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The proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells are important for folliculogenesis. As a transcription factor, SRY-box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) has important roles in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms of SOX4 on proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells remain elusive. Therefore, a stably overexpressed SOX4 ovarian granulosa cell line KGN was generated by lentivirus encapsulation. We observed that overexpression of SOX4 inhibits apoptosis, promotes proliferation and migration of KGN cells. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome revealed 868 upregulated and 696 downregulated DEGs in LV-SOX4 in comparison with LV-CON KGN cell lines. Afterward, further assessments were performed to explore the possible functions about these DEGs. The data showed their involvement in many biological processes, particularly the Hippo signaling pathway. Moreover, the expression levels of YAP1, WWTR1, WTIP, DLG3, CCN2, and AMOT, which were associated with the Hippo signaling pathway, were further validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, the protein expression levels of YAP1 were markedly elevated, while p-YAP1 were notably reduced after overexpression of SOX4 in KGN cells. Thus, these results suggested that SOX4 regulates apoptosis, proliferation and migration of KGN cells, at least partly, through activation of the Hippo signaling pathway, which might be implicated in mammalian follicle development.
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Células de la Granulosa , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Femenino , Animales , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Apoptosis , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción SOXC/genética , Factores de Transcripción SOXC/metabolismo , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Proteínas Co-Represoras/metabolismoRESUMEN
Cancer which causes high mortality globally threatens public health seriously. There is an urgent need to develop tumor-specific near-infrared (NIR) imaging agents to achieve precise diagnosis and guide effective treatment. In recent years, imaging probes that respond to acidic environments such as endosomes, lysosomes, or acidic tumor microenvironments (TMEs) are being developed. However, because of their nonspecific internalization by both normal and tumor cells, resulting in a poor signal-to-noise ratio in diagnosis, these pH-sensitive probes fail to be applied to in vivo tumor imaging. To address this issue, a cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R)-targeted TME-sensitive NIR fluorescent probe R2SM was synthesized by coupling pH-sensitive heptamethine cyanine with a CCK2R ligand, minigastrin analogue 11 (MG11) for in vivo imaging, in which MG11 would target overexpressed CCK2Rs in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Cell uptake assay demonstrated that R2SM exhibited a high affinity for CCK2R, leading to receptor-mediated internalization and making probes finally accumulated in the lysosomes of tumor cells, which suggested in the tumor tissues, the probes were distributed in the extracellular acidic TME and intracellular lysosomes. With a pKa of 6.83, R2SM can be activated at the acidic TME (pH = 6.5-6.8) and lysosomes (pH = 4.5-5.0), exhibiting an apparent pH-dependent behavior and generating more intense fluorescence in these acidic environments. In vivo imaging showed that coupling of MG11 with a pH-sensitive NIR probe facilitated the accumulation of probe and enhanced the fluorescence in CCK2R-overexpressed HT-29 tumor cells. A high signal was observed in the tumor region within 0.5 h postinjection, indicating its potential application in intraoperative imaging. Fluorescence imaging of R2SM exhibited higher tumor-to-liver and tumor-to-kidney ratios (2.1:1 and 2.3:1, respectively), compared separately with the probes that are lipophilic, pH-insensitive, or MG11-free. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the synergistic effect of tumor targeting with pH sensitivity plays a vital role in the high signal-to-noise ratio of the NIR imaging probe. Moreover, different kinds of tumor-targeting vectors could be conjugated simultaneously with the NIR dye, which would further improve the receptor affinity and targeting efficiency.
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Colorantes Fluorescentes , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B , Línea Celular Tumoral , Imagen ÓpticaRESUMEN
The tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) is frequently mutated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). BAP1 loss-of-function mutations are associated with poor survival outcomes. However, personalized therapy for BAP1-mutated RCC is currently not available. Previously, we found that BAP1 loss renders RCC cells more sensitive to bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors, as demonstrated in both cell culture and xenografted nude mice models. Here, we demonstrate that BAP1 loss in murine RCC cells enhances sensitivity to BET inhibitors in ectopic and orthotopic allograft models. While BAP1 deletion suppresses RCC cell survival in vitro, it does not impede tumor growth in immunocompetent murine models. Thus, the effect of BAP1 loss on the interactions between tumor cells and host microenvironment plays a predominant role in RCC growth, highlighting the importance of utilizing immunocompetent animal models to assess the efficacy of potential anticancer therapies. Mechanistically, BAP1 deletion compromises DNA repair capacity, rendering RCC cells more vulnerable to DNA damage induced by BET inhibitors. Our results indicate that BET inhibitors show promise as targeted therapy for BAP1-deficient RCC.
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Exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitudes can lead to liver injury, and mounting evidence indicates that pyroptosis and inflammation play important roles in liver injury. Curcumin (Cur) can inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation. Therefore, our purpose here was to clarify the mechanism underlying the protective effect of nanocurcumin (Ncur) and Cur in a rat model of high altitude-associated acute liver injury. Eighty healthy rats were selected and exposed to different altitudes (6000 or 7000 m) for 0, 24, 48, or 72 h. Fifty normal healthy rats were divided into normal control, high-altitude control, salidroside (40 mg/kg [Sal-40]), Cur (200 mg/kg [Cur-200]), and Ncur (25 mg/kg [Ncur-25]) groups and exposed to a high-altitude hypobaric hypoxic environment (48 h, 7000 m). Serum-liver enzyme activities (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were detected and histopathology of liver injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and inflammatory factors were detected in liver tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pyroptosis-associated proteins (gasdermin D, gasdermin D N-terminal [GSDMD-N], pro-Caspase-1, and cleaved-Caspase-1 [cleaved-Casp1]) and inflammation-associated proteins (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], phospho-NF-κB [P-NF-κB], and high-mobility group protein B1 [HMGB1]) levels were analyzed by immunoblotting. Ncur and Cur inhibited increased serum-liver enzyme activities, alleviated liver injury in rats caused by high-altitude hypobaric hypoxic exposure, and downregulated inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-18, in rat liver tissues. The level of P-NF-κB, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Casp1, and HMGB1 in rat liver tissues increased significantly after high-altitude exposure. Ncur and Cur downregulated P-NF-κB, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Casp-1, and HMGB1. Ncur and Cur may inhibit inflammatory responses and pyroptosis in a rat model of high altitude-associated acute liver injury.
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Proteína HMGB1 , Hepatopatías , Ratas , Animales , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Piroptosis , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Altitud , Gasderminas , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Caspasa 1/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of single-phase gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different levels of body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 760 girls with breast development before 7.5 years of age who attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2023. According to the results of GnRH stimulation test and clinical manifestations, they were divided into a CPP group (297 girls) and a non-CPP group (463 girls). According to the values of BMI, the girls were divided into a normal weight group (540 girls), an overweight group (116 girls), and an obese group (104 girls). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the value of single-phase GnRH stimulation test in the diagnosis of CPP in girls with different levels of BMI. RESULTS: Luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone at 30 minutes after GnRH stimulation had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985 in the diagnosis of CPP, which was higher than the AUC at 0, 60, and 90 minutes (P<0.05). LH at 30 minutes had a similar diagnostic value to LH at 60 minutes (P>0.05). LH at 30 minutes was negatively correlated with BMI and BMI-Z value (P<0.05).The AUC for diagnosing CPP in normal weight, overweight, and obese girls at 30 minutes LH was 0.952, 0.965, and 0.954, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 30-minute GnRH stimulation test has a good value in the diagnosis of CPP in girls with different levels of BMI and is expected to replace the traditional GnRH stimulation test, but the influence of BMI on LH level should be taken seriously.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Hormona Luteinizante , Pubertad Precoz , Humanos , Pubertad Precoz/diagnóstico , Pubertad Precoz/sangre , Femenino , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/sangre , Niño , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Curva ROC , PreescolarRESUMEN
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted burgeoning interests owing to the prospect in large-scale and safe energy storage application. Although manganese oxides are one of the typical cathodes of ZIBs, their practical usage is still hindered by poor service life and rate performance. Here, a MnO2 -carbon hybrid framework is reported, which is obtained in a reaction between the dimethylimidazole ligand from a rational designed MOF array and potassium permanganate, achieving ultralong-cycle-life ZIBs. The unique structural feature of uniform MnO2 nanocrystals which are well-distributed in the carbon matrix leads to a 90.4% capacity retention after 50 000 cycles. In situ characterization and theoretical calculations verify the co-ions intercalation with boosted reaction kinetics. The hybridization between MnO2 and carbon endows the hybrid with enhanced electrons/ions transport kinetics and robust structural stability. This work provides a facile strategy to enhance the battery performance of manganese oxide-based ZIBs.
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Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, having spurred researchers to explore effective therapeutic strategies for several centuries. Although efficacious, conventional chemotherapy usually introduces various side effects, such as cytotoxicity or multi-drug resistance. In recent decades, nanomaterials, possessing unique physical and chemical properties, have been used for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Dynamic therapies, which can kill target cells using reactive oxygen species (ROS), are promising for tumor treatment, as they overcome the drawbacks of chemotherapy methods. Piezoelectric nanomaterials, featuring a unique property to convert ultrasound vibration energy into electrical energy, have also attracted increasing attention in biomedical research, as the piezoelectric effect can drive chemical reactions to generate ROS, leading to the newly emerging technique of ultrasound-driven tumor therapy. Piezoelectric materials are expected to bring a better solution for efficient and safe cancer treatment, as well as patient pain relief. In this review article, we highlight the most recent achievements of piezoelectric biomaterials for tumor therapy, including the mechanism of piezoelectric catalysis, conventional piezoelectric materials, modified piezoelectric materials and multifunctional piezoelectric materials for tumor treatment.
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Nanoestructuras , Neoplasias , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Nanoestructuras/uso terapéutico , Nanoestructuras/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Li-O2 battery (LOB) is a promising "beyond Li-ion" technology with ultrahigh theoretical energy density (3457â Wh kg-1 ), while currently impeded by the sluggish cathodic kinetics of the reversible gas-solid reaction between O2 and Li2 O2 . Despite many catalysts are developed for accelerating the conversion process, the lack of design guidance for achieving high performance makes catalysts exploring aleatory. The Sabatier principle is an acknowledged theory connecting the scaling relationship with heterogeneous catalytic activity, providing a tradeoff strategy for the topmost performance. Herein, a series of catalysts with wide-distributed d-band centers (i.e., wide range of adsorption strength) are elaborately constructed via high-entropy strategy, enabling an in-depth study of the Sabatier relations in electrocatalysts for LOBs. A volcano-type correlation of d-band center and catalytic activity emerges. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that a moderate d-band center with appropriate adsorption strength propels the catalysts up to the top. As a demonstration of concept, the LOB using FeCoNiMnPtIr as catalyst provides an exceptional energy conversion efficiency of over 80 %, and works steadily for 2000â h with a high fixed specific capacity of 4000â mAh g-1 . This work certifies the applicability of Sabatier principle as a guidance for designing advanced heterogeneous catalysts assembled in LOBs.
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Although aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for scalable energy storage application, the actual performance of ZIBs is hampered by the irreversibility. Optimization of electrolyte composition is a relatively practical and facile way to improve coulombic efficiency (CE) and Zn plating/stripping reversibility of ZIBs. N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) has a higher Gutmann donor number (DN) than that of H2 O, abundant polar groups, and economic price. Herein, a mixture electrolyte containing 10 vol% DMA and ZnSO4 , which has an enhanced Zn reversibility almost fourfold higher than that of pure ZnSO4 electrolyte, is demonstrated. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation and spectroscopic analysis reveal DMA has the ability to reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn2+ and capture free water molecules via forming Hbonds. The inhibited dendrite growth on Zn anode is further clarified by an in situ characterization. This work provides a feasible way for the development of long-lifespan ZIBs.
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Electrólitos , Zinc , Acetamidas , ElectrodosRESUMEN
Nanovaccine-based immunotherapy (NBI) has the ability to initiate dendritic cell (DC)-mediated tumor-specific immune responses and maintain long-term antitumor immune memory. To date, the mechanism by which the mechanical properties of nanoparticles alter the functions of DCs in NBI remains largely unclear. Here, a soft mesoporous organosilica-based nanovaccine (SMONV) is prepared and the elasticity-dependent effect of the nanovaccine on the underlying DC-mediated immune responses is studied. It is found that the elasticity results in greater internalization of SMONV by DCs, followed by the induction of substantial cytosolic delivery of antigens via endosomal escape, leading to effective DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation. Impressively, elasticity enables SMONV to enhance lymphatic drainage of antigens in vivo, thus stimulating robust humoral and cellular immunity. The results from therapeutic tumor vaccination further reveal that subcutaneously administered SMONV effectively suppresses tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice by evoking antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses, mitigating regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression, and increasing central memory and effector memory T-cell populations. Furthermore, combinatorial immunization with SMONV and anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies results in an amplified therapeutic effect on tumor-bearing mice. These findings reveal the elastic effect of the nanovaccine on DC-mediated immune responses, and the prepared SMONV represents a facile and powerful strategy for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Animales , Antígenos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Células Dendríticas , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMEN
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) featuring competitive performance, low cost and high safety hold great promise for applications in grid-scale energy storage and portable electronic devices. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), relying on their large framework structure and abundant active sites, have been identified as promising materials in ZIBs. This review comprehensively presents the current development of MOF-based materials including MOFs and their derivatives in ZIBs, which begins with Zn storage mechanism of MOFs, followed by introduction of various types of MOF-based cathode materials (PB and PBA, Mn-based MOF, V-based MOF, conductive MOF and their derivatives), and the regulation approaches for Zn deposition behavior. The key factors and optimization strategies of MOF-based materials that affect ZIBs performance are emphasized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and further research directions of MOF-based materials for advanced zinc-ion batteries are provided.
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Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer in adults. UMs are usually initiated by a mutation in GNAQ or GNA11 (encoding Gq or G11, respectively), unlike cutaneous melanomas (CMs), which usually carry a BRAF or NRAS mutation. Currently, there are no clinically effective targeted therapies for UM carrying Gq/11 mutations. Here, we identified a causal link between Gq activating mutations and hypersensitivity to bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors. BET inhibitors transcriptionally repress YAP via BRD4 regardless of Gq mutation status, independently of Hippo core components LATS1/2. In contrast, YAP/TAZ downregulation reduces BRD4 transcription exclusively in Gq-mutant cells and LATS1/2 double knockout cells, both of which are featured by constitutively active YAP/TAZ. The transcriptional interdependency between BRD4 and YAP identified in Gq-mutated cells is responsible for the preferential inhibitory effect of BET inhibitors on the growth and dissemination of Gq-mutated UM cells compared to BRAF-mutated CM cells in both culture cells and animal models. Our findings suggest BRD4 as a viable therapeutic target for Gq-driven UMs that are addicted to unrestrained YAP function.
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Melanoma , Proteínas Nucleares , Animales , Subunidades alfa de la Proteína de Unión al GTP Gq-G11/genética , Subunidades alfa de la Proteína de Unión al GTP Gq-G11/metabolismo , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Mutación , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la ÚveaRESUMEN
The tumor suppressor gene BAP1 encodes a widely expressed deubiquitinase for histone H2A. Both hereditary and acquired mutations are associated with multiple cancer types, including cutaneous melanoma (CM), uveal melanoma (UM), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, there is no personalized therapy for BAP1-mutant cancers. Here, we describe an epigenetic drug library screening to identify small molecules that exert selective cytotoxicity against BAP1 knockout CM cells over their isogenic parental cells. Hit characterization reveals that BAP1 loss renders cells more vulnerable to bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitor-induced transcriptional alterations, G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The association of BAP1 loss with sensitivity to BET inhibitors is observed in multiple BAP1-deficient cancer cell lines generated by gene editing or derived from patient tumors as well as immunodeficient xenograft and immunocompetent allograft murine models. We demonstrate that BAP1 deubiquitinase activity reduces sensitivity to BET inhibitors. Concordantly, ectopic expression of RING1A or RING1B (H2AK119 E3 ubiquitin ligases) enhances sensitivity to BET inhibitors. The mechanistic study shows that the BET inhibitor OTX015 exerts a more potent suppressive effect on the transcription of various proliferation-related genes, especially MYC, in BAP1 knockout cells than in their isogenic parental cells, primarily by targeting BRD4. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Myc rescues the BET inhibitor-sensitizing effect induced by BAP1 loss. Our study reveals new approaches to specifically suppress BAP1-deficient cancers, including CM, UM, and ccRCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Melanoma/genética , Ratones , Proteínas Nucleares , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Úvea , Melanoma Cutáneo MalignoRESUMEN
Rapalogs (everolimus and temsirolimus) are allosteric mTORC1 inhibitors and approved agents for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), although only a subset of patients derive clinical benefit. Progress in genomic characterization has made it possible to generate comprehensive profiles of genetic alterations in ccRCC; however, the correlations between recurrent somatic mutations and rapalog efficacy remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate by using multiple patient-derived ccRCC cell lines that compared to PTEN-proficient cells, PTEN-deficient cells exhibit hypersensitivity to rapalogs. Rapalogs inhibit cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 arrest without inducing apoptosis in PTEN-deficient ccRCC cell lines. Using isogenic cell lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9, we validate the correlation between PTEN loss and rapalog hypersensitivity. In contrast, deletion of VHL or chromatin-modifying genes (PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, or KDM5C) fails to influence the cellular response to rapalogs. Our mechanistic study shows that ectopic expression of an activating mTOR mutant (C1483F) antagonizes PTEN-induced cell growth inhibition, while introduction of a resistant mTOR mutant (A2034V) enables PTEN-deficient ccRCC cells to escape the growth inhibitory effect of rapalogs, suggesting that PTEN loss generates vulnerability to mTOR inhibition. PTEN-deficient ccRCC cells are more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of temsirolimus on cell migration and tumor growth in zebrafish and xenograft mice, respectively. Of note, PTEN protein loss as detected by immunohistochemistry is much more frequent than mutations in the PTEN gene in ccRCC patients. Our study suggests that PTEN loss correlates with rapalog sensitivity and could be used as a marker for ccRCC patient selection for rapalog therapy.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Inhibidores mTOR , Ratones , Mutación , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Proteínas de Pez CebraRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies from high income 'western' countries indicate that green space visit duration is associated with better health. However, scant comparable research has been done in developing countries with rapid urbanization and on the potential health impacts of specific green infrastructure. OBJECTIVE: Associations between green space visit duration, green infrastructure and various health outcomes were assessed in hypertensive patients. METHODS: A stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied to select 1116 patients with hypertension aged 35 years or older in Shenzhen, China. Face-to-face survey, physical examination and laboratory biochemical tests were applied to obtain information. Binary logistic regressions with restricted cubic splines were used to explore the degree of linearity in associations between green space visit duration and the following health outcomes: central obesity; diabetes; blood pressure; dyslipidemia; poor physical health; poor mental health. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, occupation, and socioeconomic status. Further analysis was made for presence of the following health promoting green infrastructure: health knowledge promotion areas; walking trails; fitness areas; group exercise venues. RESULTS: Each additional 30 min green space visitation was linearly associated with lower odds of self-reported poor mental health [OR (95%CI): 0.937 (0.891-0.985)], self-reported poor physical health [OR (95%CI): 0.918 (0.872-0.966)], and central obesity [OR (95%CI): 0.951 (0.907-0.997)]. Odds of poor mental health [OR (95%CI): 0.886 (0.788-0.997)], poor physical health [OR (95%CI): 0.882 (0.782-0.996)] and central obesity [OR (95%CI): 0.855 (0.765-0.955)] were founded to decrease with a greater number of health promoting green infrastructure. CONCLUSION: More time spent in green space and with more types of green infrastructure were favourably associated with central obesity, and physical and mental health in people with hypertension.
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Hipertensión , Parques Recreativos , China/epidemiología , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Obesidad , Obesidad Abdominal , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMicros) play vital roles in helping plants to resist phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils, while their activities may vary with site conditions. The present study investigated the microbial diversity and subsequently screened PSMicro strains from rhizosphere soils at five bamboo forests in subtropical China, among which four were developed in a same stand. The activities of the screened PSMicros were also assessed. The results showed great variation in microbial diversity among different forests. Concomitantly, a total of 52 PSMicro strains were isolated and identified to 10 bacterial genera and 4 fungal genera, with different forest rhizosphere soils containing different PSMicros and/or showing different abundances for a certain PSMicro genus, despite some PSMicros would not grow readily on plates. Different, and even the same microbial genera isolated across the five forests, varied significantly in the amount of P that they solubilized from the medium, which ranged from 18.5 to 581.33 mg L-1 . Among the isolated PSMicros, species of Bacillus, Kluyvera, Buttiauxella, Meyerozyma and Penicillium were preponderant to liberate P from organic and inorganic P pools. This will have implications for biotechnological exploitation of microbes to alleviate P limitation in agricultural and natural systems with a sustainable green ecological approach.
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Fósforo , Rizosfera , China , Bosques , Suelo , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
Although aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) with low cost and high safety show great potential in large-scale energy storage system, metallic Zn anode still suffers from unsatisfactory cycle stability due to unregulated growth of Zn dendrites, corrosion, and formation of various side products during electrochemical reaction. Here, an ultrafast and simple method to achieve a stable Zn anode is developed. By simply immersing a Zn plate into an aqueous solution of CuSO4 for only 10-60 s, a uniform and robust protective layer (Zn4 SO4 (OH)6 ·5H2 O/Cu2 O) is formed on commercial Zn plate (Zn/ZCO), which enables uniform electric field distribution and controllable dendrite growth, leading to a long-term cycle life of over 1400 h and high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.2% at 2.0 mA cm-2 and 2.0 mAh cm-2 . These excellent characteristics of the prepared Zn anode show great potential in practical applications for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
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Constructing sophisticated hollow structure and exposing more metal sites in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can not only enhance their catalytic performance but also endow them with new functions. Herein, we present a facile coordinative reconstruction strategy to transform Ti-MOF polyhedron into nanosheet-assembled hollow structure with a large amount of exposed metal sites. Importantly, the reconstruction process relies on the esterification reaction between the organic solvent, i.e. ethanol and the carboxylic acid ligand, allowing the conversion of MOF without the addition of any other modulators and/or surfactants. Moreover, the surface and internal structure of the reconstructed MOF can be well tuned via altering the conversion time. Impressively, the reconstructed MOF exhibits â¼5.1-fold rate constant compared to the pristine one in an important desulfurization reaction for clean fuels production, i.e. the oxidation of dibenzothiophene.
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The 3d-transition-metal (hydro)oxides belong to a group of highly efficient, scalable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for widespread energy-related applications that feature easily tailorable crystal and electronic structures. We propose a general strategy to further boost their electrocatalytic activities by introducing organic ligands into the framework, considering that most 3d-metal (hydro)oxides usually exhibit quite strong binding with reaction intermediates and thus compromised activity due to the scaling relations. Involving weakly bonded ligands downshifts the d-band center, which narrows the band gap, and optimizes the adsorption of these intermediates. For example, the activity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be greatly promoted by ≈5.7 times over a NiCo layered double hydroxide (LDH) after a terephthalic acid (TPA)-induced conversion process, arising from the reduced energy barrier of the deprotonation of OH* to O*. Impressively, the proposed ligand-induced conversion strategy is applicable to a series of 3d-block metal (hydro)oxides, including NiFe2 O4 , NiCo2 O4 , and NiZn LDH, providing a general structural upgrading scheme for existing high-performance electrocatalytic systems.
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Portable water splitting devices driven by rechargeable metal-air batteries or solar cells are promising, however, their scalable usages are still hindered by lack of suitable multifunctional electrocatalysts. Here, a highly efficient multifunctional electrocatalyst is demonstrated, i.e., 2D nanosheet array of Mo-doped NiCo2 O4 /Co5.47 N heterostructure deposited on nickel foam (Mo-NiCo2 O4 /Co5.47 N/NF). The successful doping of non-3d high-valence metal into a heterostructured nanosheet array, which is directly grown on a conductive substrate endows the resultant catalyst with balanced electronic structure, highly exposed active sites, and binder-free electrode architecture. As a result, the Mo-NiCo2 O4 /Co5.47 N/NF exhibits remarkable catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), affording high current densities of 50 mA cm-2 at low overpotentials of 310 mV for OER, and 170 mV for HER, respectively. Moreover, a low voltage of 1.56 V is achieved for the Mo-NiCo2 O4 /Co5.47 N/NF-based water splitting cell to reach 10 mA cm-2 . More importantly, a portable overall water splitting device is demonstrated through the integration of a water-splitting cell and two Zn-air batteries (open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V), which are all fabricated based on Mo-NiCo2 O4 /Co5.47 N/NF, demonstrating a low-cost way to generate fuel energy. This work offers an effective strategy to develop high-performance metal-doped heterostructured electrode.