[Motivations for adolescent pregnancy]. / Motivaciones para el embarazo adolescente.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the motivations (beliefs, values) for adolescent pregnancy among girls aged less than 17 years old. METHOD: We performed a phenomenological qualitative study with audio recording of in-depth interviews with 12 pregnant adolescents between March and September 2008. Purposive sampling of pregnant adolescents (14-16 years) in the high-risk obstetric unit of the Hospital of Jaen (Spain) was performed, using education, voluntariness of pregnancy, urban-rural setting of the family residence and family socioeconomic status as heterogeneity criteria. A content analysis was performed with coding, triangulation of categories, and extraction and verification of results. RESULTS: The adolescent's sociocultural context was of considerable weight in sexual and reproductive decisions. Adolescents with unplanned pregnancies felt that their responsibility was relative, showing an attitude of acceptance and resignation, which later became a tendency to rationalize the events and claim that the child was wanted or even planned. Girls with a wanted pregnancy did not have a clear idea of the consequences of having a child. Previous ideas about pregnancy were mainly related to physical changes without taking into account other changes that occur during and after pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The family context and socialization of girls are based on a traditional division of gender roles in which the traditional role of the female caregiver is strongly internalized. The reasons for teenage pregnancy are unclear; pregnant adolescents lacked a sense of self-determination and felt that their lives were determined by circumstances.

Maternidad temprana: percepciones e implicaciones de las madres de las adolescentes / Early motherhood: perceptions and implications for adolescent mothers

OBJETIVO: Explorar y analizar el rol desempeñado por las madres en el proceso de adaptación a la maternidad de sus hijas adolescentes. Personas, material y método: Diseño cualitativo fenomenológico. Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén (España). Muestreo intencional de madres de adolescentes que fueron madres entre los 14 y los 17 años, usando el nivel educativo, el hábitat de residencia y el nivel social de la familia como criterios de heterogeneidad. Se recogió la información mediante una entrevista semiestructurada a las madres de las adolescentes(8 madres de adolescentes que fueron madres antes de los 17años), con audio grabación (60 minutos), entre marzo y septiembre de2011. Análisis de contenido: codificación, triangulación de categorías y obtención/verificación de resultados. RESULTADOS: El apoyo de las madres de las adolescentes en todos los ámbitos se configura como un elemento esencial para una adecuada adaptación de la adolescente a su nuevo papel de madre y para optimizarlas oportunidades que la maternidad puede otorgar a las jóvenes en determinados contextos de vida. Sin embargo, los costes físicos y psicológicos de este apoyo son excesivos para las abuelas, pues prolongan su etapa de maternidad o incluso se auto adjudican una segunda maternidad en un periodo en el que deberían desarrollar otras facetas de su vida. CONCLUSIONES: El desempeño del rol de abuela en los casos de maternidad adolescente supone una sobrecarga de tareas con efectos negativos para la salud, así como cambios sociales, económicos y familiares que las instituciones sanitarias y sociales deberían abordar para evitar el deterioro en la salud y la calidad de vida de dichas mujeres

OBJECTIVE: To explore and analyse the role played by mothers in the process of adaptation to motherhood of their teen daughters. People, material and method: Phenomenological qualitative design. Hospital of Jaen (Spain). Purposive sampling of mothers of teenagers who became mothers between 14 and 17 years old, using educational level, residence habitat and social level of the family as heterogeneity criteria. Audio-recording of life stories were made (8 mothers of teenagers who became mothers before age 17, 60 minutes of mean duration),between March and September 2011. Content analysis: coding, triangulation of categories and obtaining/verification of results. RESULTS: The support of mothers of adolescents in all areas is configured as an essential element for proper adaptation of the teen to his new role as a mother and for optimizing the opportunities that motherhood can give young people in certain life contexts. But physical and psychological costs of this support for grandmothers are excessive because they prolong their time of motherhood or even they assume a second maternity in a period in which they should be developing other facets of his life. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the grandmother role in cases of teenage pregnancy supposes an overload of tasks with negative effects on your health, as well as social, economic and family changes, that social and health institutions should address to prevent deterioration in the health and quality life of these women

Motivaciones para el embarazo adolescente / Motivations for adolescent pregnancy

Objetivos: Conocer las motivaciones (creencias, valores) de las mujeres menores de 17 años para el embarazo adolescente.MétodoDiseño cualitativo fenomenológico con audiograbación de entrevistas en profundidad (12 adolescentes embarazadas), entre marzo y septiembre de 2008. Muestreo intencional de adolescentes embarazadas (14-16 años) de la consulta de alto riesgo obstétrico del Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén (España), usando nivel educativo, voluntariedad del embarazo, hábitat de residencia y nivel social de la familia como criterios de heterogeneidad. Análisis de contenido: codificación, triangulación de categorías y obtención/verificación de resultados.ResultadosEl contexto sociocultural de la adolescente tiene un peso considerable en la toma de decisiones sexuales y reproductivas. Las adolescentes que no planearon su embarazo perciben que su responsabilidad es relativa, y muestran una actitud de conformismo y resignación, resultando posteriormente una tendencia a la racionalización de los acontecimientos en la que afirman que el hijo/a es deseado/a e incluso planeado/a. Las adolescentes que deseaban su embarazo no tienen una imagen definida ni valoran las consecuencias que éste supone. Las ideas previas sobre una gestación están básicamente referidas a cambios físicos, sin tener en cuenta otros cambios que ocurren durante y tras el embarazo.ConclusionesEl contexto familiar y de socialización de las chicas se basa en una distribución tradicional de roles en función del género, en el cual posicionamiento y rol tradicional de mujer cuidadora está muy interiorizado. Las motivaciones para el embarazo adolescente no están claras; hay una falta de sentido de la autodeterminación y son las circunstancias las que deciden (AU)

Objectives: To identify the motivations (beliefs, values) for adolescent pregnancy among girls aged lessthan 17 years old.Method: We performed a phenomenological qualitative study with audio recording of in-depth interviewswith12pregnant adolescents betweenMarchandSeptember 2008. Purposive sampling ofpregnantadolescents (14-16 years) in the high-risk obstetric unit of the Hospital of Jaen (Spain) was performed,using education, voluntariness of pregnancy, urban-rural setting of the family residence and familysocioeconomic status as heterogeneity criteria. A content analysis was performed with coding, triangulation of categories, and extraction and verification of results.Results: The adolescent’s sociocultural context was of considerable weight in sexual and reproductivedecisions. Adolescents with unplanned pregnancies felt that their responsibility was relative, showingan attitude of acceptance and resignation, which later became a tendency to rationalize the events andclaim that the child was wanted or even planned. Girls with a wanted pregnancy did not have a clear ideaof the consequences of having a child. Previous ideas about pregnancy were mainly related to physicalchanges without taking into account other changes that occur during and after pregnancy.Conclusions: The family context and socialization of girls are based on a traditional division of genderroles in which the traditional role of the female caregiver is strongly internalized. The reasons for teenagepregnancy are unclear; pregnant adolescents lacked a sense of self-determination and felt that their liveswere determined by circumstances (AU)