RESUMEN
The presence of numerous sensors inside modern vehicles leads to the development of new driving assistance tools, the real usefulness of which depends, however, on the environmental context. This study proposes a procedure capable of quantifying the effectiveness of some warnings produced by an On-Board Unit (OBU) inside the vehicle in a specific environmental context, even if limited only to the considered road. The experimentation was carried out by means of a driving simulator with a sample of young users with sufficiently homogeneous characteristics. The collected data were treated by ANOVA to highlight any differentiation between a traditional driving condition, without any instrumental support, and another involving the OBU was present. The results showed that only in relation to the investigated road, the OBU ensured the advantage of sending information of interest to the driver without invalidating their performance in terms of longitudinal and transverse acceleration, speeding, and steering angle. This research could be of interest to the infrastructure managers who, in case of inappropriate use of a road, could intensify active and passive safety devices for users' safety.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Open surgery is widely used as a benchmark for the results of fenestrated endovascular repair of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, the existing evidence stems from single-centre experiences, and may not be reproducible in wider practice. National outcomes provide valuable information regarding the safety of suprarenal aneurysm repair. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from English Hospital Episodes Statistics for patients undergoing elective suprarenal aneurysm repair from 1 April 2000 to 31 March 2010. Thirty-day mortality and five-year survival were analysed by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: 793 patients underwent surgery with 14% overall 30-day mortality, which did not improve over the study period. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality included age, renal disease and previous myocardial infarction. 5-year survival was independently reduced by age, renal disease, liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, and known metastatic solid tumour. There was significant regional variation in both 30-day mortality and 5-year survival after risk-adjustment. Regional differences in outcome were eliminated in a sensitivity analysis for perioperative outcome, conducted by restricting analysis to survivors of the first 30 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Elective suprarenal aneurysm repair was associated with considerable mortality and significant regional variation across England. These data provide a benchmark to assess the efficacy of complex endovascular repair of supra-renal aneurysms, though cautious interpretation is required due to the lack of information regarding aneurysm morphology. More detailed study is required, ideally through the mandatory submission of data to a national registry of suprarenal aneurysm repair.