RESUMEN
CX3CL1 is a unique chemokine, expressed in both soluble and membrane bound forms, which mediates different biological activities. Recent studies have revealed the potential of CX3CL1 signaling pathway as a target for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The correlation between expression of CX3CL1 and prognosis of patients varies among cancers. In this study, based on CX3CL1 immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer, CX3CL1 levels were positively associated with cancer stage (Pearson chi-square, P = 0.048) and lymph node status (P = 0.033). Interestingly, survival effects of CX3CL1 were only observed in patients with smoking history and adenocarcinoma (AD, log rank, P = 0.027), but not in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). The median survival time of patients with smoking history and low level CX3CL1 expressing AD was 1538 days, while that of patients with smoking history and high level CX3CL1 expressing AD was 396 days. Cox regression models showed adverse effects of high CX3CL1 levels only in AD patients with smoking history (hazard ratio = 3.01, p = 0.034), but not in AD patients without smoking history or in SQ patients with smoking history. The results of this study suggest that CX3CL1 plays different roles in lung tumorigenesis in smokers and non-smokers, and different CX3CL1-based therapeutic strategies are needed depending on patient smoking status and tumor type. Furthermore, high level of CX3CL1 expression enhances nodal metastasis by activating JNK & MMP2/MMP9 activity in lung cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Quimiocina CX3CL1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Fumar/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Células A549 , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Movimiento Celular , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Metástasis Linfática , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4/metabolismo , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 3 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal , Fumar/patología , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
In this Letter, we propose an intracorporeal illumination system for providing uniform and wide-field illumination during minimally invasive surgery. The illumination system is comprised of an Alexis wound retractor, a set of LEDs, and secondary optical elements (SOEs). The SOE was composed of a Fresnel lens and a total internal reflection lens, which was designed to improve the optical performance of the LED. The results of simulation demonstrate that the optical efficiency of each LED with an SOE could be increased from 33.6% to 82.9%. To avoid damage to human tissue by thermal effect, the number of LEDs with SOEs was optimized. The results indicate that our design to be applicable for practical surgery.
Asunto(s)
Luz , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/instrumentación , Dispositivos Ópticos , Semiconductores , TóraxRESUMEN
Monkeypox (Mpox) is a global health emergency. Yeh et al. analyze tandem repeats and linkage disequilibrium in monkeypox virus (MPXV) sequences from the 2022 pandemic to determine the virus evolution, showing that these are useful tools to monitor and track phylogenetic dynamics and recombination of MPXV.