[The organization of chemical toxicological service and medical examination of persons for condition of alcohol drunkenness, fact of consumption of drug and other psychoactive substances in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra].

The article presents the analysis of organization of chemical-toxicological service and in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. The introduction of three-level system for provision of addiction medical care of population and implementation of the principle of zoning made it possible to organize three-level system of chemical-toxicological service that permitted to achieve equal access to chemical-toxicological and addiction care services in all territories of the region. The investments in chemical-toxicological laboratories, supply of modern equipment, advanced training of laboratory specialists, cooperation with leading research centers and professional communities outside of the region allowed timely and accurately identify psychoactive substances, prompt response in cases of mass poisoning with novel psychoactive substances, and quick introduction of advanced methods of chemical-toxicological examination to the medical organizations of the large industrial northern region of Russia.

[Fast HPLC-MS/MS screening method for identification of illegal drugs including new psychoactive substances and their metabolites in human urine]. / Bystraya VEZhKh-MS/MS skriningovaya metodika opredeleniya v moche cheloveka zapreshchennykh narkoticheskikh sredstv, vklyuchaya novye psikhoaktivnye veshchestva, a takzhe ikh metabolity.

Aim of this study was to develop a fast screening method for identification of illegal drugs including new psychoactive substances and their metabolites in human urine by means of liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry HPLC-MS/MS screening method for identification of 138 psychoactive substances in urine was established, validated and tested. High-resolution mass-spectrometry was used for confirmation of the developed approach. The developed method was tested on 50 positive urine samples containing the target compounds, which proved reliability and accuracy of the established screening method.

[The study of fenspiride: goals and objectives for chemical and toxicological studies]. / Izuchenie fenspirida dlia tselei i zadach khimiko-toksikologicheskogo issledovaniia.

The purpose of this work is to study fenspiride for the purposes and tasks of chemical and toxicological research. The technique of chemical-toxicological study of fenspiride in urine by preliminary and confirming methods is proposed. The authors proposed a method of thin - layer chromatography in the solvent system of acetone - 25% ammonia solution (9:1) in a preliminary study of fenspiride. The Rf value of fenspiride is 0.80±0.02. The degree of extraction when used as an extractant mixture of chloroform-propanol (9:1) is 28.1±1.4% The conditions for identification of fenspiride by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (fenspiride retention time 11.1±0.1 minutes), followed by quantitative determination of the analyte, are proposed as a confirming method. The conditions for qualitative (retention time of fenspiride 8.1±0.1 minutes) and quantitative determination of fenspiride by high-performance liquid chromatography are proposed.

[Comparison of sample preparation techniques in chemical-toxicological analysis of urine for the presence of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their metabolites]. / Sravnenie protsedur probopodgotovki pri khimiko-toksikologicheskom issledovanii mochi na nalichie narkoticheskikh sredstv, psikhotropnykh veshchestv i ikh metabolitov.

The sample preparation procedures within undirected chemical-toxicological urine analysis for GCMS and HPLC-MS/MS methods are presented. These methods are intended for analytical diagnosis of the presence of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their metabolites in humans.

[Forensic expertise as a tool for criminalistics prognostication]. / Sudebnaia ékspertiza kak instrument kriminalisticheskogo prognozirovaniia.

The objective of the present study was the criminalistics evaluation of the changes in the structure of the illegal drug market and the volume of drug sales that took place during the recent years. One of the most challenging problems associated with the new situation is the extensive distribution of synthetic cannabimimetics that constitutes one of the most serious threats to the public security. The criminological analysis of the forensic expert practice provided materials for the criminalistics characteristic of the recent events at the criminal drug market in several regions of this country as of 2014 with special reference to the cases of mass poisoning of the young people attributable to the use of the new psychoactive agents. The authors emphasize the important role of forensic medical and other forensic expertises for the identification and comprehensive evaluation of all the factors and circumstances associated with the current situation and characterizing the level of social unsafety under the conditions of the illegal trafficking of the new psychoactive substances. It is concluded that the further improvement of the criminal legislation is urgently needed to strengthen the responsibility for the participation in the subversive and terrorist activities.

[The chromatographic analysis of phencyclidine, its metabolites and analogs in biological fluids]. / Khromatograficheskii analiz fentsiklidina, ego metabolitov i analogov v biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh.

Reviews data on analysis of narcotic phencyclidine and its main metabolites and analogs. Pharmacological and toxic characteristics of phencyclidine, conditions of its isolation from biological objects and its detection and measurement by thin layer and gas chromatography and by chromatographic mass-spectrometry are described. Analysis of phencyclidine metabolites is discussed and a scheme of its metabolism is presented. Statistical characteristics of methods of quantitative analysis of phencyclidine in biological objects are presented.

[Water balance and pharmacokinetics of ketamine during anesthesia in roentgen-endovascular procedures in children]. / Vodnyi balans i farmakokinetika ketamina pri anesteziologicheskom obespechenii rentgenoéndovaskuliarnykh vmeshatel'stv u detei.

Forty-seven children, aged 2 to 12, with different pathologies, who underwent the abdominal aortography with the bolus introduction of 60% verografin, i.e. a radiopaque contrast agent (RCA), 2-3 ml/kg for 2-3 sec. The osmolar index of blood went up sharply, diuresis increased 7-fold and the aldosterone content topped 2-fold the original level. Simultaneously, the plasma concentration of ketamine was reducing by 2 times faster than in children who were not administered RCA. An additional introduction of an anesthetic made on minute 3 after RCA injection was suggested to modify the anesthesia management scheme.

[Ketamine pharmacokinetics and metabolism after bolus injection of X-ray contrast agents in roentgeno-endovascular interventions in children]. / Farmakokinetika i metabolizm ketamina na fone boliusnogo vvedeniia rentgenokontrastnykh sredstv pri rentgenoéndovaskuliarnykh vmeshatel'stvakh u detei.

The study was carried out on 13 children (2-12 years) subjected to abdominal aortography. The children were divided into 2 groups. Changes in plasma concentrations of ketamine and its metabolism were evaluated during anesthesia after bolus injection of ionic highly osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar x-ray contrast agents (RCA). Injection of an RCA bolus was associated with a 2-fold more rapid drop of the anesthetic concentration in the blood, increase of renal clearance of ketamine and its metabolites; the osmotic effect of ionic highly osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar RCA on ketamine pharmacokinetics virtually did not differ.