RESUMEN
In this study, we investigated the role of interleukin (IL)-1 signaling in wound healing. IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R) knockout (KO) mice showed reduced fibrosis in both cutaneous and deep tissue wounds, which was accompanied by a reduction in inflammatory cellular infiltration in cutaneous but not in deep tissue wounds. There were no differences in either total collagenolytic activity or in the expression of selected matrix metalloproteinases or tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases between the wound fluids from wild-type or IL-1R KO mice. However, wound fluids from IL-1R KO mice contained lower levels of IL-6 compared with wild-type controls. In addition, the infusion of IL-6 into wounds in IL-1R KO mice did not increase fibrosis. Skin wounds in IL-1R KO animals had lower levels of collagen and improved restoration of normal skin architecture compared with skin wounds in wild-type mice. However, neither the tensile strength of incisional skin wounds nor the rate of closure of excisional wounds differed between IL-1R KO and wild-type animals. The reduced fibrotic response in wounds from IL-1R KO mice could be reproduced by the administration of an IL-1R antagonist. These findings suggest that pharmacological interference with IL-1 signaling could have therapeutic value in the prevention of hypertrophic scarring and in the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Animales , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Exudados y Transudados/química , Immunoblotting , Inmunohistoquímica , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores de Interleucina-1/deficiencia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/genética , Piel/lesiones , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/patología , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
A Stressed Liquid Crystal (SLC) is proposed for application as a single panel retardance element in a Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer. Volume alignment in SLCs increase the maximum retardance and subsequent FT resolution by creating greater path lengths. Here, the relationship between transmission and shear for thick SLC cells is characterized and the spectral resolution using the SLC phase modulators in a single and double pass FT spectrometer system is quantified. For a 100 microm thick SLC, the resolution of a single frequency peak was observed at 60 nm full width half maximum.