[Perspectives and Challenges of hand-held Ultrasound]. / Entwicklungen, Herausforderung und Perspektiven des Handheld-Ultraschalls (HHUS).

The use of handheld ultrasound devices from a technical and data protection point of view, device properties, functionality, documentation, indications, delegation of performance, applications by doctors, students and non-medical staff is examined and discussed.

In situ infrared spectroscopic studies on the mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H8 over Ga2O3/Al2O3: high efficiency of the reducing agent.

The partial oxidation of propane and the mechanism of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by propane over Ga2O3/Al2O3 in excess of O2 have been investigated using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An optimized Ga2O3/Al2O3 catalyst shows high activity and efficiency of the reducing agent propane (100% conversion of NO at 623 K, GHSV: 10,000 h(-1)). One molecule of propane converts more than 4 NO molecules to N2. The reaction starts with the partial oxidation of C3H8 by O2 and carboxylates (acetate, formate) are formed on the catalyst surface above 573 K. This oxidation represents the rate-determining step of the SCR reaction. These surface carboxylates represent a dominating intermediate and (easily) react with (adsorbed) NO forming nitrogen-containing organic species. The latter are proposed to react with NO to form N2. Total oxidation of propane was enhanced at temperatures above 773 K leading to decreased reductant efficiency. Surface nitrite and nitrate species can also be observed, but they were found to be spectators only. This could be concluded from the electron balance (conversion of propane relative to NO) and from the relative rates of the single reaction steps. On the basis of these investigations and stoichiometric calculations, a conclusive reaction mechanism is proposed.