Determination of Oversulphated Chondroitin Sulphate and Dermatan Sulphate in unfractionated heparin by (1)H-NMR - Collaborative study for quantification and analytical determination of LoD.

Oversulphated Chondroitin Sulphate (OSCS) and Dermatan Sulphate (DS) in unfractionated heparins can be identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The limit of detection (LoD) of OSCS is 0.1% relative to the heparin content. This LoD is obtained at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 2000:1 of the heparin methyl signal. Quantification is best obtained by comparing peak heights of the OSCS and heparin methyl signals. Reproducibility of less than 10% relative standard deviation (RSD) has been obtained. The accuracy of quantification was good.

Collaborative study for the establishment of the WHO 3(rd) International Standard for Endotoxin, the Ph. Eur. endotoxin biological reference preparation batch 5 and the USP Reference Standard for Endotoxin Lot H0K354.

An international collaborative study was organised jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO)/National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM/Council of Europe) for the establishment of harmonised replacement endotoxin standards for these 3 organisations. Thirty-five laboratories worldwide, including Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs) and manufacturers enrolled in the study. Three candidate preparations (10/178, 10/190 and 10/196) were produced with the same material and same formulation as the current reference standards with the objective of generating a new (3(rd)) International Standard (IS) with the same potency (10 000 IU/vial) as the current (2(nd)) IS, as well as new European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). and USP standards. The suitability of the candidate preparations to act as the reference standard in assays for endotoxin performed according to compendial methods was evaluated. Their potency was calibrated against the WHO 2(nd) IS for Endotoxin (94/580). Gelation and photometric methods produced similar results for each of the candidate preparations. The overall potency estimates for the 3 batches were comparable. Given the intrinsic assay precision, the observed differences between the batches may be considered unimportant for the intended use of these materials. Overall, these results were in line with those generated for the establishment of the current preparations of reference standards. Accelerated degradation testing of vials stored at elevated temperatures supported the long-term stability of the 3 candidate preparations. It was agreed between the 3 organisations that batch 10/178 be shared between WHO and EDQM and that batches 10/190 and 10/196 be allocated to USP, with a common assigned value of 10 000 IU/vial. This value maintains the continuity of the global harmonisation of reference materials and unitage for the testing of endotoxins in parenteral pharmaceutical products. Based on the results of the collaborative study, batch 10/178 was established by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as the Ph. Eur. Endotoxin Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 5. The same batch was also established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation (ECBS) of WHO as the WHO 3(rd) IS for Endotoxin. Batch 10/190 was adopted as the USP Endotoxin Reference Standard, lot H0K354 and vials from this same batch (10/190) will serve as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Endotoxin Standard, EC-7.

A collaborative study of proposed European Pharmacopoeia reference preparations of low molecular mass heparin.

A European collaborative study, in which 16 laboratories participated, was carried out to assess the performance of the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) monograph methods for anticoagulant activities (anti-Xa and anti-IIa assays) of low molecular mass (LMM) heparin and to assess the suitability of six candidate materials as the EP working standard for LMM heparin. There was good interlaboratory agreement for both types of assays as indicated by most gcy's being less than 10%, indicating acceptable performance of the EP assay methods. All the candidate preparations gave dose-response curves parallel to the 1st International Standard for Low Molecular Weight heparin and to each other. All preparations, possibly with the exception of E and F, gave similar performance as measured by interlaboratory agreement and would be suitable as working standards. Based on these data, preparations A, B, C and D have been established by the EP as official EP Biological Reference Preparations and they will be issued as successive batches.

Interlaboratory study of the analysis of ampicillin by liquid chromatography.

A liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of ampicillin was examined in a collaborative study involving seven laboratories. The method included an isocratic part, which is used in the assay. The isocratic part is similar to the assay method for ampicillin of the US Pharmacopeia XXIII Revision. When the isocratic part is combined with gradient elution, the method is suitable for purity control. Six samples of ampicillin (anhydrous, trihydrate and sodium salt) with varying purity were analysed. The main component and related substances were determined. An analysis of variance proved the absence of consistent laboratory bias. The laboratory-sample interaction was significant. Estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility of the method, expressed as standard deviations of the result of the determination of ampicillin, were calculated to be about 0.9 and 1.1 respectively.

Collaborative study for the establishment of two European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparations for serological potency testing of tetanus vaccines for veterinary use.

The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) has organised an international collaborative study, divided into two phases, aimed at producing and establishing two suitable reference sera for serological potency testing of tetanus vaccines for veterinary use for batch consistency demonstration. In phase I pools of sera were produced by immunising guinea pigs and rabbits with tetanus toxoid using the immunisation schedule prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) for potency testing of tenanus vaccines for veterinary use. Following aliquoting and freeze-drying, characterization of the materials by immunochemical and biological assays enabled us to conclude that the sera should be suitable reference materials in respect of in-vitro assay methods for Clostridium (C.) tetani. The candidate (c) Ph. Eur. Biological Reference Preparations (BRP) were calibrated by Toxin Binding Inhibition test (ToBI) in phase II of the study by a large group of laboratories, including both manufacturers and official medicines control laboratories (OMCL). The activity of the proposed reference sera was determined by comparison with the existing equine monovalent World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS). This study enabled us to provide a definitive value for the antitoxin activity of the reference preparations in respect of their anti-tetanus antibody content.

Calibration of the Ph. Eur. BRP Batch 3/Mega 2 (US/FDA) standard for human coagulation factor VIII concentrate for use in the potency assay.

The European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation Batch 3/Mega 2 (United States/Food and Drug Administration) (Ph. Eur. BRP Batch 3/Mega 2 (US/FDA)) was developed as an internationally available, common working standard to replace the dwindling stocks of Mega 1 (the current US standard) and Ph. Eur. BRP Batch 2 (the current European standard). The potency was assigned in an international collaborative study with reference to four currently established standards, Ph. Eur. BRP batch 2, WHO 5th and 6th International Standard and Mega 1. Thirty-eight laboratories participated in the collaborative study. Each laboratory was asked to perform four independent assays. Participants used either the one stage clotting assay or the chromogenic assay or both. This publication reports the results obtained with both assays. The summary and conclusion, however highlight the results mainly with respect to the chromogenic assay, which is the assay prescribed in the European Pharmacopoeia. Data were analysed for both assays separately. A consensus potency value was calculated as the unweighted average of mean potencies determined against the four standards. A potency of 8.6 IU/vial as determined in the chromogenic substrate method was assigned to the candidate standard. Inter-laboratory agreement as assessed by calculation of the geometric coefficient of variation was below 10% for mean potencies against all four calibrators for the chromogenic assay. Ph. Eur. BRP Batch 3/Mega 2 (US/FDA) is a freeze-dried, plasma derived, high-purity concentrate. The material was filled into approximately 100,000 vials and lyophilised to a final residual moisture of < or = 2%. Approximately 90,000 vials of the standard are available, equally shared between the two co-ordinating centers. Based on the stability studies, the predicted mean percentage loss per year at -20 degrees C is 0.000% and thus the candidate standard appears to be stable. The Ph. Eur. BRP batch 3 was adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission in November 2001.

Interlaboratory study of the analysis of benzylpenicillin by liquid chromatography.

A liquid chromatography method for analysis of benzylpenicillin was examined in a collaborative study involving seven laboratories. The method comprised an isocratic part, which is used in the assay. The isocratic part corresponds to the assay method for benzylpenicillin used by a manufacturer. When the isocratic part is combined with gradient elution, the method is suitable for purity control. Five samples of benzylpenicillin (sodium and potassium salts) were analysed. The main component and the impurities were determined. An analysis of variance proved the absence of consistent laboratory bias. The laboratory-sample interaction was not significant. Estimates for the repeatability and reproducibility of the method, expressed as standard deviations (S.D.) of the result of the determination of benzylpenicillin, were calculated to be 0.71 and 0.80, respectively.