Interaction effects between sleep disorders and depression on heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders and depression were recognized as independent risk factors for heart failure, whether their interaction effects also correlated with the risk of heart failure remains elusive. This study was to explore the interaction effects between sleep disorders and depression on the risk of heart failure. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that included data from 39,636 participants in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Poisson regression model was applied to evaluate the associations of depression or sleep disorders with heart failure. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API) and synergy index (SI) were used to measure whether the interaction effects between depression and sleep disorders on heart failure was statistically significant. RESULTS: The risk of heart failure was increased in people with sleep disorders [risk ratio (RR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68-2.19) after adjusting for confounders including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, marital status, education level, annual family income, drinking history, smoking history, diabetes, hypertension and stroke. The risk of heart failure was elevated in patients with depression after adjusting for confounders (RR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.65-2.33). Patients with depression and sleep disorders were associated with increased risk of heart failure after adjusting for confounders (RR = 2.76, 95%CI: 2.23-3.42). The CIs of interactive indexes RERI was -0.42 (95%CI: -1.23-0.39), and API was -0.15 (95%CI: -0.46-0.16), which included 0. The CI of interactive indexes SI was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.54-1.21), which contained 1. CONCLUSION: Depression and sleep disorders were independent risk factors for heart failure but the interaction effects between depression and sleep disorders on the occurrence of heart failure were not statistically different.

Parathyroidectomy Influences Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Asymptomatic Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Successful parathyroidectomy (PTX) with stable postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is associated with the stabilization of coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) undergoing hemodialysis. To use computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the influence of PTX on CACS in asymptomatic patients. METHODS: This study was performed with institutional review board approval. Written consent was obtained from each patient. Forty-eight patients (mean age ± SD 54.50 ± 13.14 years; range 33-77 years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who underwent PTX and 56 patients (mean age 55.28 ± 12.32 years; range 35-76 years) who did not undergo PTX received prospective follow-up for 2 years. CACS was quantitatively performed using the Agatston method after CT scan. The differences between baseline and end-of-study PTX parameters were analyzed with the paired Student t test. RESULTS: For patients who underwent PTX, mean square root of CACS did not increase from 23.16 ± 18.58 to 23.68 ± 18.16 (t = 1.846, p = 0.072) from baseline to follow-up. In patients who did not undergo PTX, mean square root of CACS increased from 20.21 ± 16.47 to 28.72 ± 20.95 (t = 10.110, p < 0.001) from baseline to follow-up. In addition, the median annual progression rate of CACS was lower among PTX patients (4.89%), compared with the marked annual progression rate of CACS in non-PTX patients (52.81%; t = 11.264, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dysregulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism caused by SHPT may result in significant CAC progression in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients. Low PTH state after PTX may stabilize CAC progression in hemodialysis patients.

Ecological risk of copper and zinc and their different bioavailability change in soil-rice system as affected by biowaste application.

A large amount of organic fertilizer application could be accompanied by soil contamination caused by trace heavy metals. A field experiment was carried out in this study to examine the accumulation and availability of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soil, and their uptake by rice under continuous application of chicken manure, pig manure and sewage sludge. Results showed that after four years of chicken manure, pig manure and sewage sludge application, the soil Cu accumulation rates were 0.15-1.17 mg kg-1 yr-1, 1.01-4.22 mg kg-1 yr-1 and 0.13-1.15 mg kg-1 yr-1, respectively; Zn accumulation rates were 0.54-5.46 mg kg-1 yr-1, 1.51-9.65 mg kg-1 yr-1 and 1.13-10.47 mg kg-1 yr-1, respectively. Compared to the control, the chicken- and pig manure treatments significantly decreased the DTPA-extractable Cu, but increased the DTPA-extractable Zn in soils; thus decreased the Cu contents in rice grain by 2.2-40.6% and increased the grain Zn by 2.6-30.9%, respectively, with increasing application rates and number of years. The addition of sewage sludge significantly increased bioavailability of Zn in soil and its accumulation in rice, while had limited effect on Cu bioavailability. Results suggested that the continuous application of organic fertilizer with elevated Cu and Zn contents at high application rates can induce their accumulation in soil and affect their bioavailability differently.

Effects of continuous fertilization on bioavailability and fractionation of cadmium in soil and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.).

A four-year field trial was conducted in a rice paddy in southern China to determine the effects of continuous phosphate fertilizer, pig manure, chicken manure, and sewage sludge application on soil Cd accumulation in soil and Cd uptake by rice. The results showed that continuous application of fertilizers with higher Cd levels caused Cd to accumulate and redistribute in various soil fractions. In turn, these effects influenced Cd bioavailability in rice plants. After four years of phosphate fertilizer, pig manure, chicken manure, and sewage sludge application, the annual soil Cd accumulation rates were 0.007-0.032 mg kg-1, 0.005-0.022 mg kg-1, 0.002-0.013 mg kg-1, and 0.032-0.087 mg kg-1, respectively. Relative to the control, the pig- and chicken manure treatments significantly increased soil pH and reduced DTPA-extractable Cd (DTPA-Cd) and the exchangeable Cd fraction (Exc-Cd). In contrast, sewage sludge application significantly increased DTPA-Cd and Cd in all soil fractions. Phosphate fertilization had no significant effect on soil pH, DTPA-Cd, or Exc-Cd. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the rice grain Cd levels varied directly with DTPA-Cd, and Exc-Cd but inversely with soil pH. Pig- or chicken manure decreased rice grain Cd content, but sewage sludge increased both soil Cd availability and rice grain Cd uptake. Application of phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on rice grain Cd content. The continuous use of organic- or phosphate fertilizer with elevated Cd content at high application rates may induce soil Cd accumulation and influence rice grain Cd accumulation.

Influence of Parathyroidectomy on Bone Calcium Concentration: Evaluation with Spectral CT in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Undergoing Hemodialysis-A Prospective Feasibility Study.

Purpose To use spectral computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the influence of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on calcium concentration in trabecular bone and cortical bone in patients undergoing hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and Methods This study was performed with institutional review board approval. Written consent was obtained from each patient. Thirty-eight men (mean age ± standard deviation, 55.69 years ± 8.05; range, 42-72 years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who underwent PTX and 40 patients (mean age, 56.71 years ± 9.53; range, 45-74 years) who did not undergo PTX received prospective follow-up for 2 years. Bone calcium concentration was measured in the cortical compartment of the bilateral proximal femur and the medullary compartment of the lumbar vertebral bodies (L1 through L3) on the basis of calcium-based material decomposition images of a spectral CT examination. The differences between baseline and end-of-study PTX parameters were analyzed with the paired Student t test. Results For patients who underwent PTX, mean cortical bone calcium concentration increased from 220.69 mg/cm3 ± 25.79 to 257.43 mg/cm3 ± 25.46 (t = 8.546, P < .001), whereas medullary bone calcium concentration decreased from 64.75 mg/cm3 ± 15.07 to 61.42 mg/cm3 ± 15.77 (t = 22.293, P < .001) from baseline to follow-up. In patients who did not undergo PTX, mean cortical bone calcium concentration decreased from 296.08 mg/cm3 ± 36.35 to 258.35 mg/cm3 ± 31.46 (t = 7.420, P < .001), but medullary bone calcium concentration increased from 61.13 mg/cm3 ± 13.85 to 62.94 mg/cm3 ± 14.80 (t = 2.370, P = .023) from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion During the course of chronic renal failure, different bone elements involve various pathologic changes. PTX could reverse long-term cortical bone loss reflected in calcium concentration measured with spectral CT; however, it could induce medullary bone loss. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Assessment of left atrial mechanical function and synchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate left atrial (LA) function and synchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). METHODS: Forty-five PAF patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. LA peak ventricular systolic longitudinal strain (LAS-S ) and strain rate (LASR-S ) and left atrial longitudinal strain (LAS-A ) and strain rate (LASR-A ) during late diastole were determined using STE, and the standard deviation of the time to peak (TPSD) of the regional strains was calculated to quantify LA dyssynchrony. TPSD during ventricular systole and late diastole were named SDs and SDa, respectively. RESULTS: Left atrial peak longitudinal strain during ventricular systole (LAS-S ) (29.34±8.57 vs 36.73±6.13), LASR-S (1.27±0.311 vs 1.57±0.25), LAS-A (13.11±4.91 vs 17.86±3.57), and LASR-A (-1.51±0.58 vs -1.90±0.30) were reduced in the PAF group compared with the controls (P<.05 for all). SDs (8.11±3.00% vs 4.67±1.48%) and SDa (5.57±2.26% vs 3.11±1.13%) were greater in PAF patients than in the controls (P<.05 for both). Furthermore, PAF patients with normal LA sizes exhibited lower LAS-S (P<.05), LASR-S (P<.05), LAS-A (P<.05), and LASR-A (P<.05) values and increased SDs (P<.05) and SDa (P<.05) values compared with the controls. Multivariate regression confirmed that SDs and SDa were powerful parameters for differentiating PAF patients from controls (SDs: sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 72%; SDa: sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 76%). CONCLUSIONS: Left atrial (LA) dysfunction and dyssynchrony in PAF patients can be detected with STE even in the absence of LA enlargement. STE-derived SDs and SDa were powerful parameters for identifying PAF patients.

Different Combinations of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Velocity and Displacement Can Be Applied Effectively for Diagnosis of Right Heart Failure in Chinese Patients.

BACKGROUND: The noninvasive evaluation of right ventricular function (RVF) in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases remains a challenge. Internationally recommended echocardiographic parameters for the evaluation of RVF may not be applicable to China, because of the limited examination time per patient, the varying skill levels of ultrasonographers, inadequate allocation of professional specialties, and outdated instruments and equipment. METHODS: Sixty-two patients admitted for right heart failure and 52 healthy volunteers were included in the analysis. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), peak systolic velocity in the tricuspid annulus of the right ventricular free wall (S'), myocardial performance index, right ventricular fractional area change, and Doppler peak strains in the base and mid cavity were evaluated and compared between groups. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, all RVF parameters in the right heart failure group showed significant deterioration (P < .001). However, only TAPSE and S' were finally included in the discriminant equation. The diagnostic cutoff values derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve were <13.74 mm and <9.5 cm/s, respectively. The highest specificity in the diagnosis of right heart failure (100%) was achieved using S' <9.5 cm/s, either alone or in combination with TAPSE <13.74 mm. The highest diagnostic sensitivity (90.32%) was achieved using either TAPSE <13.74 mm or S' <9.5 cm/s alone. CONCLUSION: TAPSE and S' are more suitable than other parameters for the diagnosis of right heart failure in Chinese patients. Different combinations of TAPSE and S' can be applied effectively for the diagnosis of right heart failure.

Inhibiting (pro)renin receptor-mediated p38 MAPK signaling decreases hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells.

The (pro)renin receptor is a new molecular member of the renin-angiotensin system and participates in regulating many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of (pro)renin receptor-mediated signaling pathways in myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway activation by the (pro)renin receptor had effects on myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. This analysis was performed using a hypoxia/reoxygenation model in H9c2 cells to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell line was subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation. The (pro)renin receptor, caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot. After 2 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation, apoptosis increased in H9c2 cells; the (pro)renin receptor, caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expressions were upregulated. siRNA silencing of the (pro)renin receptor significantly decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. siRNA silencing of the (pro)renin receptor and treatment with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 protein expression in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, we found that the role of the (pro)renin receptor was independent of angiotensin II (Ang II). Thus, we concluded that (pro)renin receptor activation could trigger hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells, partially through the p38 MAPK/caspase 3 signaling pathway, independent of Ang II. Therefore, this study may provide new therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury prevention, and further in vivo studies are needed.

Prognostic Value of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Late Percutaneous Intervention.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular remodeling (LVr) is common after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for predicting LVr 6-9 months after late percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with STEMI. METHODS: Patients with first STEMI who accepted late PCI were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed within 48 hours of admission. Six to nine months after MI, an echocardiography examination was repeated. LVr was defined as >15% increase in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) after 6 months. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were divided into two groups: 86 patients without LVr and 41 patients with LVr. There were significant differences in the global longitudinal strain (GLS), SD of time to peak longitudinal systolic strain (longitudinal Ts-SD), longitudinal postsystolic index, radial strain (RS), and SD of time to peak radial systolic strain (Radial Ts-SD). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the GLS(odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26-0.57, P < 0.01), and RS(OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.13, P = 0.01) were determinants of LVr. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the GLS predicted LVr with an optimal cutoff value of -10.85 (sensitivity: 89.7%, specificity: 91.7%). During clinical follow-up for 16.9 ± 1.6 months, death or congestive heart failure developed in 12 patients (9.4%), and the baseline ejection fraction (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.18-3.1, P = 0.009) and GLS (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34-0.91, P = 0.02) were independent predictors. CONCLUSION: In patients with STEMI treated with late percutaneous coronary intervention, the GLS as measured by STE is a strong predictor of LVr and adverse events.

Predictive value of brachial-ankle artery pulse wave velocity to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in hospitalised patients with acute dyspnoea.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictive value of the brachial-ankle artery pulse wave velocity (baPWV) for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). METHODS: Echocardiographic data, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and baPWV were assessed in 111 consecutive patients admitted for acute dyspnea. The patients were divided into the HFpEF group (n=71) and the control group (n=40). RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the ratio of the early mitral inflow velocity to the tissue Doppler velocity (E/e') at the lateral mitral annulus, BNP, and baPWV were independently predictive of HFpEF. Adding the baPWV to E/e' at the lateral annulus and to the BNP resulted in an increase in the area under the curve (AUC) to 0.855 (vs. lateral E/e' alone, P=0.02) or 0.880 (vs. BNP alone, P=0.02), respectively. The AUC of the three combining indicators including the lateral E/e', BNP, and baPWV was 0.910 (vs. E/e' lateral alone, P<0.001; vs. BNP alone, P=0.001). The diagnostic accuracy was improved significantly after adding the baPWV to the diagnostic criteria of the 2007 ESC consensus statement (net reclassification improvement 0.127, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Adding the baPWV to the current diagnostic indicators of the 2007 ESC consensus statement could increase the accuracy of predicting HFpEF.

Noninvasive assessment of left atrial phasic function in patients with hypertension and diabetes using two-dimensional speckle tracking and volumetric parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the left atrial phasic function of hypertensive patients with or without coexisting diabetes using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE)-based strain and strain rate imaging and volumetric parameters. METHODS: The study included an isolated hypertension group (HT group) comprising 99 patients, a hypertension and diabetes group (HT + DM group) comprising 65 patients, and 26 age-matched healthy controls. The 2DSTE-based strain and strain rate images were studied, and the following parameters were measured: peak left atrial longitudinal strain (LAS-S ), early diastolic (LAS-E ) and late diastolic (LAS-A ) atrial longitudinal strains, and systolic (LASR-S ), early diastolic (LASR-E ) and late diastolic (LASR-A ) strain rates. RESULTS: The LAS-S and LASR-S were lower in the HT group and the HT + DM group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The LAS-E and LASR-E were lower in the HT group (14.9 ± 5.5% and -1.1 ± 0.4/sec, respectively) than in the control group (22.1 ± 8.3% and -1.7 ± 0.6/sec, respectively) (P < 0.001), and they were further depressed in the HT + DM group (12.3 ± 6.3% and -1.0 ± 0.4/sec, respectively) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in LAS-A or LASR-A among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that HT and DM were independently related to LAS-E and LASR-E . CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension can lead to abnormal left atrial reservoir and conduit functions, and coexisting diabetes can further impair conduit function. 2DSTE-derived strain and strain rate imaging are sensitive methods for evaluating left atrial phasic function.

Application of a rotation system to oilseed rape and rice fields in Cd-contaminated agricultural land to ensure food safety.

This field experiment analyzed the phytoremediation effects of oilseed rape in moderately cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland and the food safety of successive rice in an oilseed rape-rice rotation system. Two oilseed rape cultivars accumulated Cd at different rates. The rapeseed cultivar Zhucang Huazi exhibited high Cd accumulation rates, higher than the legal limit for human consumption (0.2mgkg(-1)); Cd concentrations in the cultivar Chuanyou II-93 were all below the maximum allowed level. Planting oilseed rape increased the uptake of Cd by the successive rice crop compared with a previous fallow treatment. Most Cd concentrations of brown rice were below the maximum allowed level. The phytoextraction efficiency was lower in the moderately Cd-contaminated soil in field experiments. The results suggest screening rice cultivars with lower Cd accumulation can assure the food safety; the mobilization of heavy metals by roots of different plant species should be considered during crop rotation to assure food safety.

BMP4 protects rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from apoptosis by PI3K/AKT/Smad1/5/8 signaling.

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), a member of the transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) family of growth factors, is activated and increased under hypoxic conditions, which plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous studies have shown that BMP4 is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of various cell types. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the regulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PAH are still incompletely understood. It has been reported that AKT is a critical regulator of cell survival and vascular remodeling. Therefore, there may be crosstalk between BMP4 anti-apoptotic processes and PI3K/AKT survival effect in rat PASMCs. To test this hypothesis, we performed confocal, cell viability measurement, mitochondrial potential, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis to determine the role of BMP4 on cell survival and apoptosis. We found that hypoxia up-regulated the expression of BMP4. BMP4 promoted cell survival, reduced mitochondrial depolarization, and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 in PASMCs under serum-deprived condition. These effects were reversed by PI3K/AKT inhibitors (LY294002 and wortmannin). Thus, these findings indicate that BMP4 protects PASMCs from apoptosis at least in part, mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway.

[Application of ICP-mS and AFS to detecting heavy metals in phosphorus fertilizers].

In order to investigate heavy metals in phosphorus fertilizers in China, 159 samples of phosphorus fertilizers including imported fertilizers and domestic fertilizers were collected from fertilizer markets, and the contents of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS and AFS after microwave digestion. The results showed that the phosphorous fertilizers contained certain amount of heavy metals, and there was great variability in the contents of heavy metals. The mean contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, As and Hg were 0. 77, 35.6, 102.7, 24. 1, 16.6, 15.4, 19.4 and 0. 08 mg kg-1 fertilizer, respectively; based on the calculation of P2O5, the mean contents of above heavy metals were 4. 48, 258. 4, 767. 4, 190. 0, 151.3, 134. 5, 155. 8 and 8. 79 mg kg-1 P2 O5, respectively. The contents of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Pb, As and Hg in the tested samples accord with the ecological index of arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium and mercury for fertilizers (GB/T 23349-2009), with the exception of Cd in one imported sample of diammonium phosphate and As in one sample of mono-ammonium phosphate. Analyzing the contents of heavy metals in imported fertilizers, the Cd contents in imported fertilizers was ranged from 0. 02 to 27. 2 mg kg-1 fertilizer, the mean and median Cd contents in imported fertilizers were 3. 20 and 0. 41 mg kg-1 fertilizer, respectively. And the Cu, Cr and Hg contents in the imported fertilizers were higher than that of domestic fertilizers, the mean contents of Cu, Cr and Hg in imported fertilizers were 39. 4, 26. 6 and 0. 47 mg kg-1 fertilizer, respectively.

Ultrasound Image under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Evaluate the Intervention Effect of Accelerated Rehabilitation Surgery Nursing on Laparoscopic Hysterectomy.

To explore the application value of accelerated rehabilitation surgery (ERAS) nursing in laparoscopic total hysterectomy, 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy for benign uterine diseases in the hospital were selected as the research object. According to different nursing schemes, they were divided into 60 cases in the experimental group (ERAS nursing program) and 60 cases in the control group (traditional perioperative nursing). All patients underwent postoperative ultrasonography, and the intraoperative and postoperative rehabilitation indexes of the two groups were analyzed. Moreover, an improved standard Capon beamforming (ISCB) algorithm is proposed, which is compared with SCB algorithm, sequential regression algorithm (SER), and recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. The results showed that the center average power and background average power (-46.92, -33.85) of the ISCB algorithm were significantly lower than those of SCB algorithm (-36.18, -23.64), SER algorithm (-39.02, -27.31), and RLS algorithm (-34.88, -24.66), while the contrast and resolution (19.11, 15.57) were significantly higher than those of SCB algorithm (12.74, 9.01), SER algorithm (13.86, 7.89), and RLS algorithm (13.26, 8.26) (P < 0.05). The anal exhaust time (11.84 ± 2.15 hours), analgesic effect score (3.37 ± 1.03 points), hospitalization days (3.72 ± 0.74 days), and hospitalization expenses (11859.03 ± 735.24 ¥) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (20.95 ± 3.44 hours, 6.12 ± 1.46 points, 5.48 ± 0.91 days, 16135.22 ± 680.55 ¥) (P < 0.05). The score of NRS evaluation scale in the experimental group (2.28 ± 0.37) was significantly better than that in the control group (4.09 ± 0.65) (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients in the experimental group (very satisfied + satisfied + generally satisfied) (100%) was significantly better than that in the control group (71%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, there were 2 cases of postoperative fever, 1 case of nausea and vomiting, and 2 cases of lower extremity venous thrombosis. In the control group, there were 4 cases of postoperative fever, 4 cases of nausea and vomiting, and 2 cases of lower extremity venous thrombosis. In summary, ultrasound imaging based on the ISCB algorithm can display the pelvic floor structure of patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy with high quality and improve the diagnostic rate of doctors. ERAS nursing can accelerate patients' postoperative rehabilitation, reduce postoperative pain, and improve patients' satisfaction. It was worthy to be popularized and applied in the clinic.

Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Computerized Tomography (CT) Evaluation of Comprehensive Nursing in the Operation Room in Laparoscopy-Guided Radical Surgery of Colon Cancer.

This research aimed to discuss the application of traditional nonlocal mean (NLM) algorithm-based computerized tomography (CT) images in intervention evaluation of the nursing for patients performing laparoscopy-guided radical surgery of colon cancer. A total of 100 patients who were diagnosed with colon cancer after enteroscopy and performed laparoscopic radical surgery were chosen as the research objects. They were divided into an observation group (comprehensive nursing in operation room) and a control group (routine nursing), each of which included 50 cases. All cases received CT examination. Meanwhile, the improved traditional NLM (INLM) algorithm was proposed, and the effects of image reconstruction were analyzed to improve the quality of CT images. The result showed that structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and figure of merit (FOM) of INLM were obviously higher than those of filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm and NLM algorithm, and the average running time was significantly less than that of FBP algorithm and NLM algorithm (P < 0.05). The operation time and the amount of intraoperative blood loss of patients in the observation group were both less than those of patients in the control group, and differences had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Besides, the time of getting out of bed, ventilation recovery time, postoperative meal time, stomach tube encumbrance time, and catheter encumbrance time of patients in the observation group were all less than those of patients in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance (P < 0.05). In the observation group, there were 3 cases with postoperative complications, and 2 out of them got incision infection while 1 suffered from constipation. In contrast, there were 9 cases with postoperative complications in the control group, 3 of which were patients with incision infection, and 2 suffered from urinary retention while the other 4 suffered from constipation. According to the above results, the INLM algorithm proposed in this research could improve the image reconstruction accuracy of traditional algorithm, shorten the running time, and enhance the overall diagnostic efficiency. The comprehensive nursing in operation room with laparoscopic radical surgery of colon cancer could improve the cure rate and prognosis of patients, so it was worthy of clinical promotion and application.

[Influencing Factors of Cadmium Bioaccumulation Factor in Crops].

The Cd bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of crops is affected by many aspects. In order to clarify the differences in the Cd bioaccumulation factor characteristics of different crops under field conditions and the influence of soil properties, point-to-point samples of soil and crop grains were collected during crop harvesting on plots with varying pollution levels in the primary production areas of rice, wheat, and maize in China. The characteristics of the Cd bioaccumulation factors of rice, wheat, summer maize, and spring maize and the effects of soil properties on the Cd bioaccumulation factors of different crops were studied, and the quantitative relationship between the Cd bioaccumulation factors and soil properties was established through multiple regression equations. The results revealed that the average BCF values of Cd in rice, wheat, summer maize, and spring maize were 0.915, 0.155, 0.113, and 0.102, respectively, with the Cd content in the field soil of 0.15-2.66 mg·kg-1. Rice is significantly higher than wheat and maize, and spring maize has the lowest Cd bioaccumulation factor. The Cd content in the soil is extremely negatively correlated with the BCF of wheat, summer maize, and spring maize. The relationship between soil organic matter (SOM) and the BCF of wheat and summer maize demonstrated a significant negative correlation. The soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) also affect the BCF of crops. Introducing the soil Cd content, pH, SOM, CEC, and other factors, the Cd bioaccumulation factor prediction equations of rice, wheat, summer maize, and spring maize were established. The correlation coefficients of the BCF prediction equations for rice, wheat, summer maize, and spring maize are 0.423*, 0.796**, 0.826**, and 0.551**, respectively. The above models reached significant or extremely significant levels, which can better predict the BCF value of different crops under varying soil conditions.

Cadmium accumulation in wheat and maize grains from China: Interaction of soil properties, novel enrichment models and soil thresholds.

The cadmium (Cd) activity in soil has been widely studied. However, the interactive effects of soil properties (e.g. soil pH, CEC, and SOM) on Cd transfer from soil to grain are generally overlooked. In total 325 datasets including soil pH, CEC, SOM, and soil Cd content were used in this study. The descriptive statistics indicated that Cd content in wheat and maize soils ranged from 0.05 to 10.31 mg/kg and 0.02-13.68 mg/kg, with mean values of 0.87 and 1.14 mg/kg, respectively. Cd contents in wheat and maize grains were 0.01-1.36 mg/kg and 0.001-1.08 mg/kg with average values of 0.15 and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively. The results of SEM demonstrated that the interactive effects of soil properties contributed more to Cd transfer from soil to wheat grain than the soil Cd content. Subsequently, CITs-MLR indicated that the critical factors, including soil pH and total soil Cd content, could mask the contribution of other soil properties on Cd accumulation in grain; soil CEC may prevent Cd from leaching and therefore improve grain Cd level of wheat especially at acidic soil condition. The result of derived Cd thresholds revealed that current Cd thresholds are not completely suitable to wheat and maize grain at different soil conditions. This study provides a new model for further investigation on relationships between soil properties, soil Cd content and grain Cd level.

[Characteristics of Heavy Metal Absorption by Winter Wheat and Its Quantitative Relationship with Influencing Factors].

Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in China, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products is an important component in agricultural production. The absorption of heavy metals by winter wheat is affected by many factors. To clarify the characteristics of heavy metal absorption by winter wheat under field conditions, and the quantitative relationship between the content of heavy metals in wheat grains and the physical and chemical properties of soil and its content of heavy metals, point-to-point sampling was carried out from 50 fields with different levels of heavy metal pollution in the main wheat-producing areas of North China. The pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and contents of heavy metals in soil, wheat grain, and straw were analyzed. In addition, the characteristics of heavy metals absorbed by wheat and the effects of the physical and chemical properties of soil on the absorption of heavy metals by wheat were studied, and the quantitative relationship between heavy metals and physical and chemical properties of soil and heavy metals in wheat grain was studied by multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the Cd content in soil in the wheat field ranged from 0.150 to 2.66 mg·kg-1, and the Cd content of the corresponding wheat grain ranged from 0.033 to 0.39 mg·kg-1. The range of Pb content in soil was 4.68-371 mg·kg-1, and the corresponding wheat Pb content range was 0.27-2.4 mg·kg-1. The soil As content range was 3.00-21.3 mg·kg-1, and the corresponding wheat grain As content range was 0.044-0.18 mg·kg-1. The over-standard rates of wheat Cd, Pb, and As were 55%, 100%, and 0, respectively, and those of soil Cd, Pb, and As were 52%, 13%, and 0, respectively. Soil Cd content was positively correlated with wheat grain Cd content (P<0.01), with correlation coefficient r=0.663 (n=50). There was a significant positive correlation between soil Pb content and wheat Pb content (P<0.05), with correlation coefficient r=0.348 (n=50). There was no significant correlation between soil As content and wheat As content. The mean enrichment coefficients of wheat grains on Cd, Pb, and As were 0.17, 0.027, and 0.0089, respectively, and the mean transfer coefficients were 0.52, 0.27, and 0.22, respectively. The enrichment and transfer coefficients of heavy metals in wheat were Cd > Pb > As. The content of heavy metals in wheat straw was 2-5 times higher than that in corresponding grains. Soil pH, OM, and CEC also affect Cd content in wheat grains. Soil Cd content, soil pH, OM, CEC, and wheat grain Cd content were analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and four prediction equations of wheat grain Cd content were obtained. The correlation coefficient r reached a very significant level (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient of the prediction equation including all variables was highest at r=0.810 (n=50), showing that it could predict the Cd content in wheat grains well.

Accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in an acid soil and their uptake by paddy rice under continuous application of chicken and swine manure.

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils is a global concern, as it can cause the accumulation of heavy metals in food. In this study, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the continuous application of chicken or swine manure on the Pb, Cd, Cr and As bioavailability, fractionation, and accumulation in soil and uptake by rice plants. Results showed that chicken or swine manure significantly reduced the Cd and Pb contents in rice grain by 7.8-79.3% and 7.2-59.4%, respectively, with increasing application rates and number of years; the exchangeable Cd and Pb fractions, and the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd and Pb in the soil were also decreased. Furthermore, the application of chicken or swine manure substantially increased the DTPA-extractable As and exchangeable As fractions in the soil but had limited effect on As accumulation in rice grain. No significant differences in the bioavailability in soil nor accumulation in the rice grain were found for Cr between the treatments. Therefore, livestock manure can be used as soil amendments to decrease Cd and Pb accumulation in rice grains, nevertheless, the potential risk of metal accumulation in soils caused by livestock manure application should be considered.