RESUMEN
Toxicologic characteristics of anti-tumor medication lisomustine. The authors presented materials on experimental studies of toxicity and jeopardy to justify hygienic regulation of workplace air for antitumor medication lisomustine: data on acute toxicity, results of irritative, resorptive and sensitizing effects evaluation, mutagenous and cumulative effects, influence on reproduction.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Industria Farmacéutica , Compuestos de Nitrosourea/toxicidad , Salud Laboral , Lugar de Trabajo , Aire , Experimentación Animal , Animales , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Femenino , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Compuestos de Nitrosourea/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The article contains to forecast risk of toxic effects caused by contemporary household chemicals. The article contains data on evaluating potential risk of health disorders among individuals contacting synthetic detergents and cleansers. The authors summarized experience of Public Health Research center on toxicologic hygienic research of various household chemicals, conducted for safety certification of the end products household application.
Asunto(s)
Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/normas , Dermatitis por Contacto/epidemiología , Productos Domésticos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Dermatitis por Contacto/etiología , Dermatitis por Contacto/prevención & control , Humanos , Incidencia , Pronóstico , Enfermedades Respiratorias/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Respiratorias/prevención & control , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Administración de la SeguridadRESUMEN
The authors present materials on experimental basis of approximate safe level of exposure to new anti-flu medication Triazavirin in air of workplace. The article covers acute toxicity parameters for various intake routes, results of irritating and sensitizing effects evaluation, determination of threshold concentration for single inhalation effect, value of recommended approximate safe level of exposure.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Azoles/toxicidad , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Triazinas/toxicidad , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dosis Máxima Tolerada , Ratones , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Pronóstico , Ratas , Factores de Riesgo , TriazolesRESUMEN
The article suggests evaluation of tissue respiration in a pilot experiment, so as to promptly forecast toxicity, jeopardy and reveal metabolic activity and selective effects of industrial poisons.
Asunto(s)
Metales/toxicidad , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Técnicas de Cultivo , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
Clinical studies and experiments on laboratory animals covered mechanism of trichloroethylene toxicity. The chemical and its metabolites cause nonspecific toxic effects in membranes and therefore induce energy metabolism disorder that is proved to be a trigger of pathologic process in the intoxication. Experimental studies failed to disclose and explain mechanism of compromised calcium metabolism and its role in cardiac manifestations seen in trichloroethylene poisoning.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación por Tetracloruro de Carbono/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Solventes/envenenamiento , Tricloroetileno/envenenamiento , Accidentes de Trabajo , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Animales , Intoxicación por Tetracloruro de Carbono/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Tetracloruro de Carbono/terapia , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/terapia , Intoxicación/diagnóstico , Intoxicación/etiología , Intoxicación/terapia , Ratas , Solventes/toxicidad , Tricloroetileno/toxicidadRESUMEN
Based on literature data and own results, the authors discuss biochemical and structural mechanisms of adaptational processes launched under exposure to chemical hazard. The authors attempt to use adaptation state as a criterion for diagnosis of harmful effect in hygienic regulation of chemicals in environmental objects.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Industria Química , Sustancias Peligrosas/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Venenos/efectos adversos , HumanosRESUMEN
The authors necessitate biologic monitoring to be conducted along with chemical monitoring of environmental objects. Accomplishment of biologic monitoring and interpretation of its results are associated with difficulties. Being a valuable addition to chemical monitoring, biologic monitoring is a total chemical dose incorporated by a biologic object.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Humanos , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/provisión & distribuciónRESUMEN
The article deals with setting a unified group Maximal Allowable Concentration for inorganic nickel compounds that pollute ambient air in hydro- and pyrometallurgic industries.
Asunto(s)
Industrias , Níquel/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Níquel/orina , Enfermedades Profesionales/mortalidad , Valores de Referencia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Lugar de TrabajoRESUMEN
The authors justify importance of biologic monitoring to increase quality of hygienic control over and diagnosis of occupational disease. The article covers data on international terminology for exposure tests parameters. Although difficult in elaboration, the exposure tests are highly informative and necessary to be put into practice.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Intoxicación/prevención & control , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Intoxicación/diagnóstico , Intoxicación/etiología , Medición de Riesgo/métodosRESUMEN
The article covers main directions of contemporary scientific and practical activities of Industrial Toxicologic Laboratory, that were formulated by the laboratory founder--Honorary Researcher of Russian Federation, Master of Science, Professor N.V. Lazarev--and are followed by his disciples.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/historia , Higiene/historia , Laboratorios/historia , Toxicología/historia , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Laboratorios/tendencias , Investigación/historia , Investigación/tendencias , Federación de Rusia , Toxicología/tendenciasRESUMEN
Experiments on animals were conducted to study influence of following household chemical components included into synthetic washing and cleaning mixtures: anion-active surface active substances, protease Blap 200 G, Savinase 4.OT, Purafect 200 G, alkaline proteinase made in Russia, an aromatic "Magic blue". Surface active substances included into synthetic washing and cleaning mixtures were proved to increase biologic activity of chemical components of the mixtures. Powdered anion-active surface active substances, unlike liquid and paste-like ones, require hygienic regulation in air. All new components of synthetic washing and cleaning mixtures should undergo toxicologic and hygienic examination, and require studies on hygienic regulation, if found in concentrations hazardous for health.
Asunto(s)
Productos Domésticos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Ácidos Alcanesulfónicos/toxicidad , Animales , Bencenosulfonatos/toxicidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Endopeptidasas/toxicidad , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Perfumes/toxicidad , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/toxicidad , Ratas , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Tensoactivos/toxicidadRESUMEN
The authors present materials on hygienic regulation of such synthetic detergents as "Losk", "Dixan" in air of workplace and populated area, demonstrate results concerning evaluation of "Losk" effects. Discussion covers ways to evaluate chemical load caused by simultaneous emission of synthetic detergents from various environmental objects. For testing reliability of hygienic regulation for complex emission exemplified by "Losk", the authors suggest a model for express evaluation of complex exposure to chemicals.
Asunto(s)
Detergentes/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/normas , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Animales , Industria Química , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Federación de RusiaAsunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Ácidos Alcanesulfónicos/toxicidad , Tensoactivos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Administración Oral , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Alcanesulfónicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Ratas , Tensoactivos/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Basing on the results of original clinical and experimental studies, as well as on medical literature data, the contributors proposed a hypothesis of the toxic action of trichloroethylene. It was attempted to prove that the trigger links of trichloroethylene intoxications were the energy exchange disorders caused by the nonspecific membranotoxic actions of the substance's molecules and their metabolites, as well as the extra consumption of energy by the metabolic processing of the poison. Involvement of adaptational reactions, such as the catecholamines' discharge, under the conditions of the damaged metabolic system, decreased the cell's potential and aggravated the severity of intoxications.