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1.
Pol Merkur Lekarski ; 46(276): 233-238, 2019 Jun 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31260430

RESUMEN

Proteinuria accompanies kidney diseases of various etiology and correlates with the degree of organ damage. Analysis of proteinuria allows the location of pathophysiological process in the kidney, and assessment of the severity of the kidney disease in chronic and acute kidney injury (AKI). Ascending bacterial acute kidney injury develops as a consequence of pyelonephritis. It is a rare complication in patients with anatomical or functional dysfunctions of the urinary tract. AIM: The aim of the study was to perform the laboratory analysis of proteinuria in bacterial ascending AKI in an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats (n = 24) were intravesically administrated bacterial suspension of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to induce: pyelonephritis (group 1, 105 CFU/ml); AKI (group 2, 107 CFU/ml); AKI and urosepsis (group 3, 109 CFU/ml) respectively. Bacterial strain - E.coli, was isolated from a patient with acute pyelonephritis. The daily diuresis and urine protein excretion was measured the following days: 0, 7, 14 and 21. Moreover, electrophoretic separation of urine protein, densitometric analysis of albumin fraction and uromodulin concentration in urine were performed. Moreover, the key parameters for the diagnosis of AKI were assayed. RESULTS: Increased urinary protein excretion was observed in each of the study groups. Moreover, the study groups showed significant changes in protein selectivity in the urine. CONCLUSIONS: Moderately severe proteinuria was revealed while its selectivity suggested significant damage of glomeruli and renal tubules in groups with complications caused by AKI induced by ascending pyelonephritis.


Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Escherichia coli , Proteinuria , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón , Modelos Teóricos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
2.
Folia Med Cracov ; 58(2): 131-145, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30467440

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The main goal of our studies was to investigate the effect exerted by pulsed electromagnetic led (PEMF) on adipocytokines secretion in cell culture supernatants from rat adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) grown on varied energy-rich diet. O spring and adult animals were randomly selected for two types of experimental diets: low (LF) or high fat (HF) diet for 7 weeks. A er the diet period, serum glucose level was measured, ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissues from different locations. ADSCs from all experimental groups were exposed to PEMF, supernatants collected and adipokines level was determined. RESULTS: HF diet feed in pups/adult animals elevated blood glucose level and increased the level of adiponectin (Apn) and leptin of both genders and age measured in serum. ADSCs cell cultures originated from female pups on LF diet and exposed to PEMF released large amounts of Apn. PEMF effect exerted on Apn release was also observed in ADSCs isolated from male pups HF diet. ADSCs from female pups on LF diet exposed to PEMF released smaller amounts of leptin in comparison to cell cultures without PEMF treatment. PEMF exposure of ADSCs cell cultures originated from female adults on LF diet decreased release of Apn, contrary adult male on LF diet ADSCs under PEMF treatment produced more leptin. PEMF treated male HF diet-originated ADSCs cultures released significantly more leptin than controls. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that PEMF exposure is responsible for metabolic physiological balance effects obtained in ADSCs cultures originating from adult animals on HF diet.


Asunto(s)
Adipocitos/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/fisiología , Campos Electromagnéticos , Células Madre/fisiología , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
3.
Folia Med Cracov ; 58(4): 21-34, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30745599

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify if the exposure to the pulsed electromagnetic eld (PEMF) influenced the release of proinflammatory cytokines from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) of normal and overweight rats of various age and sex. Moreover, we compared body temperatures of normal-weight and overweight rats. METHODS: ADSCs of Wistar rats were isolated from the subcutaneous area in females and paratesticular region in males, cultured and exposed to PEMF (7 Hz, 30 mT). Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines were determined in rat sera and supernatant from ADSCs cultures exposed and non-exposed to PEMF. Body temperature (BT) was measured twice a week, using an infrared and rectal thermometer. RESULTS: Irrespective of age and sex, animals maintained on low-fat (LF) diet had higher BT than those grown on high-fat (HF) diet. Exposure to PEMF reduced the release of TNF-α and enhanced the production of IL-6 in ADSCs cultures from female pups maintained on LF diet. In contrast, a decrease in IL-6 level was observed in PEMF-exposed ADSCs cultures from female pups grown on HF diet. A similar phenomenon, i.e. a post-exposure increase in IL-6 level was also observed in male pups fed with the LF diet. In the case of ADSCs cultures from adult rats maintained on an HF diet, either males or females, PEMF exposure contributed to a dramatic increase in TNF-α production. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that PEMF exposure may affect the production of proinflammatory cytokines in ADSCs cultures. The intergroup differences in BT may result from the presence of an underlying inflammation in obese rats.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/efectos de la radiación , Citocinas/efectos de la radiación , Campos Electromagnéticos/efectos adversos , Mediadores de Inflamación/efectos de la radiación , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Células Madre/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
4.
Folia Med Cracov ; 58(3): 115-125, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30521516

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa is a widely prevalent eating disorder that o en leads to life-threatening complications. Since it mostly concerns females, many authors have focused on studying the reproductive system in anorexic women. Recently discovered telocytes may give a new insight into the pathophysiology of gynecological complications in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We adopted an animal model of anorexia nervosa induced by voluntary physical activity. Sixteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and activity-based anorexia. When the weight loss of activity-based anorexia (ABA) rats reached 25% animals were euthanized. Size and weight measurements as well as histopathological analysis of the reproductive organs were performed. Additionally, we used immunohistochemical staining for detection of telocytes. RESULTS: Telocytes were identified in uteri of anorectic rats but no differences were observed when compared to the control group. Nevertheless, in the ABA group the weight of the uteri and the number of follicles in the ovaries decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our rat model of anorexia nervosa mimics the effects of this eating disorder that occur in the female reproductive system since we reported ovarian dysfunction and uterine involution in the experimental animals. It supports its potential role in the further studies of anorexia pathophysiology and treatment possibilities.


Asunto(s)
Anorexia Nerviosa/patología , Ovario/patología , Telocitos/patología , Útero/patología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Folículo Ovárico/patología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Ratas , Telocitos/citología
5.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) ; 71(0): 520-529, 2017 Jun 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28665281

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the rapid deterioration of renal function, diagnosed on the basis of an increase in serum creatinine and abnormal urinary parameters. AKI is associated with increased risk of mortality or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to develop an experimental model for AKI resulting from Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis. E. coli was isolated from a patient with clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). MATERIAL/METHODS: The study included three groups of female Wistar rats (groups 1, 2 and 3), in which pyelonephritis was induced by transurethral inoculation with highly virulent E. coli (105, 107 and 109 cfu/ml, respectively). Urine and blood samples for analysis were obtained prior to the inoculation (day 0), as well as 7, 14 and 21 days thereafter. RESULTS: Aside from a microbiological examination of urine samples, daily urine output, serum creatinine (CreaS), creatinine clearance (CrCl), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) were determined. A histopathological examination of kidney and urinary bladder specimens was conducted as well. While UTI-related pyelonephritis developed irrespective of E. coli inoculum size, AKI was observed only following transurethral administration of E. coli at the intermediate and high dose, i.e. 107 and 109 cfu/ml, respectively (group 2 and 3). DISCUSSION: An increase in CreaS and abnormal diuresis were accompanied by changes in parameters specific for various forms of AKI, i.e. FENa and FEUrea. Based on these changes, administration of E. coli at 107 cfu/ml was demonstrated to induce renal AKI, whereas inoculation with 109 cfu/ml seemed to cause not only ascending pyelonephritis, but perhaps also bacteremia and urosepsis (prerenal component of AKI).


Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/complicaciones , Infecciones Urinarias/complicaciones , Escherichia coli Uropatógena , Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología
6.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 53(3): 179-189, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28720209

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The application of cytostatic oxazaphosphorines such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) is associated with the risk of kidney damage that, depending on the type of drug, dose and route of administration, adopts a different clinical entity and severity. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of CP and IF on the kidney histology and function in rats intraperitoneally treated with four doses of either CP or IF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 rats were divided into three groups (10 in each group): group 1 (control), sham treated with saline solution, group 2 (treated with 75mg/kg b.w. of CP), and group 3 (treated with 60mg/kg b.w. of IF). After the treatment rats were sacrificed, blood was collected and nephrectomy and cystectomy were performed. Qualitative and quantitative parameters (including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-1, NGAL-1) of kidney function were assayed in urine and plasma. RESULTS: CP-treated rats were characterized by a significant polyuria, decreased urine pH and by decreased daily urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, urea and uric acid accompanied by increased NGAL-1 excretion. A significant decrease of the plasma uric acid concentration was also observed. IF-treated animals were also characterized by decreased urine pH but with normal daily urinary excretion of assessed substances (except for reduced uric acid excretion). Both CP and IF treated rats did not show any histopathological abnormalities in their kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: CP caused more advanced kidney dysfunction and some indices suggested the development of prerenal acute kidney injury. In the CP-treated group some particularly marked urinary and plasma uric acid disturbances suggested compensation of increased oxidative stress as uric acid is considered to exert also antioxidant properties.


Asunto(s)
Riñón , Estrés Oxidativo , Fosforamidas , Animales , Antioxidantes , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforamidas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
7.
Acta Pol Pharm ; 73(3): 777-85, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27476297

RESUMEN

Due to their paracrine action, leukotrienes released from the urothelium are involved in control of the bladder function. Anti-leukotriene agents appear to exert an ameliorating effect in bladder overactivity. It is unknown, whether their possible, modulatory impact on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may also contribute to the potentially beneficial effect of those compounds. Therefore, our aim was to indirectly estimate the ANS function using the heart rate variability (HRV) study in rats with experimental partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO), reflecting human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), treated with leukotriene receptor antagonist - montelukast (MLKT). Twenty rats with surgically induced PBOO lasting for 14 days, divided into two groups: group 1 (10 control subjects) and group 2 (10 MLKT-treated rats; 2 mg/rat/day) were subjected to HRV recordings, preceded by daily urine collection and a subsequent cystectomy with histopathological evaluation of collected bladders. Standard HRV time and spectral parameters were calculated. MLKT-treated animals demonstrated an increase in power of non-normalized LF (low frequency) and HF (high frequency) components with no change of the total HRV power. Moreover, an increase and decrease in normalized nLF and nHF, respectively, were assessed in those animals compared to the control. Additionally, a decrease in daily diuresis measurement was demonstrated in MLKT-treated animals. Montelukast treatment resulted in the functional ANS status re-arrangement, with sympathetic overdrive and parasympathetic withdrawal. Those changes may contribute to alleviation of bladder overactivity symptoms, independently on leukotriene receptors blockade.


Asunto(s)
Acetatos/farmacología , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas de Leucotrieno/farmacología , Quinolinas/farmacología , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclopropanos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sulfuros , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/fisiopatología
8.
Folia Med Cracov ; 56(1): 49-60, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27513838

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: High-calorie diet is responsible for excessive weight gain. Obesity has recently become world epidemics, affecting not only adults but also children, which makes it the biggest health problem in the world. Yet the underlying mechanism remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to clarify the role of gender in high fat diet induced obesity in pups and adult animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female rats were fed low/ high fat diet during mating, pregnancy and lactation. The offspring and adult rats fed different diet had their body weight and temperature measurements taken twice a week. On the 21st day of the experiment the animals underwent anesthesia in order to have their blood samples collected for lipid profile. RESULTS: After 3 weeks on HF diet female pups body weight was higher than in control group (p 〈0.05). Contrary to the female pups, the increase in body weight was higher (p 〈0.05) in male pups and occurred after 2 and 3 weeks. In adult female rats body weight increased after 2 weeks on HF, while in adult male group such weight gain was observed no sooner than after 3 weeks. A er three weeks of the experiment body weight was correlated positively (r = 0.941) with lipid profile of adult both gender groups on HF diet. CONCLUSIONS: In male pups group body weight increased faster and achieved higher values then in female pups. On the contrary, in adult group of females body weight increased faster than in male rats and achieved similar values.


Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Obesidad/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Ingestión de Alimentos , Femenino , Masculino , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
9.
Przegl Lek ; 73(11): 805-12, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29693342

RESUMEN

Introduction: Oxazaphosphorine agents (cyclophosphamide - CP, ifosfamide - IF) are causative factors of cystitis and also exert a characteristic nephrotoxic effect, clinically manifested by a broad spectrum of disturbances. The aim of the study was to estimate the toxic effect of the abovementioned oxazaphosphorines on the renal tubules by assessment of diuresis and urinary concentration and daily urinary excretion of the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in rats with induced and histologically confirmed cystitis. Material and Methods: The study involved 60 rats (equal amounts of ♀ and ♂), including animals treated with CP, administrated four times at the dose 75 mg/kg (group 1; n=10) and treated with IF, administrated four times at the dose 50 mg/kg IF (group 2; n=10) with the suitable control group A (group 3; n = 10), as well as animals receiving either a single dose 150 mg/kg of CP (group 4) or IF (group 5), with an appropriate control group B (group 6). Results: In both groups 1 and 4, a significant increase in the daily diuresis and decrease of the urinary pH were revealed, compared to the appropriate control group A (group 3) and B (group 6), while IF-treated animals, regardless of the applied doses (groups 2 and 5), were characterized by a urinary pH decrease. KIM-1 urinary concentration in rats from group 1 and 4 was almost three times higher compared to the appropriate control groups A or B, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. In animals with chronic (group 2) and acute (group 5) ifosfamide- induced cystitis, no statistically significant difference concerning KIM- 1 urinary concentration compared to a control A and B groups was revealed, although a clear tendency of increase of the parameter was observed in the IF-treaded animals. Analysis of daily KIM-1 urinary excretion showed a statistically significant, almost six-fold increase in group 1 and almost two-fold increase in group 2. In the groups with acute model of cystitis, the highest, nearly eight-fold, daily KIM-1 urinary excretion, was revealed in animals treated with single CP dose, compared to the respective control B group, while rats treated with a single IF dose were characterized by a daily urinary KIM -1 excretion, comparable to animals with IF-induced chronic cystitis. The histopathological analysis confirmed cystitis in all animals treated with either CP or IF (groups 1,2,4,5), while no altered kidney microscopic morphology, compared to respective control groups A and B, was observed in those rats. Conclusions: The study confirmed the proximal tubular dysfunction in rats with both cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-induced cystitis, which was reflected by an increased urinary KIM-1 excretion. The disturbance was more emphasized in CP-treated animals, especially in those ones treated with the single, high CP dose. The functional tubulopathy was not accompanied by a structural kidney damage in rats treated with either CP or IF.


Asunto(s)
Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Cistitis/orina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Receptor Celular 1 del Virus de la Hepatitis A/análisis , Ifosfamida/toxicidad , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Cistitis/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Ifosfamida/efectos adversos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
10.
Cent Eur J Immunol ; 40(4): 420-30, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26862305

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Enteric bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. In experimental colitis, a breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier results in inflow of various gut bacteria, induction of acute inflammation and finally, progression to chronic colitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study we compared pro-inflammatory properties of two bacterial strains isolated from human microbiome, Escherichia coli 3A1 and Lactobacillus plantarum KL30B. The study was performed using two experimental models of acute inflammation: peritonitis in mice and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. RESULTS: Both bacterial strains induced massive neutrophil infiltration upon injection into sterile peritoneal cavity. However, peritoneal exudate cells stimulated in vitro with E. coli 3A1, produced far more nitric oxide, than those stimulated with L. plantarum KL30B. Interestingly, distinct effect on the development of TNBS-induced colitis was observed after oral administration of the tested bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum KL30B evoked strong acute colitis. On the contrary, the administration of E. coli 3A1 resulted in a progression of colitis to chronicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that distinct effects of bacterial administration on the development of ongoing inflammation is strain specific and depends on the final effect of cross-talk between bacteria and cells of the innate immune system.

11.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) ; 68: 1184-92, 2014 Sep 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25228527

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Uromodulin (UMOD) is a glycoprotein excreted by the thick ascending limb of the Henle's loop and distal convoluted tubule cells, playing various, yet still unclear roles. An abnormal urinary UMOD excretion is observed in many pathophysiological conditions. The aim of our study was to assess urine UMOD excretion in experimental partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO), reflecting BPH in humans, and in cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (CP-HC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PBOO and CP-HC rats and two appropriate control groups were studied. The PBOO model was surgically induced by partial proximal urethral obstruction and CP-HC by four i.p. cyclophosphamide administrations (every two days). 24-hour urine collections were performed in both PBOO (on 3rd, 7th, 12th and 15th day after surgery) and CP-HC rats (on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day). UMOD was determined with the ELISA method. Both 24-hour urinary UMOD excretion and urinary UMOD concentrations were determined. RESULTS: In the overall assessment, PBOO rats were characterized by decreased mean urinary UMOD concentration. However, as the urine volume, except for transient drop on 3rd day following PBOO operation, was steadily increasing, the daily urinary uromodulin excretion did not differ from the control one. Contrary to PBOO, CP-HC rats demonstrated mean urinary concentration similar to that of the control rats, while their 24hr UMOD excretion in urine was almost doubled due to urine volume increase (from 1.6 up to almost 3 fold). The highest UMOD urinary output was observed after the 3rd and 4th doses of cyclophosphamide. DISCUSSION: A reduced urinary UMOD excretion in early PBOO phase may be considered as a marker of distal tubular cells damage due to incomplete bladder emptying and increased pressure retrograding to distal tubules. This effect disappears with structural, adaptive histological changes of the bladder wall leading to an improved voiding. In CP-HC animals, the elevated urinary UMOD level may be associated with complex inflammatory response due to the cytotoxic CP action. UMOD assessment in this model may reflect renal and urological toxicity as UMOD excretion rises with the cumulative cyclophosphamide dose.


Asunto(s)
Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Cistitis/prevención & control , Hemorragia/prevención & control , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Uromodulina/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Cistitis/inducido químicamente , Cistitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Vejiga Urinaria/efectos de los fármacos , Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismo , Urodinámica/efectos de los fármacos
12.
Acta Pol Pharm ; 71(3): 497-507, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25265830

RESUMEN

Signs and symptoms of secondary overactive bladder (OAB) are observed both in course of infravesical obstruction of urine outflow in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and as a result of development of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) following administration of cyclophosphamide (CP). Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate symptoms of bladder overactivity reducing local synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), but precise effects of those agents on functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in course of OAB remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of piroxicam-induced prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis block on activity of the ANS in two experimental models of secondary OAB: bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and cyclophosphamide-induced HC (CP-HC), by heart rate variability analysis (HRV). The experiment was performed on a group of rats with surgically induced 2-week BOO, and on a group of rats that were administered CP five times, with corresponding control groups. Study animals were given piroxicam (PRX) i.p. in two doses: 2 and 10 mg/kg b.w. In the BOO model, PRX in both doses revealed a trend for reduction of value of all non-normalized components of HRV. The lower PRX dose caused an increased nHF value, and PRX administered in the dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. caused an increase of the nLF value. In the CP-HC model, the lower PRX dose caused a trend for an increase of values of all non-normalized components, and the higher dose--for their decrease. Both doses of PRX in that model caused increase of the nLF value. Inhibition of PGs synthesis caused changes of ANS function in both models of OAB. Both in BOO and in CP-HC, PGs seem to be ANS-activating factors, responsible for maintenance of a high parasympathetic activity. In both models, inhibition of PGs synthesis with PRX administered at the dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. lead to functional reconstruction of ANS, with marked sympathetic predominance. That may contribute to reduction of the bladder contractile action and improvement of its compliance in the filling period, which was demonstrated by other authors in urodynamic tests for NSAIDs.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Ciclofosfamida , Cistitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Piroxicam/farmacología , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Vejiga Urinaria/inervación , Animales , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Cistitis/inducido químicamente , Cistitis/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/fisiopatología , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Recuperación de la Función , Factores de Tiempo , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/etiología , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/etiología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/fisiopatología , Urodinámica/efectos de los fármacos
13.
Pol Merkur Lekarski ; 37(222): 324-30, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25715570

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: The cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (CP-HC) is a common consequence of cyclophosphamide treatment with complex pathophysiology involving several inflammatory mechanisms and autonomic nervous system dysregulation. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: To determine effects of prostaglandin PGE1 and PGF2alpha analogues on the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), estimatedindirectly on the basis of heart rate variability (HRV), in an experimental model of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (CP-HC). Moreover we verified if potential changes in autonomic regulation can contribute to uroprotective role of prostaglandins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included three groups of rats with experimentally induced CP-HC. The animals from group 2 and 3 were administered PGE1 and PGF2a analogues, respectively, and the rats from group 1 (controls) did not receive any treatment. The HRV of animals from all the groups was analyzed after seven days of the experiment. RESULTS: Administration of both PGF2alpha and PGE1 was associated with an increase in the power of VLF component and total power on frequency-domain analysis. Moreover, a significant increase in the power of non-normalized components, LH and HF, and two parameters of time-domain analysis, SDN-N and rMSSD, was documented in PGF2alpha-administered animals. Both prostaglandin-treated groups did not differ significantly from the controls in terms of the values of normalized parameters, nLF and nHF. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed prostaglandin analogues increased total autonomic activity but did not induced preferential changes in sympathetic or parasympathetic activity. Nevertheless, the VLF changes documented on HRV analysis may reflect a decrease in the level of certain pro-inflammatory mediators, thus pointing to, previously postulated in literature, potential beneficial uroprotective effect of prostaglandins in CP-HC.


Asunto(s)
Alprostadil/farmacología , Cistitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dinoprost/farmacología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/fisiopatología , Animales , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclofosfamida , Cistitis/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
14.
Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag ; 14(1): 59-65, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38394138

RESUMEN

The study subject was a healthy, 47-year-old man, a low temperature Guinness World Record holder. He spent 50 days alone in Rovaniemi, Lapland, and functioned in the ambient temperature ranging from +2°C to -37°C. He did not use sources of heat, he did not eat warm meals or drink hot water, and did not dry his clothes. He slept in an igloo, on an ice cover of 20-30 cm. He spent 10 hours a day in a sleeping bag and for the remaining time he walked, skied, or rode a bicycle, and practiced swimming. The aim of the study was a laboratory assessment of renal capacity in a man exposed to long-term extremely low ambient temperatures. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee at the Regional Medical Chamber in Krakow, Poland (approval No.: 194/KBL/OIL/2019). Twice during the observation, urine and blood were collected and analyzed: before and after the prolonged exposure to extremely low ambient temperatures. Changes were seen in many blood and urine parameters, but in urine, they were more significant. In urine, decreased values of sodium (by 53.9%), potassium (by 22.6%), creatinine (by 65.5%), urea (by 61.3%), uric acid (by 58.4%), and protein (by 50%) were observed. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) increased by 34%. Absence of calcium oxalate excretion was reported relative to the value before the exposure to cold. In blood, increased values of interleukin-6 (by 60%) and ß-2-microglobulin (by 26.9%) were observed. Erythropoietin decreased by 22.4%. No changes were noted in estimated glomerular filtration rate. The study subject lost 10 kg in weight. On the basis of the results obtained during the observation, it can be determined that the probable cause of changes in the laboratory results of the subject was the diet used, and not a dysfunction of the excretory system. The body weight loss and activation of compensating mechanisms focused on saving vitally important diet components, caused by the insufficient diet, exclude the theory of a negative effect of exposure to extremely low temperatures on renal filtration function.


Asunto(s)
Hipotermia Inducida , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Temperatura , Riñón/metabolismo , Frío , Oxalato de Calcio/metabolismo , Biomarcadores
15.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) ; 67: 221-8, 2013 Apr 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23619221

RESUMEN

A syndrome with urgency, with or without associated urine incontinence and usually accompanied by higher urinary frequency and nocturia has been named "overactive bladder; OAB". OAB is an entity with complex pathophysiology, involving both myogenic and neurogenic (afferent / efferent bladder innervation) disturbances. OAB symptoms accompany benign prostatic hypertrophy--BPH ("obstructive OAB"). The aim of the study was to estimate the autonomic nervous system activity (ANS) in the experimental bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) which was an animal model of the human BPH. The study was conducted using 30 female rats, divided into two groups: BOO animals (n=15), with surgically induced BOO (by partial ligation of the proximal urethra) and control ones (n=15), which underwent sham procedure (without urethral ligation). Two weeks after the surgery, in both groups, ANS activity was estimated using time- and spectral analysis of the heart rate variability recordings. The bladder overactivity in BOO animals was confirmed using urodynamic recordings and bladder histological assessment, juxtaposed against the results of the control group. The key finding of our study was the development of autonomic disturbances in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) rats. Our study revealed that BOO animals were characterised by diminished rMSSD and spectral HRV parameters: TP, LF and HF, in comparison with the control group. The normalised nLF and nHF parameters did not differ significantly in both groups, although slight changes in the nLF (increased) and nHF (decreased) were noted in BOO group. The absolute VLF value was almost the same in both studied populations, however, the percentage part of this component in the appropriate HRV spectrum differed considerably in both studied groups. In BOO animals, VLF percentage amounted to about 90%, whereas in control animals this parameter reached only about 53% of the total power spectrum. Thus, to sum up, our findings suggest autonomic imbalance with decreased global autonomic tension and diminished parasympathetic activity with relatively sympathetic overactivity.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología
16.
Przegl Lek ; 70(9): 719-23, 2013.
Artículo en Polaco | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24455832

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; BPH is associated with the symptoms of the bladder overactivity. This disease can be comparatively easly induced using an animal model of the partial bladder outlet obstruction; PBOO. The pathophysiological description of BPH is still incomplete, thus autonomic nervous system activity assessement in the course of PBOO seems to be important. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out on 30 Wistar rats. 10 animals "sham" operated served as control group (group 1). Another 20 rats underwent the PBOO surgery. In all studied animals in urethane anaesthesia short-term (20 minutes lasting) heart rate variability (HRV) recordings were taken with the subse quent time-and spectral HRV analysis. In control rats, the HRV study was done after 7 days of sham operation while the PBOO animals were divided into two subgroups: with short lasting PBOO (group 2; the HRV records were collected on the 14th the day since the surgery) and with long-lasting PBOO (group 3; HRV records on the 29th day after surgery). After HRV collection, all studied animals were given a lethal pentobarbital dose and urinary bladders were removed for histopathological assessement. RESULTS: Bladders collected from PBOO rats were characterised by signs of congestion and edema with features of the excessve bladder wall muscularisation. The majority of the time-domain HRV analyzed parameters did not significantly differ in all studied groups. The total HRV spectrum power(TP), as well as the power of the low frequency component (LF) and high frequency one (HF) were markedly higher in the control group. In PBOO animals, the trend of the progressive power decrease of main HRV spectrum components was observed. The significant changes relating to the standardized HRV parameters were pronounced. In control rats, the nLF value was smaller while nHF - higher when compared to the group 2. Just the opposite, when combine the control and 3 group it was showed, that the value of nLF was higher and nHF - smaller in control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest, that the partial bladder outlet obstruction causes both the bladder remodelling and the functional changes of the autonomic nervous system which become more stressed with the BOO duration. 14-days lasting PBOO model caused decrease of the global autonomic tension, but with the maintaining of the mutual relations between the main ANS branches: sympathetic part and parasympathetic one. The monthly PBOO period caused the more marked autonomic dysfunction manifesting by considerable lowering of the total autono mic tension and the shift of autonomic balance towards to o parasympathetic predominance.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología
17.
Folia Med Cracov ; 52(1-2): 25-37, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23697213

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are caused in 95% of cases by bacteria--E. coli. UTIs usually are limited to the lower urinary tract, but it may also evolve into pyelonephritis and acute kidney injury. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was the laboratory evaluation of renal function in an experimental model of ascending pyelonephritis caused by intravesical infusion of E. coli. MATERIAL & METHODS: In female Wistar rats UTI was induced by intravesical administration of E. coli suspension in a dose 10(5) c.f.u./ml (Group 1), and 10(7) c.f.u./ml (Group 2). On the 0,7th, 14th and 21st day of the experiment the animals underwent the procedures of collecting blood and urine samples. RESULTS: The results shown that in group 2 on the 7th and 14th day of the study the creatinine clearance decreased by 36%, and on 21th by 34%. The increase in serum uric acid concentration (micromol/l) in group 2 was observed on the 7th (229.75 +/- 79.05) and 21st day (98.5 +/- 11.33) with respect to day 0 (77.12 +/- 11.63). In group 2 on the 7th day of the experiment there was observed the increased levels of potassium (mmol/l) in serum (13.5 +/- 1.48) with respect to day 0 (7.74 +/- 0.88). In group 2 in the 7th (1.06 +/- 0.18) and 14th day (1.32 +/- 0.26) there was noted the decreased excretion of potassium in the urine (mmol/24h) with respect to day 0 (3.75 +/- 1.9). The decrease in serum sodium levels (mmol/l) in group 2 was recorded on 14th day (121.5 +/- 8.7) with respect to day 0 (131.62 +/- 4.07). Increased factional sodium excretion--FENa (%) was observed in group 2 on 14th day (0.25 +/- 0.06) with respect to day 0 (0.12 +/- 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Our main finding is that--independently of the amount bacteria present in urinary bladder--in this inflammatory model there occurs inevitably acute kidney injury, however higher bacteria amount depicts a very clear profile of laboratory parameters that point at the kidney impaired function.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/fisiopatología , Pielonefritis/microbiología , Pielonefritis/fisiopatología , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Infecciones Urinarias/fisiopatología , Animales , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Femenino , Pruebas de Función Renal , Pielonefritis/diagnóstico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Infecciones Urinarias/diagnóstico
18.
Nutrients ; 14(2)2022 Jan 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35057424

RESUMEN

Elucidating the mechanisms of bacterial translocation is crucial for the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of lactoferrin to inhibit the development of late-onset blood infection in neonates. Our investigation evaluates the role of key stress factors leading to the translocation of intestinal bacteria into the bloodstream and, consequently, the development of life-threatening sepsis. Three stress factors, namely weaning, intraperitoneal administration of Gram-positive cocci and oral intake of Gram-negative rods, were found to act synergistically. We developed a novel model of rat pups sepsis induced by bacterial translocation and observed the inhibition of this process by supplementation of various forms of lactoferrin: iron-depleted (apolactoferrin), iron-saturated (hololactoferrin) and manganese-saturated lactoferrin. Additionally, lactoferrin saturated with manganese significantly increases the Lactobacillus bacterial population, which contributes to the fortification of the intestinal barrier and inhibits the translocation phenomenon. The acquired knowledge can be used to limit the development of sepsis in newborns in hospital neonatal intensive care units.


Asunto(s)
Traslocación Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Lactoferrina/administración & dosificación , Sepsis Neonatal/prevención & control , Staphylococcus haemolyticus , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Apoproteínas/administración & dosificación , Infecciones de Transmisión Sanguínea/microbiología , Infecciones de Transmisión Sanguínea/prevención & control , Temperatura Corporal , Peso Corporal , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Esquema de Medicación , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Manganeso/administración & dosificación , Sepsis Neonatal/diagnóstico , Sepsis Neonatal/microbiología , Permeabilidad , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/fisiología , Destete
19.
Folia Med Cracov ; 51(1-4): 45-58, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22891537

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system receives information from the gut and modifies food intake mainly by vagus nerves. Some our data show that long-term electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which "mimics" satiety signal from gut, may cause reduction of body mass and decrease in food intake. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of chronic vagal stimulation on neurons in the nodose ganglions of vagus nerves, analyzed by c-Fos expression and image analysis. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were implanted with microstimulator (MS) and kept during the whole study (3 months) on high calorie diet. Sub-diaphragmatic left vagal nerve was stimulated by electrical rectangular pulses duration 10 ms, amplitude 200 mV, frequency 0.05 Hz generated by MS. Twelve rats (6--control and 6--MS implanted) were used for 3-week and 3-month experiments respectively. At the end of experiments the nodose ganglions of both vagus nerves (left and right) were taken, formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens were made. The nodose ganglions neurons were identified by immunochemistry (PGP 9.5 as a marker) and the percentage of c-Fos positive neurons (anti c-Fos as a marker) were evaluated. RESULTS: Assessment of c-Fos positive neurons in nodose ganglia of vagal nerve showed significant increase in percentage of positive cells in the left nodose ganglion (4.19%) and non significant in the right nodose ganglion (2.64 %) compared to control (1.44%) in 3-week experiment. Data obtained from 3-month experiment were similar: (4.97%; 2.66% and 1.68%) for left, right and control respectively. In both experiments number of c-Fos positive neurons was higher in left vagal ganglion compared to the right ganglion and control. There were no significant differences between 3-week and 3-month experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in c-Fos expression in left nodose ganglion neurons confirms the afferent transmission of the signal (generated by MS) from periphery to the brain by the vagal nerves.


Asunto(s)
Neuronas/metabolismo , Ganglio Nudoso/citología , Ganglio Nudoso/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , Nervio Vago/fisiología , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estimulación del Nervio Vago
20.
Folia Med Cracov ; 51(1-4): 99-106, 2011.
Artículo en Polaco | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22891542

RESUMEN

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive in a given pair, despite regular sexual intercourse for at least 12 months. In 2004, the World Health Organization has recognized infertility as a social disease. Nowadays, the problem of infertility, meets 1 to 6 pairs, which affects approximately 13-15% of couples the world's population. In Poland, this problem affects between 700 thousand to a million pairs. Male infertility may arise from the use of pharmacotherapy and adverse drug reactions. This publication provides an overview of the type of drugs impairing function of male genitalia and to discuss mechanisms for their action on the process of spermatogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Infertilidad Masculina/inducido químicamente , Antihipertensivos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Genitales Masculinos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/clasificación , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos
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