RESUMEN
Compound 5 (SCH772984) was identified as a potent inhibitor of ERK1/2 with excellent selectivity against a panel of kinases (0/231 kinases tested @ 100â¯nM) and good cell proliferation activity, but suffered from poor PK (rat AUC PK @10â¯mpkâ¯=â¯0⯵Mâ¯h; F%â¯=â¯0) which precluded further development. In an effort to identify novel ERK inhibitors with improved PK properties with respect to 5, a systematic exploration of sterics and composition at the 3-position of the pyrrolidine led to the discovery of a novel 3(S)-thiomethyl pyrrolidine analog 28 with vastly improved PK (rat AUC PK @10â¯mpkâ¯=â¯26⯵Mâ¯h; F%â¯=â¯70).
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Pirrolidinas/síntesis química , Pirrolidinas/química , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Our research on hydantoin based TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors led to fused bi-heteroaryl hydantoin series that demonstrate sub-nanomolar potency (Ki) as well as excellent activity in human whole blood (hWBA). However, lead compound 2 posed some formulation challenges which prevented it for further development. A prodrug approach was investigated to address this issue. The pivalate prodrug 3 can be formulated as stable neutral form and demonstrated improved DMPK properties when compared with parent compound.
Asunto(s)
Proteína ADAM17/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hidantoínas/química , Hidantoínas/síntesis química , Hidantoínas/farmacología , Ácidos Pentanoicos/química , Profármacos/síntesis química , Profármacos/farmacología , Proteína ADAM17/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Perros , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Semivida , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Hidantoínas/administración & dosificación , Hidantoínas/farmacocinética , Ácidos Pentanoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Pentanoicos/farmacocinética , Profármacos/administración & dosificación , Profármacos/farmacocinética , Curva ROC , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
We have identified a series of hydantoin-derived TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors containing a pendant fused bi-heteroaryl group, which demonstrate sub-nanomolar potency (Ki), excellent activity in human whole blood assay, and improved DMPK profiles over prior series.
Asunto(s)
Proteína ADAM17/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hidantoínas/química , Inhibidores de Proteasas/química , Proteína ADAM17/metabolismo , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Perros , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Semivida , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Hidantoínas/síntesis química , Hidantoínas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Curva ROC , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The structure-human CXCR3 binding affinity relationship of a series of pyridyl/pyrazinyl-piperazinyl-piperidine derivatives were explored with a focus to improve PK, hERG and metabolic profiles. Several small heterocycles were identified as amide surrogates, which minimized many potential metabolite issues. During the course of SAR development, we have observed the additive effect of desirable functional groups to improve hERG and PK profiles which lead to the discovery of many clinically developable CXCR3 antagonists with excellent overall profile.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Canales de Potasio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Receptores CXCR3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/administración & dosificación , Amidas/química , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
HCV infections are the leading causes for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation in the United States. Recent advances in drug discovery have identified direct acting antivirals which have significantly improved cure rates in patients. Current efforts are directed towards identification of novel direct acting antiviral targeting different mechanism of actions which could become part of all oral therapies. We recently disclosed the identification of a novel tricyclic indole derived inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase that bound to the enzyme close to the active site. In this manuscript we describe further optimization of potency and pharmacokinetics (PK) of these inhibitors to identify compounds in low nM potency against gt-1b. These analogs also demonstrate excellent PK in rats and monkeys when administered as a dimethyl ethyl amino ester prodrug.
Asunto(s)
Ésteres/farmacocinética , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Indoles/farmacocinética , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Ésteres/química , Haplorrinos , Hepacivirus/enzimología , Humanos , Indoles/química , Profármacos/farmacología , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A novel series of benzimidazolone-containing histamine H3-receptor antagonists were prepared and their structure-activity relationship was explored. These benzimidazolone analogs demonstrate potent H3-receptor binding affinities, no P450 enzyme inhibition, and strong H3 functional activity. Compound 1o exhibits the best overall profile with H3Ki=0.95nM and rat AUC=12.9µMh.
Asunto(s)
Bencimidazoles/química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacología , Animales , Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Bencimidazoles/farmacocinética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Cobayas , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/síntesis química , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacocinética , Humanos , Ratas , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The discovery of lead compound 2e was described. Its covalent binding to HCV NS5B polymerase enzyme was investigated by X-ray analysis. The results of distribution, metabolism and pharmacokinetics were reported. Compound 2e was demonstrated to be potent (replicon GT-1b EC50 = 0.003 µM), highly selective, and safe in in vitro and in vivo assays.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hepacivirus/enzimología , Indoles/química , Quinolinas/química , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Perros , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/farmacocinética , Indoles/farmacología , Masculino , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Unión Proteica , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Quinolinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/metabolismoRESUMEN
The characterization of HCV genome has identified various vital functional proteins involved in the life cycle of hepatitis C virus. This has resulted in many novel enzymatic targets that are potential for development of therapeutic agents. The HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase (HCV NS5B) is one such essential enzyme for HCV replication that has been well characterized and studied by various groups to develop novel therapies for hepatitis C. In this paper, we describe our efforts towards the identification and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of novel tricyclic indole derivatives that bind close to the palm site of the NS5B polymerase. X-ray crystal structure of an inhibitor bound to the polymerase is also described.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Hepacivirus/enzimología , Indoles/química , Indoles/farmacología , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Hepacivirus/química , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C/virología , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/química , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Compound 1 was identified as a HCV replication inhibitor from screening/early SAR triage. Potency improvement was achieved via modulation of substituent on the 5-azo linkage. Due to potential toxicological concern, the 5-azo linkage was replaced with 5-alkenyl or 5-alkynyl moiety. Analogs containing the 5-alkynyl linkage were found to be potent inhibitors of HCV replication. Further evaluation identified compounds 53 and 63 with good overall profile, in terms of replicon potency, selectivity and in vivo characteristics. Initial target engagement studies suggest that these novel carbanucleoside-like derivatives may inhibit the HCV replication complex (replicase).
Asunto(s)
Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/química , Ratas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Optimization of oxazole-based PDE4 inhibitors has led to the discovery of a series of quinolyl oxazoles, with 4-benzylcarboxamide and 5-α-aminoethyl groups which exhibit picomolar potency against PDE4. Selectivity profiles and in vivo biological activity are also reported.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/síntesis química , Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 4/química , Oxazoles/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa 4/síntesis química , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 4/metabolismo , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Oxazoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa 4/farmacología , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/farmacología , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Development of SAR at the C2 position of indole lead 1, a palm site inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase (NS5B IC(50)=0.053µM, replicon EC(50)=4.8µM), is described. Initial screening identified an acyl sulfonamide moiety as an isostere for the C2 carboxylic acid group. Further SAR investigation resulted in identification of acyl sufonamide analog 7q (NS5B IC(50)=0.039µM, replicon EC(50)=0.011µM) with >100-fold improved replicon activity.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Indoles/química , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Cristalografía por Rayos X/métodos , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Modelos Químicos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonamidas/químicaRESUMEN
Introduction of nitrogen atom into the benzene ring of a previously identified HCV replication (replicase) benzofuran inhibitor 2, resulted in the discovery of the more potent pyridofuran analogue 5. Subsequent introduction of small alkyl and alkoxy ligands into the pyridine ring resulted in further improvements in replicon potency. Replacement of the 4-chloro moiety on the pyrimidine core with a methyl group, and concomitant monoalkylation of the C-2 amino moiety resulted in the identification of several inhibitors with desirable characteristics. Inhibitor 41, from the monosubstituted pyridofuran and inhibitor 50 from the disubstituted series displayed excellent potency, selectivity (GAPDH/MTS CC(50)) and PK parameters in all species studied, while the selectivity in the thymidine incorporation assay (DNA·CC(50)) was low.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Furanos/química , Hepacivirus/enzimología , Nucleósidos de Pirimidina/química , Pirimidinas/química , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antivirales/síntesis química , Antivirales/farmacocinética , Benzofuranos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Furanos/síntesis química , Furanos/farmacocinética , Semivida , Hígado/metabolismo , Nucleósidos de Pirimidina/síntesis química , Nucleósidos de Pirimidina/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/metabolismo , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Based on a previously identified HCV replication (replicase) inhibitor 1, SAR efforts were conducted around the pyrimidine core to improve the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of the inhibitors. A benzothiazole moiety was found to be the optimal substituent at the pyrimidine 5-position. Due to potential reactivity concern, the 4-chloro residue was replaced by a methyl group with some loss in potency and enhanced rat in vivo profile. Extensive investigations at the C-2 position resulted in identification of compound 16 that demonstrated very good replicon potency, selectivity and rodent plasma/target organ concentration. Inhibitor 16 also demonstrated good plasma levels and oral bioavailability in dogs, while monkey exposure was rather low. Chemistry optimization towards a practical route to install the benzothiazole moiety resulted in an efficient direct C-H arylation protocol.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Benzotiazoles/química , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Pirimidinas/química , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Perros , Haplorrinos , Hepacivirus/fisiología , Metilación , Roedores , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Introduction of a nitrogen atom into the benzene ring of a previously identified HCV replication (replicase) benzothiazole inhibitor 1, resulted in the discovery of the more potent pyridothiazole analogues 3. The potency and PK properties of the compounds were attenuated by the introductions of various functionalities at the R(1), R(2) or R(3) positions of the molecule (compound 3). Inhibitors 38 and 44 displayed excellent potency, selectivity (GAPDH/MTS CC(50)), PK parameters in all species studied, and cross genotype activity.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antivirales/farmacocinética , Perros , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C/virología , Humanos , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiazoles/química , Tiazoles/farmacocinética , Tiazoles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The structure-human CXCR3 binding affinity relationship of a series of pyridyl-piperazinyl-piperidine derivatives was explored. The optimization campaign highlighted the pronounced effect of 2'-piperazine substitution on CXCR3 receptor affinity. Analog 18j, harboring a 2'(S)-ethylpiperazine moiety, exhibited a human CXCR3 IC(50) of 0.2 nM.
Asunto(s)
Piperazinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piridinas/síntesis química , Receptores CXCR3/agonistas , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Piperazina , Piperazinas/química , Piperazinas/farmacología , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors are promising agents to treat inflammatory disorders and cancer. We have investigated novel tartrate diamide TACE inhibitors where the tartrate core binds to zinc in a unique tridentate fashion. Incorporating (R)-2-(2-N-alkylaminothiazol-4-yl)pyrrolidines into the left hand side amide of the tartrate scaffold led to the discovery of potent and selective TACE inhibitors, some of which exhibited good rat oral bioavailability.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas ADAM/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Pirrolidinas/química , Tartratos/química , Proteína ADAM17 , Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/química , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Estructura Molecular , RatasRESUMEN
The SAR of a novel pyrazinyl-piperazinyl-piperidine scaffold with CXCR3 receptor antagonist activity was explored. Optimization of the DMPK profile and reduction of hERG inhibition is described. Compound 16e with single-digit CXCR3 affinity, good rat PK and hERG profiles has been identified as a lead for further study.
Asunto(s)
Piperazinas/química , Pirazinas/química , Receptores CXCR3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Piperazinas/farmacología , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Pirazinas/farmacología , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
SAR development of indole-based palm site inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase exemplified by initial indole lead 1 (NS5B IC(50)=0.9 µM, replicon EC(50)>100 µM) is described. Structure-based drug design led to the incorporation of novel heterocyclic moieties at the indole C3-position which formed a bidentate interaction with the protein backbone. SAR development resulted in leads 7q (NS5B IC(50)=0.032 µM, replicon EC(50)=1.4 µM) and 7r (NS5B IC(50)=0.017 µM, replicon EC(50)=0.3 µM) with improved enzyme and replicon activity.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Indoles/farmacología , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Dominio Catalítico/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/síntesis química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Modification of prototype NK(1) antagonist 2 resulted in the synthesis of a series of simple amides 6 and retroamides 9. These compounds were shown to be potent and orally active NK(1) antagonists.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas del Receptor de Neuroquinina-1 , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Gerbillinae , Semivida , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The triaryl bis-sulfone 1 was modified by converting the aryl A-ring to a piperidine ring. The piperidine ring was further elaborated to a spirocyclopropyl piperidine moiety. The effect on CB2 binding potency, rat calcium channel affinity, and CYP 2C9 inhibition is described.