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1.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 59(4)2024 May 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38881524

RESUMEN

AIMS: To investigate the association between alcohol consumption registered daily with a digital smartphone-based diary and concentration of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 in a population without a known alcohol use disorder (AUD), and evaluate whether prospective registration of alcohol consumption is better than retrospective registration and if the association between alcohol intake and PEth was affected by sex or body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A total of 41 women and 21 men without AUD-diagnosis registered their alcohol consumption prospectively with a digital diary for 14 days, and retrospectively with the Timeline Followback method in the same time interval. PEth was measured before and after the registration period. RESULTS: The correlation between alcohol consumption and PEth varied from 0.65 to 0.87. It did not depend significantly on the reporting method, and was not influenced by sex or BMI. Based on the regression coefficient, a reduction of alcohol consumption by two alcohol units (26 g of pure ethanol) per day would lead to a reduction of the PEth concentration of about 0.1 µmol/l, and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: There was a good correlation between PEth concentration and alcohol consumption, both when alcohol consumption was reported prospectively and retrospectively. The preferred cut-off for PEth should be adjusted to the level of alcohol consumption considered harmful and a purposeful trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. In order to identify persons with a daily alcohol consumption of more than two or three units of alcohol with a sensitivity of 80% or 90%, we suggest a cut-off of around 0.1 µmol/l.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Glicerofosfolípidos , Teléfono Inteligente , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glicerofosfolípidos/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Voluntarios Sanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto Joven , Índice de Masa Corporal , Autoinforme
2.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 58(3): 258-265, 2023 May 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36928303

RESUMEN

AIMS: To evaluate the association between self-reported alcohol consumption and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood in a large general population study, and discuss optimal cut-off PEth concentrations for defined levels of alcohol consumption. METHODS: Population based, longitudinal cohort study including 24,574 adults from The Trøndelag Health Study 4 (HUNT4) conducted in Trøndelag County, Norway. Data included PEth concentration, self-reported alcohol consumption and CAGE score. RESULTS: PEth levels in whole blood increased with the number of alcohol units consumed, the frequency of alcohol consumption, the frequency of binge drinking and the CAGE score (lifetime, i.e. 'have you ever'). The cut-off concentrations with highest combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.057 µmol/l (40 ng/ml) for identification of those consuming >1 alcohol unit per day (sensitivity 86%, specificity 76%), 0.087 µmol/l (61 ng/ml) for consuming >2 units per day (sensitivity 87%, specificity 81%) and 0.122 µmol/l (86 ng/ml) for consuming >3 alcohol units per day (sensitivity 80%, specificity 86%). By defining a CAGE score ≥ 2 as potentially harmful consumption, a cut-off of 0.100 µmol/l (70 ng/ml) identified 52% of all those subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Cut-off limits of PEth concentrations should take into account the indication for sampling. Using cut-offs for the PEth concentrations of about 0.05 µmol/l (35 ng/ml) and 0.08 µmol/l (56 ng/ml) would identify about 90% of the subjects consuming more than 1 and 2 alcohol units per day, respectively. Concentrations above these cut-offs should lead to a more detailed interview related to alcohol use.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Glicerofosfolípidos , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Biomarcadores , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Etanol
3.
BMC Psychiatry ; 22(1): 286, 2022 04 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35449039

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The use of standard screening methods could improve the detection rate of unhealthy alcohol use in patients admitted to psychiatric acute and emergency departments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) to identify patients with high levels of alcohol consumption prior to admission. METHODS: The data were prospectively collected at admittance to an acute psychiatric department in the period January 2016 to June 2017. A blood sample for the analysis of PEth was available from 177 patients. We compared the PEth concentrations with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores during the hospital stay, and psychiatric diagnoses at discharge. RESULTS: A total of 45.8% of the patients had a PEth concentration ≥ 0.03 µmol/L, indicating significant alcohol consumption. AUDIT scores consistent with unhealthy alcohol use were present in 51.7%. There was a significant positive correlation between PEth concentrations and AUDIT scores (r = 0.631, p < 0.001). PEth was above the detection limit of 0.03 µmol/L in 19% of those reporting an average daily intake of zero alcohol units per day during the last week before admission. PEth concentrations were significantly higher among those with an alcohol diagnosis than among those without such a diagnosis (0.82 µmol/L vs. 0.09 µmol/L, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: PEth provides supplementary information on recent alcohol consumption in a psychiatric population and would be particularly helpful in patients unable or unwilling to give such information at admission.


Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/psicología , Biomarcadores , Glicerofosfolípidos , Humanos , Autoinforme
5.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen ; 136(19): 1643-1647, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Noruego | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27790892

RESUMEN

Alcohol abuse has significant medical, social and socioeconomic consequences. Alcohol biomarkers may serve as a useful tool in identifying individuals with excessive alcohol consumption in medical as well as medico-legal contexts.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/análisis , Glucuronatos/orina , Glicerofosfolípidos/sangre , Humanos , Estándares de Referencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Transferrina/análogos & derivados , Transferrina/análisis
8.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0304714, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38820445

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Changes in alcohol consumption may affect older adults' health. We examined prevalence and changes in the alcohol consumption of older women and men (≥65 years) in Norway over a 24-year period. METHODS: Data from three population-based health surveys (The Trøndelag Health Study-HUNT2 1995-97, HUNT3 2006-08, HUNT4 2017-19) were used. Alcohol consumption was measured using self-reported measures and an objective measure of alcohol consumption (Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1, PEth). Self-reported lifetime abstinence, former drinking, current drinking, frequent drinking (≥4 times/week), and risk drinking (≥8 units/week) were measured. The PEth concentrations were stratified: <0.03 µmol/l (abstinence/very low level of alcohol consumption); >0.06 µmol/l (indicating >1 unit/day); >0.10 µmol/l (indicating >3 units/day), and >0.30 µmol/l (heavy alcohol consumption). RESULTS: In HUNT4, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence, frequent drinking, and risk drinking was 5.2%, 4.4%, and 5.6%, respectively, while prevalence of PEth <0.03 µmol/l was 68.1% and PEth >0.06 µmol/l was 21.2%. Over the course of the three surveys, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence decreased, while the prevalence of frequent drinking and risk drinking increased. Men were less often abstainers and more often frequent and risky drinkers than women in all three surveys. Gender differences for abstinence and current drinking reduced with time. From HUNT3 to HUNT4, the prevalence of PEth <0.03 µmol/l decreased, while the prevalence of PEth >0.06 µmol/l increased. Men compared to women, had less often PEth <0.03 µmol/l and more often PEth >0.06 and >0.10 µmol/l in HUNT3 and HUNT4. Women and men ≥75 years were just as likely to have PEth >0.30 µmol/l in HUNT4. The gender differences in PEth concentrations were reduced in HUNT4 among those aged 70-74 years or ≥75 years. CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption has increased among Norwegian older adults over a 24-year period, but at a slower pace during the last decade.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Glicerofosfolípidos , Autoinforme , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Noruega/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Glicerofosfolípidos/sangre , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encuestas Epidemiológicas
9.
J Anal Toxicol ; 45(4): 417-421, 2021 Apr 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32754728

RESUMEN

Due to its specificity, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 has gained increased popularity as a marker for high alcohol consumption in recent years. As conflicting results regarding the stability of PEth 16:0/18:1 in whole blood have been published, there are still uncertainties related to optimum handling, transport and storage of blood samples for the analysis of PEth 16:0/18:1. A stability study where whole blood samples were drawn from healthy volunteers, who had ingested alcohol, is presented. The samples were collected in tubes with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and heparin as additives and stored under standardized conditions within 1 h of blood sampling. Storage times were 28 days in ambient temperature and at 4-8°C, and 90 days at -20°C and -80°C. All samples were analyzed regularly during the storage periods. PEth 16:0/18:1 concentrations were stable (defined as < 15% decrease compared with baseline values) at all temperatures up to 28 days, independent of additive. After 90 days of storage at -20°C, the mean concentrations had decreased by 18.8% in EDTA tubes and by 13.8% in heparin tubes. At -80°C, the concentrations were stable throughout the 90-day period. The present study shows that in samples containing PEth formed in vivo, PEth 16:0/18:1 is stable for 28 days irrespective of storage temperature. During long-term storage, samples should be stored at -80°C.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Glicerofosfolípidos , Biomarcadores , Etanol , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos
10.
J Anal Toxicol ; 42(1): 33-41, 2018 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28977407

RESUMEN

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an alcohol biomarker formed in the presence of ethanol in the body. Both due to its specificity and because it has a detection window of up to several weeks after alcohol intake, its application potential is broader than for other ethanol biomarkers. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a robust method for PEth in whole blood with fast and efficient sample extraction and a short analytical runtime, suitable for high throughput routine purposes. A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC®-MSMS) method for quantification of PEth 16:0/18:1 in the range 0.05-4.00 µM (R2 ≥ 0.999) is presented. PEth 16:0/18:1 and the internal standard (IS) PEth-d5 (0.55 µM), were extracted from whole blood (150 µL) by simple protein precipitation with 2-propanol (450 µL). Chromatography was achieved using a BEH-phenyl (2.1 × 30 mm, 1.7 µm) column and a gradient elution combining ammonium formate (5 mM, pH 10.1) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Runtime was 2.3 min. The mass spectrometer was monitored in negative mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The m/z 701.7 > 255.2 and 701.7 > 281.3 transitions were monitored for PEth 16:0/18:1 and the m/z 706.7 > 255.3 for PEth-d5. Limit of quantification was 0.03 µM (coefficient of variation, CV = 6.7%, accuracy = 99.3%). Within-assay and between-assay imprecision were 0.4-3.3% (CV ≤ 7.1%). Recoveries were 95-102% (CV ≤ 4.9%). Matrix effects after IS correction ranged from 107% to 112%. PEth 16:0/18:1 in patient samples were stable for several days at 30°C. Repeated freezing (-80°C) and thawing did not affect the concentration. After thawing and analysis patient samples were stable at 4-8°C for at least 4 weeks. Results from a proficiency test program, showing |Z| values ≤1.2, confirm the validity of the method. Analysis of the first 3,169 samples sent to our laboratory for routine use has demonstrated its properties as a robust method suitable for high throughput purposes.


Asunto(s)
Nivel de Alcohol en Sangre , Cromatografía Liquida , Etanol/sangre , Glicerofosfolípidos/sangre , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Biomarcadores/sangre , Calibración , Cromatografía Liquida/normas , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/normas , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/normas , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/normas
11.
PLoS One ; 9(3): e91923, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24637620

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential of magnetic resonance (MR) metabolomics for study of preeclampsia, for improved phenotyping and elucidating potential clues to etiology and pathogenesis. METHODS: Urine and serum samples from pregnant women with preeclampsia (n = 10), normal pregnancies (n = 10) and non-pregnant women (n = 10) matched by age and gestational age were analyzed with MR spectroscopy and subjected to multivariate analysis. Metabolites were then quantified and compared between groups. RESULTS: Urine and serum samples revealed clear differences between women with preeclampsia and both control groups (normal pregnant and non-pregnant women). Nine urine metabolites were significantly different between preeclampsia and the normal pregnant group. Urine samples from women with early onset preeclampsia clustered together in the multivariate analysis. The preeclampsia serum spectra showed higher levels of low and very-low density lipoproteins and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins when compared to both non-pregnant and normal pregnant women. CONCLUSION: The MR determined metabolic profiles in urine and serum from women with preeclampsia are clearly different from normal pregnant women. The observed differences represent a potential to examine mechanisms underlying different preeclampsia phenotypes in urine and serum samples in larger studies. In addition, similarities between preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease in metabolomics are demonstrated.


Asunto(s)
Metaboloma , Metabolómica , Preeclampsia/sangre , Preeclampsia/orina , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Metabolómica/métodos , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Embarazo , Adulto Joven
12.
Pregnancy Hypertens ; 3(2): 67-8, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26105858

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia (PE) affects about 3% of pregnancies. The syndrome cannot be accurately predicted, and large variation complicates the search for early biomarkers. Metabolites are components of the metabolism; the chemical interactions in the body necessary for life. Metabolomics, the study of metabolism, has been used to characterize diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVES: Explore the use of magnetic resonance (MR) metabolomics on PE, and to elucidate potential clues to PE etiology and pathogenesis. METHODS: Serum and urine from non-pregnant women (n=10) and pregnant women with PE (n=10) or normal pregnancies (n=10), was analyzed with MR spectroscopy and subjected to multivariate analysis (MVA). Metabolites were quantified and compared between groups. RESULTS: Urine and serum samples revealed differences between PE and both control groups. Ten urine metabolites were significantly different between the three groups. Urine samples from women with early-onset PE clustered together in MVA. PE serum spectra had higher levels of low and very-low density lipoproteins, and lower high-density lipoproteins compared to control groups. CONCLUSION: PE and control samples were effectively discriminated using MR metabolomics, suggesting that MR metabolomics is a useful method for improved sub-phenotyping of PE in larger studies. Information relevant to the disease was found both for serum and urine samples, and indicated similarities between PE and CVD.

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