Social Media and Orthopaedics: Opportunities and Challenges.

Social media presents unique opportunities and challenges for practicing orthopaedic surgeons. Social media, such as blogging, Facebook, and Twitter, provides orthopaedic surgeons with a new and innovative way to communicate with patients and colleagues. Social media may be a way for orthopaedic surgeons to enhance communication with patients and healthcare populations; however, orthopaedic surgeons must recognize the limitations of social media and the pitfalls of increased connectedness in patient care.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Health Sciences Education: a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This scoping review aimed to explore the connection between health education and entrepreneurship and to identify gaps in the current literature, educational models, and best practices regarding teaching medical professionals about entrepreneurship and innovation. METHODS: The methodology for this review was based on the principles of Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) model for scoping review design. Results from Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Emcare, AMED, PubMed, and Google Scholar were scanned, filtered, and mapped. RESULTS: Fifty-nine unique papers were found and mapped. The papers discussed common themes, including the entrepreneurial environment (n = 29), career planning and skill development (n = 3), and various skills crucial for the health entrepreneur. The satisfaction was high for most programs, but few reported more fulsome outcomes. The teaching techniques used to engage trainees or physicians in entrepreneurship were also fairly limited. CONCLUSION: Though some programs are described, few have demonstrated efficacy. More attention should be paid towards faculty-level recruitment, development and reward, so that they may in turn teach these approaches. Those involved with educational planning can help close this gap.

The Impact of Social Stigma for Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Low-resource Areas: A Systematic Review.

There are still children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) in low-resource areas who face social rejection. This stigma disadvantages children in education, employment, marriage, and community, and is exacerbated by barriers to care. Our study objective was to conduct a systematic review of the impact of social stigma of CLP for children in low-resource areas. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A systematic search was conducted of 3 databases: Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, and the African Journal Online from 2000 to October 5 2018. Common themes were identified using a grounded theory approach and quantitatively summarized. The Joanna Briggs Institute criteria were used to evaluate the risk-of-bias assessments. Four hundred seventy-seven articles were screened; 15 articles were included that focused on the impact of social stigma on CLP in low-resource areas. This was limited to English articles. The majority of studies originated in Nigeria or India. Themes were reported as follows: societal beliefs (n = 9; 60%), social impact (n = 7; 46%), marriage (n = 7; 46%), education (n = 6; 40%), employment (n = 5; 33%), and psychological distress (n = 3; 20%). Causes include the effect of "God's will," supernatural forces, evil spirits or ancestral spirits, exposure to an eclipse, black magic, or a contagion. Further, children with CLP may not be worth a full name or considered human and killed. Awareness of the impact of social stigma for children with CLP in low-resource areas generates support toward national education and awareness in low-resource areas.