[Surgical management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico de la mediastinitis necrosante descendente.

INTRODUCTION: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a serious infection which occurs as a complication of oropharyngeal infection. Its surgical management and the routine transthoracic approach remain controversial. In this article we report our experience in the management of this disease, and review the different surgical approaches that have been reported in the medical literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made of the clinical records of 29 patients treated between 1988 and 2009. Several demographic variables were analyzed, origin of the initial infection, stage of the disease according to Endo's classification, surgical technique and outcome. RESULTS: Surgical treatment consisted of both cervical and mediastinal drainage and radical debridement. The mediastinal drainage was made through a transcervical approach in 10 cases and transthoracic in 19, depending on the extent of the mediastinitis. The outcome was satisfactory in 24 patients and 5 died (mortality 17.2%). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results and the conclusions of the main authors, we recommend a prompt and aggressive surgery with a transthoracic approach in cases of widespread DNM.

Effect of COVID-19 on Thoracic Oncology Surgery in Spain: A Spanish Thoracic Surgery Society (SECT) Survey.

After the first wave of COVID-19, the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgeons (SECT) surveyed its members to assess the impact of the pandemic on thoracic oncology surgery in Spain. In May 2020, all SECT members were invited to complete an online, 40-item, multiple choice questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the SECT Scientific Committee and sent via email. The overall response rate was 19.2%. The respondents answered at least 91.5% of the items, with only one exception (a question about residents). Most respondents (89.3%) worked in public hospitals. The reported impact of the pandemic on routine clinical activity was considered extreme or severe by 75.5% of respondents (25.5% and 50%, respectively). Multidisciplinary tumour boards were held either with fewer members attending or through electronic platforms (44.6% and 35.9%, respectively). Surgical activity decreased by 95.7%, with 41.5% of centers performing surgery only on oncological patients and 11.7% only in emergencies. Nearly 60% of respondents reported modifying standard protocols for early-stage cancer and in the preoperative workup. Most centers (≈80%) reported using full personal protective equipment when operating on COVID-19 positive patients. The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected thoracic oncology surgery in Spain. The lack of common protocols led to a variable care delivery to lung cancer patients.

[Incisions and routes of surgical access]. / Incisiones y vías de abordaje quirúrgicas.

The correct choice of the incision to the chest is essential for surgical success and a favorable postoperative course. The route of access to the thorax must be adapted both to the disease and to the thoracic surgeon's experience, striking a balance between aggressiveness and the safety of the technique. This article describes the characteristics of surgical incisions, including classical thoracotomy, sternotomy and its variants, thoracoscopy and minimally-invasive surgery. The distinct techniques used to explore mediastinal lymphatic areas, including video-assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy and transcervical extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy, are also described.

Spontaneous hemomediastinum and hemothorax after dissecting bronchial artery aneurysm.

Spontaneous hemomediastinum is a rare pathological event due to bleeding disorders, mediastinal organ hemorrhage or idiopathic causes. It usually presents with chest pain and dyspnea, which can lead to confusion with other clinical conditions. The election diagnostic method is computed tomography and treatment depends on underlying etiology, aimed on controlling hemorrhages, if present. In this paper, we present a case of spontaneous hemomediastinum and hemothorax after bronchial artery aneurysm dissection treated with endovascular embolization and chest drainage.

Resección quirúrgica de paraganglioma funcionante diagnosticado por mediastinoscopia / Surgical resection of a functional paraganglioma diagnosed by mediastinoscopy

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Tratamiento quirúrgico de la mediastinitis necrosante descendente / Surgical management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis

Introducción La mediastinitis necrosante descendente (MND) consiste en una infección grave que aparece como complicación de una infección orofaríngea. Aún existe controversia a propósito del tratamiento quirúrgico y si está indicado un abordaje transtorácico rutinario. En este artículo presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de la mediastinitis necrosante descendente y revisamos en la bibliografía las diferentes opciones de abordaje propuestas. Material y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los pacientes con mediastinitis necrosante descendente intervenidos entre 1988 y 2009. Se analizan variables demográficas, origen de la infección, estadio de la enfermedad según la clasificación de Endo, técnica quirúrgica realizada y evolución. Resultados En dicho periodo se intervino a 29 pacientes. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en el drenaje y desbridamiento radical a nivel cervical y mediastínico. El drenaje mediastínico se realizó por vía transcervical en 10 casos y transtorácica en 19, en función de la extensión de la mediastinitis. De ellos, 24 presentaron buena evolución y 5 fallecieron (mortalidad 17,2%).Conclusiones De acuerdo con nuestros resultados y las conclusiones de los principales autores, se debe realizar un tratamiento quirúrgico precoz y agresivo que incluya un abordaje transtorácico en casos de mediastinitis extendida (AU)

Introduction Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a serious infection which occurs as a complication of oropharyngeal infection. Its surgical management and the routine transthoracic approach remain controversial. In this article we report our experience in the management of this disease, and review the different surgical approaches that have been reported in the medical literature. Material and methods A retrospective review was made of the clinical records of 29 patients treated between 1988 and 2009. Several demographic variables were analyzed, origin of the initial infection, stage of the disease according to Endo's classification, surgical technique and outcome. Results Surgical treatment consisted of both cervical and mediastinal drainage and radical debridement. The mediastinal drainage was made through a transcervical approach in 10 cases and transthoracic in 19, depending on the extent of the mediastinitis. The outcome was satisfactory in 24 patients and 5 died (mortality 17.2%).Conclusions According to our results and the conclusions of the main authors, we recommend a prompt and aggressive surgery with a transthoracic approach in cases of widespread DNM (AU)

Incisiones y vías de abordaje quirúrgicas / Incisions and routes of surgical access

La correcta elección de la vía de abordaje al tórax es fundamental para obtener el éxito quirúrgico y un postoperatorio favorable. Debe adaptarse tanto a la patología como a la experiencia del cirujano torácico, buscando el equilibrio entre agresividad y seguridad de la técnica. En este artículo se describirán las características de las incisiones quirúrgicas al tórax desde las clásicas toracotomías, esternotomías y sus variantes hasta llegar a la videotoracoscopia y cirugía de mínima invasión. Recordaremos también las diferentes técnicas que se utilizan para abordar las áreas linfáticas del mediastino, incluyendo las más novedosas linfadenectomía mediastínica videoasistida y linfadenectomía mediastínica transcervical extendida (AU)

The correct choice of the incision to the chest is essential for surgical success and a favorable postoperative course. The route of access to the thorax must be adapted both to the disease and to the thoracic surgeon’s experience, striking a balance between aggressiveness and the safety of the technique. This article describes the characteristics of surgical incisions, including classical thoracotomy, sternotomy and its variants, thoracoscopy and minimally-invasive surgery. The distinct techniques used to explore mediastinal lymphatic areas, including video-assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy and transcervical extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy, are also described (AU)

Síndrome de Horner causado por la fractura de la primera costilla / No disponible

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