Effects of Supplementation of Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and Taperebá (Spondias mombin) Pulp Extracts on Food Intake, Body Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Rats.

This study evaluates the effects of supplementation of murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and taperebá (Spondias mombin) pulp extracts on dietary intake, body composition, biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 80 healthy male Wistar rats and a 30-day supplementation. In the first experiment, animals were divided into control (C) group, murici group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Mu), murici group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Mu), and murici group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Mu). In the second experiment, animals were divided into C group, taperebá group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Tap), taperebá group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Tap), and taperebá group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Tap). Results showed lower feed intake in 50Mu, 100Mu, and 100Tap groups (13%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, P < .05) and lower body fat in 200Mu, 100Tap, and 200Tap groups (16.0%, 29.1%, and 27.1%, respectively, P < .05). Only the 100Tap group showed reduced adipose tissue content (30.4%; P < .05). Increased plasma antioxidant capacity was observed at all doses for both fruits. Taperebá supplementation reduced ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange levels (50Tap: 8.4%, 100Tap: 16.1%, 200Tap: 24.3%; P < .05) and increased thiol levels (50Tap: 39%, 100Tap: 31%; P < .05). Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were reduced in all groups receiving taperebá (50Tap: 77.7%, 100Tap: 73.1%, 200Tap: 73.8%; P < .05) and murici (50Mu: 44.5%, 100Mu: 34%, 200Mu: 43%; P < .05). Therefore, it is suggested that the inclusion of these fruits in the diet can contribute to health maintenance and disease prevention, through their effects on controlling food intake, improving body composition, and in combating oxidative stress.

Effect of grape juice consumption on antioxidant activity and interleukin-6 concentration in lactating rats / Efecto del consumo de zumo de uva en la actividad antioxidante y la concentración de interleucina-6 en ratas lactantes

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of grape juice consumption on the antioxidant capacity and the interleukin-6 blood level of lactating rats. Material and method: Eighteen Wistar rats, lactating females adult, were divided into two groups: control group (CG) and grape juice group (GJG). The antioxidant activity was determined by the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-kidnapping of free radicals (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the interleukin-6 was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: The antioxidant capacity was higher (p < 0.05) in the GJG (25.00 ± 3.08 μmol eq. Trolox/g) than in the CG (10.00 ± 3.11 μmol eq. Trolox/g), by the ORAC method. The interleukin-6 (pg/ml) level was lower in the grape juice group than in CG. Conclusion: The consumption of grape juice during lactation improves the antioxidant capacity in lactating rats and seems capable to decrease the inflammatory activity (AU)

Introducción: este estudio evaluó el efecto del consumo de zumo de uva sobre la capacidad antioxidante y el nivel de interleucina-6 en sangre de ratas lactantes. Material y método: dieciocho ratas Wistar lactantes adultas se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo control (CG) y grupo de zumo de uva (GJU). La actividad antioxidante se determinó mediante el método de secuestro de radicales libres (DPPH) y la Capacidad de Absorción Radical de Oxígeno (ORAC) por 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), y la interleucina-6 se determinó mediante Inmunosorbent Enzyme-linked Método de ensayo (ELISA). Los datos se presentaron como media y desviación estándar. Resultados: la capacidad antioxidante fue mayor (p < 0,05) en el GJU (25,00 ± 3,08 μmol ecuación Trolox/g) que en el CG (10,00 ± 3,11 μmol ecuación Trolox/g), según el método ORAC. El nivel de interleucina-6 (pg/ml) fue menor en el grupo de zumo de uva que en CG. Conclusión: el consumo de zumo de uva durante la lactancia mejora la capacidad antioxidante de las ratas lactantes y parece ser capaz de disminuir la actividad inflamatoria (AU)

Anemia in pregnancy: impact on weight and in the development of anemia in newborn / Anemia gestacional: influencia de la anemia sobre el peso y el desarrollo del recién nacido

Introduction: nutritional deficiencies are still a common problem during pregnancy causing anemia. Gestational anemia is still considered a public health problem in Brazil, because it is hazardous to both mother and fetus, and is associated with increased risk of maternal-fetal morbidity, as well as the nutritional status of child. Objective: to evaluate the frequency of maternal gestational anemia in newborns and its relation to the nutritional status of the child at birth. Methods: anthropometric data of pregnant women and their newborns were obtained. Blood was collected from pregnant women and the umbilical cord of newborns for analysis of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RDW, iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation index in automatic devices. The results are presented such as the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation. GraphPadinStat® Software version 3.0 was used, with a maximum significance level of 5%. Results: the frequency of maternal anemia was 53.7%, and 32.6% in newborns. Half the newborns were anemic children of anemic mothers. 79.3% of the anemic pregnant women had mild anemia and in 20.7% moderate. The average concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit was lower in anemic pregnant women (9.7 ± 0.9 g/dL and 29.8 ± 3.2%) compared with non-anemic (11.9 ± 0.7 g/ dL and 36.5 ± 2.7%). The maternal iron was positively correlated with ferritin (r = 0.3889, p = 0.01) from umbilical cord blood. The newborns’ weight, length and head circumference of anemic mothers were 3 375.9 ± 506,9 g, 51.2 ± 1.7 cm and 34.5 ± 1.5 cm, respectively, while of nonanemic mothers were 3 300.2 ± 458,4 g, 50.3 ± 2.0 cm and 34.2 ± 2.0 cm, respectively. There were no significant correlations between maternal hemoglobin, iron and ferritin with weight, length and head circumference of newborns. Conclusion: the results of this study show that maternal iron deficiency anemia (mild to moderate) can affect the blood profile and iron concentrations in umbilical cord blood of newborns, but without interfering with the child’s anthropometric parameters (AU)

Introducción: la anemia gestacional todavía se considera un problema de salud pública en Brasil y se asocia con un mayor riesgo de morbilidad materno-fetal y el estado nutricional de los niños en el período posparto. Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia de la anemia gestacional materna en recién nacidos y su relación con el estado nutricional del niño al nacer. Métodos: se obtuvieron datos antropométricos de las mujeres embarazadas y los recién nacidos. Se recogieron muestras de sangre de mujeres embarazadas y de cordón umbilical de los recién nacidos para su posterior análisis de hemoglobina, hematocrito, ADE, hierro, ferritina e índice de saturación de transferrina en dispositivos automatizados. Los resultados se presentan como media y la desviación estándar. Fue utilizado el software GraphPadinStat®, versión 3.0 y se aceptó un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: la frecuencia de anemia materna era de 53,7% y 32,6% en los recién nacidos. La mitad de los recién nacidos eran niños anémicos de madres anémicas. De las mujeres embarazadas con anemia, el 79,3% tenían anemia leve y el 20,7% moderada. La concentración media de hemoglobina y hematocrito fue menor en las mujeres embarazadas con anemia (9,7 ± 0,9 g/ dl y 29,8 ± 3,2%) en comparación con las no anémicas (11,9 ± 0,7 g/dl y 36,5 ± 2,7%), como se esperaba. El nivel de hierro de la madre se correlacionó positivamente con ferritina (r = 0,389; p = 0,01) a partir de la sangre del cordón umbilical. El peso, la longitud y la circunferencia de la cabeza de los niños nacidos de madres anémicas fueron: 3.375,9 ± 506,9 g, 51,2 ± 1,7 cm y 34,5 ± 1,5 cm, respectivamente, mientras que entre los recién nacidos de madres no anémicas fueron: 3.300,2 ± 458,4 g, 50,3 ± 2,0 cm y 34,2 ± 2,0 cm, respectivamente. No se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la hemoglobina, el hierro y la ferritina de la madre, y el peso, la longitud y la circunferencia de la cabeza de los recién nacidos. Conclusión: la frecuencia de anemia leve es elevada tanto en la madre como en el nenonato. Sin embargo, no influye en los parámetros antropométricos del recién nacido (AU)