Three-dimensional maximum principal strain using cardiac computed tomography for identification of myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) maximum principal strain (MP-strain) derived from cardiac computed tomography (CT) for detecting myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Forty-three patients who underwent cardiac CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively selected. Using the voxel tracking of motion coherence algorithm, the peak CT MP-strain was measured using the 16-segment model. With the trans-mural extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and the distance from MI, all segments were classified into four groups (infarcted, border, adjacent, and remote segments); infarcted and border segments were defined as MI with LGE positive. Diagnostic performance of MP-strain for detecting MI was compared with per cent systolic wall thickening (%SWT) assessed by MRI using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis at a segment level. RESULTS: Of 672 segments excluding16 segments influenced by artefacts, 193 were diagnosed as MI. Sensitivity and specificity of peak MP-strain to identify MI were 81 % [95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 74-88 %] and 86 % (81-92 %) compared with %SWT: 76 % (60-95 %) and 68 % (48-84 %), respectively. The area under the curve of peak MP-strain was superior to %SWT [0.90 (0.87-0.93) vs. 0.80 (0.76-0.83), p < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: CT MP-strain has a potential to provide incremental value to coronary CT angiography for detecting MI. KEY POINTS: • CT MP-strain allows for three-dimensional assessment of regional cardiac function. • CT-MP strain has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocardial infarction. • CT-MP strain may assist in tissue characterisation of myocardium assessed by LGE-MRI. • CT-MP strain provides incremental values to coronary CTA for detecting myocardial infarction.

An Autopsy Case of Fulminant Myocarditis with Massive Left Ventricular Calcification.

Myocardial calcification in myocarditis is rare and may be linked to poor outcomes. We herein report a case of fulminant myocarditis with massive myocardial calcification and its pathological outcomes at autopsy. A 49-year-old man experienced chest pain and was diagnosed with acute myocarditis. His cardiac function did not recover despite mechanical circulatory support in combination with V-A extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and IMPELLA CP®. He eventually developed sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding and died on day 27. Diffuse myocardial calcification was observed on computed tomography at autopsy. The pathological autopsy depicted that calcification filled every myocardial cell in the left ventricle.

Case-specific three-dimensional hologram with a mixed reality technique for tumor resection in otolaryngology.

OBJECTIVE: We report our first experience of using a case-specific three-dimensional (3D) hologram for tumor resection in otolaryngology to show the proof of concept. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to assess the usefulness of the mixed reality technique in otolaryngology. METHODS: A case-specific 3D hologram was developed from enhanced images of dynamic computed tomography, with reference to contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images, and used for preoperative planning and intraoperative image reference. To evaluate the usefulness of the 3D hologram with head mount displays (HMDs), 18 attendings and resident otolaryngologists completed a questionnaire with the Likert scale. RESULTS: The case-specific 3D hologram on HMDs was successfully used by means of easy gesture-handling without any monitors preoperatively and intraoperatively. The experience of picturing the tumor localization and evaluating the surgical approach was statistically better using the 3D hologram on HMDs than using the computer images (P < .01). Similarly, the holograms were observed to be better for intraoperative application and surgical education than computer images (P < .01). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the use of a case-specific 3D hologram for tumor resection in otolaryngology. The technology may be useful for preoperative planning and intraoperative image reference, especially for challenging cases, and surgical education. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.

Sorbitol Minimizes Calcium Carbonate Scale Generation While Maintaining the Disinfection Effect of Heated Scallop-Shell Powder for Fresh Produce.

Scallop shells subjected to heat treatment exhibit antimicrobial activity, and heated scallop-shell powder (HSSP) has recently been reported to be effective for disinfecting food. However, because the main component of these shells is calcium oxide, there is a problem that scales of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) become established on the surface of equipment used for food processing. In this study, we thus investigated whether the addition of sugar to HSSP slurry suppressed CaCO3 scale generation and whether the sugar-supplemented HSSP could be applied to the disinfection and preservation of fresh lettuce. The results showed that glucose, sucrose, and sorbitol could suppress the scale generation in HSSP slurry. However, glucose and sucrose decreased the antibacterial activity of HSSP. Since the addition of sorbitol did not affect the antibacterial activity of HSSP slurry, it was used for subsequent experiments because of its low bioavailability. Sorbitol effectively suppressed scale formation by dissolving it before the addition of HSSP. The disinfection and preservative effects of sorbitol-supplemented HSSP ( S-HSSP) treatment on lettuce did not decrease compared with those upon HSSP treatment and were almost equal to or higher than those of sodium hypochlorite treatment at 200 mg/l. The addition of sorbitol solved the major problem of scale generation by HSSP containing CaO, which contributes to expansion of usage of heated shell powder, such as HSSP, in food processing.