely associated with odds of MU phenotype, especially among women and normal-weight individuals. BDNF concentration is not associated with MIND diet and MU status.

Diet in relation to Metabolic, sleep and psychological health Status (DiMetS): protocol for a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic disturbances are of major health concerns in the world. In addition to their high prevalence, these disorders have substantial roles in developing other physical and mental diseases. Diet could have a considerable influence on managing the progression of these conditions and their consequent health-related effects. The aim of the 'Diet in relation to Metabolic, sleep and psychological health Status' Project is to explore the association of nutrition with metabolic, sleep and mental health, considering potential mediators including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This cross-sectional study will be conducted on adults (20-65 years) working in schools of Isfahan, Iran. A multistage cluster random sampling method will be used to select participants. Anthropometric, body composition and biochemical values including fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, insulin, BDNF, adropin, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, uric acid, creatinine and C reactive protein will be measured for each participant. National Cholesterol Education Program and Adult Treatment Panel III will be considered to define metabolic syndrome. Diet will be assessed through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Furthermore, sleep status, mental health, quality of life, physical activity and demographic status of individuals will be assessed by validated questionnaires. The collected data will be analysed using appropriate statistical methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. All participants will provide written informed consent. Dissemination will be through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.