Molecular identification and function characterization of four alternative splice variants of trim25 in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Trim25 is a member of Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family. Previous studies report that trim25 modulates antiviral activity by activating RIG-I. In this study we explored the four alternative splicing (AS) variants X1-X4 of Japanese flounder trim25. The sequences of the AS variants were highly conserved. Expression levels of trim25 X1-X4 were increased after 12 h of poly I:C treatment in vitro. In vivo expression of X2-X4 in liver, kidney (except X2) and blood was significantly up-regulated in early stages of poly I:C treatment. Subcellular localization analysis showed that Trim25 X1-X4 were distributed in different cellular organelles. The recombinant vector pcDNA3.1-Trim25 X1-X4 were successfully overexpressed in Flounder cells and the samples were collected. Expression patterns of RIG-I pathway genes dhx58, traf6, traf2, nfkbia and il-8 were explored in vitro and in vivo after poly I:C treatment, as well as overexpressed samples. The findings of this study imply that AS variants of trim25 confer antiviral activity in Japanese flounder by modulating innate immune response.

[Vertical distribution patterns of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Chinese pine forest soils developed from different parent materials in Songshan Mountain Nature Reserve, Beijing of China].

Taking the soils developed from two kinds of parent materials (granite and limestone) under Pinus tabulaeformis forest at the same altitude in Songshan Mountain Nature Reserve of Beijing as test objects, this paper studied the vertical distribution patterns of soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The soil developed from granite had the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents being 1.61-2. 35 g kg-1, 5. 84-10.74 mg kg- 1, and 39.33-93.66 mg kg-1, while that developed from limestone had the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents being 1. 69 -2. 36 g kg-1, 4.45-8.57 mg . kg-1, and 60.66-124.00 mg kg-1, respectively. The total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents in the two soils were the highest in 0-10 cm layer, decreased with increasing depth, and had significant differences between different layers, showing that the soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium had a strong tendency to accumulate in surface layer. Such a tendency was more obvious for the soil developed from limestone. The paired t-test for the two soils indicated that the total nitrogen content in different layers had no significant difference, whereas the available phosphorus content in 0-10 cm layer and the available potassium content in 10-20 cm layer differed significantly.

[Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on leaf nutrient contents of triploid Populus tomentosa clone BT17].

To understand the coupling effect of water and nitrogen on the leaf nutrient contents of Populus tomentosa and to search for an optimal combination of water and nitrogen for P. tomentosa, a field experiment with randomized block design (3 levels of irrigation water and 4 levels of fertilizer nitrogen) was conducted in a two-year-old P. tomentosa clone BT17 plantation in the nursery of Weixian County, Hebei Province of North China from 2007 to 2009. The N, P and K contents in BT17 leaves differed significantly among seasons, with the order of spring > summer > autumn, and had significant differences among the 12 treatments, being the highest in the treatment 75% of field capacity and 160 g per plant of N application rate. The coupling of water and nitrogen had positive effects on the leaf N, P, and K contents, and thus, more attention should be paid to this coupling effect in the management of P. tomentosa. The leaf nutrient contents had different responses to water and nitrogen. The leaf N and K contents were more affected by soil water content, while the leaf P content was more affected by N application rate.