5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combined with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) as second-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX) as second-line therapy in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 27 patients with MPA treated with FOLFIRINOX as second-line therapy between January 2003 and November 2009 in our hospital. The recommended schedule was oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2) on day 1 + irinotecan 180 mg/m(2) on day 1 + leucovorin 400 mg/m(2) on day 1 followed by FU 400 mg/m(2) as a bolus on day 1 and 2,400 mg/m(2) as 46-hour continuous infusion biweekly. RESULTS: The median age of the 27 patients (13 males and 14 females) was 63 years (45-83). All patients had progressive disease after first-line chemotherapy by gemcitabine. A total of 167 cycles were administered, with a median number of 6 cycles (1-29) per patient. One toxic death occurred (sepsis). Tolerance of treatment was acceptable, and the relative dose density delivered per patient was 92.8% for oxaliplatin, 89.1% for irinotecan and 96.4% for FU. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 55.6% of the patients, including 1 febrile neutropenia. The other toxicities were manageable. Regarding efficacy, 22 of the 27 patients were evaluable (WHO and RECIST criteria). Five patients had partial responses and 12 stable disease, resulting in an overall disease control rate of 63%. Median time to progression was 5.4 months (0.7-25.48), and median event-free survival was 3 months (0.5-24.9). Median overall survival was 8.5 months (0-26). A clinical benefit was reported for 55% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed the good safety profile and the efficacy of the FOLFIRINOX regimen as second-line treatment of MPA.

Combining paclitaxel and lapatinib as second-line treatment for patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Current first-line cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens provide interesting response rates but limited impact on survival for patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Such results leave a significant patient population in need of salvage therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: As the epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (EGFR and HER2) are frequently overexpressed in urothelial carcinoma, we explored the feasibility of a combination of paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2)/week) and lapatinib (1,500 mg orally daily) for six patients who were treated after failure of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS: Only one out of six patients was able to receive the full doses during the first six weeks of treatment, while grade 2 or 3 diarrhea events required lapatinib dose reduction (one patient) or discontinuation (five patients), despite loperamide support. CONCLUSION: This combination is not recommended for this population of patients.