Assessment of CT angiographic findings in comparison with echocardiography findings of chest among patients with aortic arch anomalies.

The objective of this study was to examine the findings of computed tomographic (CT) angiography in patients with aortic arch anomalies in comparison with transthoracic echocardiography findings who referred to a private imaging center in Tehran during 2009-2012. The cases included 203 patients with clinical symptoms or echocardiogram of congenital heart disease to assess the presence of aortic arch anomalies among patients referred to imaging center. This study is a retrospective study based on the CT angiographic findings in comparison with transthoracic echocardiography findings of chest among patients with aortic arch anomalies. In this study, 203 patients with congenital anomalies were enrolled in the study, among those, 107 patients were men and 96 were female. The most common anomaly of the aortic arch was found to be coarctation (19.7%), followed by right sided arch with mirror image branching (19.2%). Furthermore, the most common cardiac anomalies associated with aortic arch anomalies were VSD, PA and PDA. The sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies was 59% and 100% in comparison with CT angiography. In addition, the agreement between the two methods (kappa) in the diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies was 0.72. But, transthoracic echocardiography is the first diagnostic method for patients with congenital heart disease. In some patients, the ability of this method was limited to the detection of coronary artery anomalies and thoracic vessels. Therefore, CT is used for morphological evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) due to its main advantages including fast acquisition time, large anatomical coverage, high speed, and great spatial resolution. Moreover, CT is essential for proper evaluation of CHD regarding its high spatial and temporal resolution.

Doxycycline Improves Quality of Life and Anosmia in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex disorder and effective treatment remains a major challenge. Some antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties are reported to have potential to be used as an adjunct therapy in the management of chronic airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in CRSwNP. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study, we assessed the efficacy of doxycycline in patients with moderate to severe CRSwNP. A total of 100 patients were randomly assigned to receive either doxycycline (200 mg on the first day followed by 100 mg daily) or placebo for 6 weeks. All patients received baseline therapy with fluticasone, montelukast, and nasal irrigation during the study. The primary outcome was quality of life based on the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) questionnaire. We measured peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and severity of symptoms by visual analogue scale (VAS). Baseline blood eosinophil count, serum IgE level, eosinophil in nasal secretions, and Lund-Mackay score based on low dose paranasal CT scan were also recorded. RESULTS: Treatment with doxycycline significantly improved SNOT-22 (P = .037) and sense of smell (P = .048). The baseline SNOT-22 score had no effect on outcomes. The effect of doxycycline on quality of life in patients with or without nasal eosinophilia was not significantly different. Change in SNOT-22 score was also not correlated with serum IgE (P = .220, r = -0.186) and the eosinophil count (P = .190, r = -0.198). CONCLUSION: Doxycycline improves the quality of life in patients with CRSwNP. It also has temporarily beneficial effects in improving the sense of smell. The levels of eosinophil in the blood and nasal secretions do not affect the response to treatment. Hence, doxycycline can be used in both eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic nasal polyps.This study was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. https://www.irct.ir/ IRCTID: IRCT20210403050817N1.

Retro-aortic inverted left renal vein: a rare anomaly found in a renal donor.

Awareness of the renal vascular anatomy including variants of the renal vein is important for abdominal and renal surgeries, such as renal transplantation. The complex embryological development of the renal vein results in the following variations: additional renal veins on the left side, circum-aortic renal collar and retro-aortic renal veins. In this report, we present a case of a 35-year-old renal donor who had a rare renal vein anomaly that had been shown by computed tomography (CT) angiography. The left renal vein was single, and just before draining into the inferior vena cava (IVC) made two branches craniocaudally, which both passed posteriorly to the aorta and entered separately into the IVC.

An aneurysm at the site of the fenestration of the middle cerebral artery in a patient with multiple aneurysms: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) fenestration is a very rare anatomical variant of the MCA, incidentally found during magnetic resonance or computed tomography angiography. It has an incidence of 0.6%. Unlike fenestration of the posterior cerebral arterial circulation, fenestration of the anterior cerebral arterial circulation has not been well described. METHODS: We present the rare case of a patient who was admitted for a ruptured aneurysm of the MCA arising at the site of the fenestration of the MCA and also an unruptured fusiform aneurysm of the right posterior communicating artery and a distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm. RESULTS: The patient underwent craniotomy with microsurgical aneurysm clipping and the previously undiagnosed ruptured aneurysm, at the site of the fenestration of the MCA, arose immediately. Postoperatively, the patient awoke without a deficit. After treatment of postoperative bacterial meningitis, he was discharged on the 26(th) postoperative day in good condition without any neurologic deficit. Six months after the first surgery, he was operated for the distal azygos ACA aneurysm. CONCLUSION: Anomalies of the intracranial vasculature are common, and we describe a rare case of left MCA fenestration with an associated ruptured aneurysm at the site of the fenestration. In the literature, cases of fenestration of the MCA are sporadically reported and are only incidental findings.

Anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein mimicking pulmonary nodules on HRCT of the lungs and scimitar syndrome on chest radiograph: multidetector CT findings.

Anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein is an extremely rare anomaly of the pulmonary venous system. It is often confused with other pulmonary abnormalities such as hypogenetic lung (scimitar) syndrome, pulmonary varices, pulmonary nodules, and arteriovenous malformations. We present imaging findings including multidetector computerized tomography in a case of anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein mimicking pulmonary nodules on high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs and scimitar syndrome on chest radiograph in an asthmatic girl.