Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) mediated Co nanoparticles with their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and methyl orange dye adsorption properties.

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that uses medicinal plants to extract nanoparticles for conventional applications. In the present investigation, the medical plant Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) has used in the synthesis of cobalt (Co) nanoparticles in a cost-effective, feasible process. The efficiency of nanoparticles in removing methyl orange dye was evaluated by analyzing their applications in wastewater treatment. An analysis of the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of Tulsi-mediated Co nanoparticles was conducted to examine their medical application. Morphological analysis of Co nanoparticles showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were in crystal shape with a mean particle size of 110 nm. A batch adsorption study has shown that incubation periods of 5 h, pH 2, temperatures of 70 °C, and adsorbent dosage of 125 µg/mL are optimal for removing methyl orange dye from wastewater. To examine the anti-inflammatory properties of Tulsi-mediated Co nanoparticles, protein denaturation and nitric oxide scavenging assays were performed. The maximum anti-inflammatory response was recorded at a concentration of 250 µg/mL of Co nanoparticles. MTT assays against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the anti-cancer properties of Co nanoparticles. This study investigates the economical extraction of Co nanoparticles from tulsi and its potential use in wastewater purification and biomedical applications.

Green synthesized Cobalt oxide nanoparticles using Curcuma longa for anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, dye degradation and anti-cancer property.

In the present study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using the root extract of Curcuma longa in a manner that is both environmentally friendly and economical. Initially, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis, in which plasma resonance at 345 nm was observed, which confirmed that CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. While FTIR analysis showed a peak at 597.37 cm-1 indicating Co-O stretching vibration. In addition, DLS, SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the synthesis of polydispersed (average size distribution of 97.5 ± 35.1 nm), cubic phase structure, and spherical-shaped CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles. CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized from green materials showed antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), while CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles additionally displayed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. CL-Cobalt oxide also showed application in a bioremediation perspective by showing strong photocatalytic degradation of methyl red, methyl orange and methyl blue dye. In addition, CL-Cobalt oxide also demonstrated anticancer activity against MDA-MB-468 cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 150.8 µg/ml. Therefore, this is the first and foremost report on CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Curcuma longa showing antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, dye degradation and anticancer applications.

Deciphering the anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Ti nanoparticles fabricated using Zingiber officinale.

Rapid and sustainable green technology was implemented in the current study to fabricated Ti nanoparticles. The vegetable ginger with the scientific name Zingiber officinale was employed as a biological source in the fabrication process of nanoparticles. The optical, structural, morphological, and particle size of the fabricated Ti nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-visible absorption spectrum, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrum, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) technique and XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) crystallography technique. The presence of spherical-shaped Ti nanoparticles with an average particle size of 93 nm was confirmed based on these characterization techniques. The anti-cancer properties of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were analyzed through MTT assay against cell lines MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) and concentration-dependent anti-cancer properties were observed. The anti-inflammatory capacity of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were examined through protein denaturation and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The antioxidant capacity of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were examined through DPPH assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) analysis. The fabricated Ti nanoparticles exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity in a concentration-dependent pattern.

Bio-functionalized copper oxide/chitosan nanocomposite using Sida cordifolia and their efficient properties of antibacterial, anticancer activity against on breast and lung cancer cell lines.

Nanoparticles synthesis from green chemistry method is gaining a lot of attention due to their non-toxic, low cost and facile. In this study, a copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) was synthesized using Sida cordifolia aqueous leaf extract and incorporated chitosan biomolecules to potential enhancing of biological properties. The CuO NPs and chitosan (CS) embedded nanocomposite was noted as CuO-CS nanocomposite, its was physicochemical characterized by using of UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Bio-functionalized CuO-CS nanocomposite was performed antibacterial efficiency against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli) bacteria through the Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) well diffusion techniques. The highest bactericidal activity was revealed Gram positive of B. subtilis and Gram negative of S. typhi bacteria, respectively. Further, the cytotoxicity effect of biosynthesized nanocomposite was an examined against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and lung cancer A549 cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration is showed at 2 µg/mL for MDA-MB-231and 4 µg/mL was A549 cells. Live/dead cells were detected by fluorescence microscopic observation at the IC50 concentration. In furthermore, bio-functionalized CuO-CS nanocomposite was performed photocatatlytic dye degradation against for industrial dyes of crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG). From the results, synergic bio-functionalized CuO-CS nanocomposite was suggested potential suitable for biomedical applications as well as industrial wastewater treatment.

Photocatalytic degradation of congo red dye using nickel-titanium dioxide nanoflakes synthesized by Mukia madrasapatna leaf extract.

Semiconductor photocatalysts are efficient degraders of organic and inorganic waste water pollutants. Herein, we synthesized nickel-titanium dioxide (Ni-TiO2) nanoflakes using Mukia maderaspatana leafs with the aim of analyzing their photocatalytic degradation potential. Morphological analyses revealed that the nanoflakes were highly agglomerated with an average size of 100 nm. Further, elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ti, O, and Ni, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction established the presence of TiO2 and NiO. We found that photocatalytic degradation of congo red under UV illumination increased with increasing incubation period, demonstrating that Ni-TiO2 nanoflakes can be used as optimal photocatalysts for the degradation of dyes in waste water.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, Antibacterial potential and GC-MS analysis of two medicinal plant extracts.

The presence study was aimed to catalyze the primary metabolites and their confirmation by using GC-MS analysis and antibacterial potential of leaf extract of two important medicinal plant viz., Eucalyptus and Azadirachta indica. The antibacterial potential of the methanol leaf extract of the studied species was tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellap neumoniae, Streptococcus pyogens, Staphylococcus aureus using by agar well diffusion method. The higher zone of inhibition (16mm) was observed against the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100µl concentration of methanol leaf extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of studied species shows that presence of phytochemical compounds like steroids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. GC-MS analysis confirms the occurrence of 20 different compounds in the methanol leaf extract of the both studied species.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaves extract and their evaluation of antibacterial, anticancer in human A549 lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

In currently, biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are most widely used numerous in biological applications such as biosensor, energy, medicine, agriculture, environmental and industrial wastewater treatment. The hierarchical CuO NPs was synthesized via green chemistry method by using of Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) leaf extract, its nontoxic, facile and low-cost approaches. Biogenic synthesized CuO NPs was characterized by using a UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field mission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The synthesized CuO NPs was performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by using agar well diffusion method. Biological synthesized CuO NPs was showed potential bactericidal activity against Gram positive bacteria of B. subtilis than compared to Gram negative bacteria of E. coli. The cytotoxic effect of A. indicum mediated synthesized CuO NPs was evaluated against to human lung A549 and breast MDA-MB-231cancer cell lines by determined using of MTT assay. In furthermore, photocatalytic dye degradation was performed that synthesized CuO NPs have effectively removed 78% of malachite green dye molecule. Our investigation results suggested that the green synthesized CuO NPs potential biological activity of antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacterial, anticancer activity was effectively against MDA-MB-231cancer cell line and good dye degradation was exhibited in malachite green. The A. indicum aqueous leaf extract mediated synthesized CuO NPs has strongly suggested promising nano-biomaterials for fabrication of biomedical applications.

Synthesis of HAp/CS-SA composite for effective removal of highly toxic dyes in aqueous solution.

Textile industry is the major backbone of economy of the developing countries. The major problems associated in the textile factories are release of undesired dye effluents, which is a potential pollution risk for human health as well as the environmental aquatic system. The objective of this study was fabrication of a novel composite to treat textile industry effluents in an ecofriendly manner. In this context, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was derived from the mussel shell biowaste and fabricated with chitosan-sodium alginate through the in-situ method. The prepared HAp/CS-SA composite was physicochemically characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM). The photocatalytic activity of the HAp/CS-SA composite was evaluated by using Congo red (CR), Malachite green (MG) and Methylene blue (MB) as model dyes for degradation in aqueous solutions under solar irradiation. The degradation rate was recorded as CR (88%), MG (81%) and MB (93%) respectively within 75 min of irradiation. The degraded end products were subjected to toxicity assessment by evaluating the phytotoxicity on seed germination of Vigna radiata plant in pot study. The degraded end products were also tested for toxic inhibition of E. coli and P. aeruginosa by agar well diffusion method. The prepared HAp/CS-SA composite had an enhanced photocatalytic activity due to the presence of natural biopolymers and their biological properties. HAp/CS-SA composite showed potential dye degradation properties and it could be effective for dye removal from industrial wastewaters.

Eco-biocompatibility of chitosan coated biosynthesized copper oxide nanocomposite for enhanced industrial (Azo) dye removal from aqueous solution and antibacterial properties.

In the present study, the biogenic synthesis of an ecofriendly and non-toxic chitosan (CS) coated copper oxide NPs (CS-CuO nanocomposite) using Psidium guajava aqueous leaf extract. The biogenic synthesized CS-CuO nanocomposite was characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy analysis (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDS), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared CS-CuO nanocomposite was evaluated for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method as well as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were assessed against both Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis with good inhibition effects on Gram-negative bacteria than the Gram-positive bacteria. The interaction of the CS-CuO nanocomposite with the bacterial membrane was visually observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead cells were differentiated by treatment with acridine orange and ethidium bromide dyes.

Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Ruellia tuberosa: Antimicrobial properties and their applications in photocatalytic degradation.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the promising, ecofriendly and safer methods. Utilizing plant sources as reducing agents will replace the use of toxic chemicals for nanoparticle synthesis. In the present study FeONPs were synthesized using Ruellia tuberosa (RT) leaf aqueous extract, further characterization of FeONPs was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy analysis showing visible peak at 405 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved the presence of Fe metallic ions. The structural characteristic using Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed hexagonal nanorods with agglomeration. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) calculated the average size of FeONPs around 52.78 nm and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) proved the stability of FeONPs till higher temperature of 165.52 °C. As an application part, the synthesized FeONPs showed potential antibacterial activity as individual and incorporating material over cotton fabrics against Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens. FeONPs showed higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and lesser antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized FeONPs was demonstrated by the degrading crystal violet dye under solar irradiation upto 80%. Thus, FeONPs synthesized using Ruellia tuberosa could play a vital role in killing the bacterial pathogens and degrading dye for the bioremediation of wastewater from industrial and domestic sources.

Biosynthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite and its composite (hydroxyapatite-gelatin-chitosan-fibrin-bone ash) for bone tissue engineering applications.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioactive and biocompatible material possessing osteoconductive properties used widely in the biomedical sector. In the present study, synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) using a Klebsiella pneumoniae SM24 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria) isolated from the slaughterhouse. HAp synthesized using biological source showed efficient and positive enzymatic activity in the National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate Medium (NBRIP). Characterization of HAp using FTIR revealed the presence of phosphate group hydroxyapatite and XRD spectra showed polycrystalline nature. The morphological characterization of HAp using FESEM revealed the mesoporous structure and EDX spectrum indicated presence of Ca and P as the major components. In addition, a new bone composite was prepared using the synthesized HAp, Gelatine (G), Chitosan (C), Fibrin (F) and Bone ash (HApGCF) using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution. The confirmation of chemical and structural characteristics of HApGCF bone composite was achieved using FTIR, XRD and SEM analyses. The HApGCF bone composite was tested over osteoblast MG-63 cells showing effective biocompatibility and osteoblast attachment on the composite surface. Therefore, the present report proposes the in vitro application of HApGCF bone composite as a replacement for major bone damage and injury in a biocompatible and non-toxic way.

Synthesis of ecofriendly copper oxide nanoparticles for fabrication over textile fabrics: Characterization of antibacterial activity and dye degradation potential.

Growing concerns over the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles synthesized using physical and chemical techniques seems to be a major hurdle for researchers. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the promising, ecofriendly and safer methods. Utilizing plant sources as reducing agents will replace the use of toxic chemicals for nanoparticle synthesis. Among the various nanoparticles, copper has been theoretically and practically proved for its antimicrobial properties. However, to reduce the risk of copper toxicity, Ruellia tuberosa (R. tuberosa) aqueous extract is used for the synthesis of CuONPs in the present study. Nonetheless, till date no work has been reported on the use of R. tuberosa aqueous extract for the synthesis of CuONPs. In the present study, aqueous extract of R. tuberosa has been used for the synthesis of CuONPs. The synthesis of CuONPs was confirmed by the absorption peak at 327 nm representing the nanorods with an average size of 83.23 nm. Further, the CuONPs revealed antimicrobial effects against clinical pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Embedding CuONPs on cotton fabrics showed bactericidal activity against the bacterial pathogens. In addition, the photocatalytic property of the CuONPs was divulged by their crystal violet (CV) dye degradation potential. Thus, the green synthesized CuONPs using R. tuberosa could provide a remedy against bacterial pathogens in hospital and industrial environments.

Biogenesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Sida acuta and their incorporation over cotton fabrics to prevent the pathogenicity of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.

Textile industry is a major sector providing global financial and employment support to different countries of the world. The major problems of the textile industry are dirt and microbial contaminants affecting the quality of cotton fabrics. Recently, nanoparticles such as silver, chitosan, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide have gained attraction in textile industries to avoid the contamination of fabrics through microbes. The necessity to develop an ecofriendly, efficient and cost effective method for the synthesis of nanoparticles is under the radar. Plant extracts serve as potential reducing and coating agents due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as phenols, lipids, carbohydrates, enzymes, protein molecules etc., which endow effective antimicrobial activity to the nanoparticles. In the present study, biological synthesis of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) was performed using S. acuta leaf extract. CuONPs were synthesized and characterized using UV-vis, FTIR, SEM and TEM analyses. The antimicrobial property of CuONPs was tested against Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) pathogens, which showed zones of inhibition at different concentrations. As the final part of the study, CuONPs were coated over cotton fabrics showing longer stability, which prevented the growth of infectious pathogens. Apart from the antimicrobial activity, CuONPs synthesized using S. acuta possessed effective photocatalytic activity against commercial dyes.