Declarative knowledge in oral health: The case of the term 'centric occlusion'.

INTRODUCTION: The lack of academic agreement in the practical or clinical use of declarative knowledge can generate unnecessary confusion and miscommunication. The concept Centric Occlusion (CO) is part of the body of declarative knowledge in dentistry, but its definition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the CO concept in articles published in dental journals as a study case for the dentistry "corpus" of declarative knowledge. METHODOLOGY: The alternative definitions of CO used by the GPT (Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms) from 1956-1977, 'CO as a synonym for maximum intercuspal contact (MIC)', or by the GPT from 1987-2017, 'CO may or may not coincide with MIC', were searched in the articles. The association between the CO definition used and variables such as article aims, journal scope and authors specialty was assessed. RESULTS: Eight hundred and twelve articles were analysed. The widespread use of CO as synonym of MIC was the main finding and was significantly associated to the Orthodontics field. The CO definition according to the GPT 1987-2017 was less frequently observed but appeared in all dentistry fields, showing a significant association with the Oral Rehabilitation field. The difficulty of incorporating the current definition of CO (by GPT) into the main clinical discussions was evidenced all the long of the review process. CONCLUSION: The lack of consensus in the concept use was confirmed by the present study case, showing the influence of specific fields in Oral Health declarative knowledge. This methodology can provide a tool to the academy to assess controversial terms or concepts in Oral Health education, thus facilitating the critical and reflexive learning by students.

Computed tomography scan in supine and prone positions: an alternative method to detect intramural gas in emphysematous cystitis and to evaluate efficacy after adjuvant continuous intravesical irrigation treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of continuous intravesical irrigation with saline plus amikacin as adjuvant therapy and to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) scan in supine and prone positions (CystoCT scan) as an alternative diagnostic and evaluation method of intramural gas in emphysematous cystitis (EC) before and after treatment. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of EC who were hospitalized between March 2006 and January 2011 were investigated. The diagnosis was made by CystoCT scan. Treatment consisted of intravenous antibiotics, control of concomitant diseases, and placement of a 3-way urinary catheter for continuous irrigation of 500 mg of amikacin diluted in 1 l of saline given on days 0, 3, and 7. Treatment was considered successful when there was an absence of gas in the bladder wall, the urine culture was negative, there was clinical improvement, and there was an absence of toxicity. RESULTS: Eleven patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of EC during the study period. Four were excluded from the study, 2 due to the lack of confirmation of the diagnosis with the CystoCT scan. Treatment was successful in all patients; for 6 (86%) this was achieved in 3 days and for 1 (14%) in 7 days. No toxicity was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous intravesical irrigation with saline plus amikacin as adjuvant treatment of EC is an inexpensive, effective, and safe tool that might help conventional treatment and provide a rapid recovery. The CystoCT scan is an alternative method to diagnose and evaluate intramural gas in EC patients. These findings should be challenged in a randomized, multi-centre, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Predicting Cardiovascular Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Using Transfer Feature Learning.

Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, cardiovascular rehabilitation programs are crucial to mitigate the deaths caused by this condition each year, mainly in patients with coronary artery disease. COVID-19 was not only a challenge in this area but also an opportunity to open remote or hybrid versions of these programs, potentially reducing the number of patients who leave rehabilitation programs due to geographical/time barriers. This paper presents a method for building a cardiovascular rehabilitation prediction model using retrospective and prospective data with different features using stacked machine learning, transfer feature learning, and the joint distribution adaptation tool to address this problem. We illustrate the method over a Chilean rehabilitation center, where the prediction performance results obtained for 10-fold cross-validation achieved error levels with an NMSE of 0.03±0.013 and an R2 of 63±19%, where the best-achieved performance was an error level with a normalized mean squared error of 0.008 and an R2 up to 92%. The results are encouraging for remote cardiovascular rehabilitation programs because these models could support the prioritization of remote patients needing more help to succeed in the current rehabilitation phase.

Muscular partitioning in the semitendinosus muscle of the pig / Compartimientos musculares del músculo semitendinoso del cerdo

Neuromuscular compartments are subvolumens supplied by a primary nerve branch with homogeneous fiber characteristics. This muscular organization is important for understanding the muscle function in relation to postural and dynamic implications and also is relevant for appraising meat quality. Current researches associate fiber muscle characteristics with perimortem processes that regulate muscle transformation into meat. It is known that pig muscle has four heavy chain myosin isoforms: I, IIa, IIx and IIb. Castrated male pigs were slaughtered at 100 kg live weight. Semitendinosus muscle samples of each subvolumen determined previously (R1, R2, R3, R4) were frozen in liquid nitrogen and reacted for myofibrillar ATPase and NADH-TR for determining fiber types and oxidative capacity respectively. It were identified I, IIA and IIX/IIB fiber types. The frequency distribution of the I, IIA, and IIX/IIB fiber types were significantly greater in R1- R4, R4 and R3 respectively. The CSA of all fiber types was significantly larger in R1 than other compartments, notwithstanding CSA did not vary significantly among fiber types; oxidative capacity was significantly greater in R4. These results show a heterogeneousness of the muscle which would explain probably the disagreements documented between characteristics of fiber and meat quality traits.

Los compartimientos neuromusculares son subvolúmenes abastecidos por un ramo nervioso primario, los cuales poseen características fibrilares homogéneas. Esta organización muscular es importante para entender la función muscular en relación tanto en la estática y dinámica como en la apreciación de la calidad de la carne. Actuales investigaciones asocian características fibrilares con procesos perimorten que regulan la transformación del músculo en carne. Es conocido que en el músculo del cerdo están presentes cuatro cadenas pesadas de miosina: I, IIa, IIx y IIb. Cerdos machos castrados fueron faenados a los 100K kg de peso vivo. Muestras musculares de cada subvolumen del músculo semitendinoso, previamente determinados (R1, R2, R3, R4), fueron congeladas en nitrógeno líquido y tratadas con las reacciones de ATPasa miofribrilar y NADH-TR para determinar los tipos fibrilares y la capacidad oxidativa, respectivamente. Fueron identificadas los tipos fibrilares I, IIA y IIX/IIB. La frecuencia de distribución de los tipos fibrilares I, IIA, y IIX/IIB fueron significativamente mayores en R1- R4, R4 y R3, respectivamente. La CSA de todos los tipos fibrilares fueron significativamente mayores en R1 que en los otros compartimientos, sin embargo CSA no varía en forma significativa entre los tipos fibrilares; la capacidad oxidativa fue significativamente mayor en R4. Estos resultados evidencian una heterogeneidad muscular la cual podría probablemente explicar los desacuerdos documentados entre las características de las fibras y su relación con la evaluación de la calidad de la carne.