RESUMEN
The present experiment was aimed at finding the optimal supplemental dose of nano-selenium in broiler chicken during the summer season for better performance in terms of growth, blood metabolites, immune response, antioxidant status, and selenium concentration in vital organs. Three-hundred-day-old Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups with six replicates of 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 (control group), basal diet; T2, basal diet with 0.0375 ppm of nano-Se; T3, basal diet with 0.075 ppm of nano-Se; T4, basal diet with 0.15 ppm of nano-Se; T5, basal diet with 0.3 ppm of nano-Se. The experiment was carried out for 35 days. The average gain and feed conversion ratio were best observed in T4 and T5. The antibody titres were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treated birds. At the 5th week, erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher and lipid peroxidation values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in all the nano-Se-treated groups. The Se levels in the liver, breast muscle, kidney, brain, and gizzard were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increased dietary nano-Se. Histological studies of the liver and kidney in the highest nano-Se-treated groups (T4 and T5) did not show any abnormal changes. It is concluded that supplementation of nano-selenium at 0.15 ppm over and above the basal level improved the performance and protect the birds from summer stress without any adverse effect on the vital organs of chicken.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Selenio , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Selenio/metabolismo , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estaciones del Año , Dieta/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
A total of 60 animals (38 cows, 22 heifers) were selected and were divided into three groups of 20 animals each (containing both anoestrus and repeat breeder) in which treatment was performed for 60 days. Group I: control (farmer practice), T1 group: group I + hormone (double synch), and T2 group: group I + hormone (Estra double synch). The growth performances were measured in terms of body weight and average daily gain (ADG). Blood collection was done at the start and end of the experiment for assessment of blood biochemical, hematological, and reproductive status of the animals. Results revealed significant improvement in growth and reproductive performances in treatment group as compared to control group. Higher percentage of conception was achieved in group III (60%) followed by group II (55%). The least percentage was in group I (15%), i.e., in control group. So it was found that the effect of treating the reproductive-disordered animals with Estra double synch gave comparatively better result than double synch hormonal application.
Asunto(s)
Buserelina/farmacología , Bovinos/fisiología , Industria Lechera/métodos , Dinoprost/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Sincronización del Estro/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias para el Control de la Reproducción/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dinoprost/farmacología , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , India , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , ReproducciónRESUMEN
Seven-transmembrane receptors of the frizzled family can interact with secreted Wnt ligands and transmit Wnt signals into the cell. Dependent on the ligand receptor combination, distinct Wnt pathways are activated. Xenopus frizzled 7 (Xfz7) and Xwnt-8b as well as Human frizzled 5 (Hfz5) and Xwnt-5a can act synergistically in the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin target genes siamois (Xsia) and nodal related 3 (Xnr3) and in the induction of ectopic axes in Xenopus embryos. In order to characterize the role of different protein domains of Xfz7 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, chimeric Xfz7/Hfz5 receptors were generated in which the extracellular (N5-TC7) or the intracellular domains (NT7-C5) between Xfz7 and Hfz5 were exchanged. We present evidence that the extracellular domain of Xfz7 can interact with Xwnt-5a and that the intracellular C-terminus can transmit a Wnt/beta-catenin signal. Despite these abilities, Xfz7 and Xwnt-5a do not act synergistically in the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin targets. This implies that the interaction of a frizzled receptor with different ligands can result in distinct cellular responses.
Asunto(s)
Receptores de Superficie Celular/fisiología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Proteínas de Xenopus , Xenopus/embriología , Xenopus/fisiología , Proteínas de Pez Cebra , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Receptores Frizzled , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/fisiología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/química , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Wnt , Proteína Wnt-5a , Xenopus/genéticaRESUMEN
Tumor endothelial markers (TEMs) that are highly expressed in human tumor vasculature compared with vasculature in normal tissue hold clear therapeutic potential. We report that the C-type lectin CLEC14A is a novel TEM. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining of tissue arrays has shown that CLEC14A is strongly expressed in tumor vasculature when compared with vessels in normal tissue. CLEC14A overexpression in tumor vessels was seen in a wide range of solid tumor types. Functional studies showed that CLEC14A induces filopodia and facilitates endothelial migration, tube formation and vascular development in zebrafish that is, CLEC14A regulates pro-angiogenic phenotypes. CLEC14A antisera inhibited cell migration and tube formation, suggesting that anti-CLEC14A antibodies may have anti-angiogenic activity. Finally, in endothelial cultures, expression of CLEC14A increased at low shear stress, and we hypothesize that low shear stress due to poor blood flow in the disorganized tumor vasculature induces expression of CLEC14A on tumor vessels and pro-angiogenic phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/irrigación sanguínea , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Femenino , Humanos , Lectinas Tipo C/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Seudópodos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismo , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Cell signalling through Frizzled receptors has evolved to considerable complexity within the metazoans. The Frizzled-dependent signalling cascade comprises several branches, whose differential activation depends on specific Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptor isoforms and the cellular context. In Xenopus laevis embryos, the canonical beta-catenin pathway contributes to the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis. A different branch, referred to as the planar cell polarity pathway, is essential for cell polarization during elongation of the axial mesoderm by convergent extension. Here we demonstrate that a third branch of the cascade is independent of Dishevelled function and involves signalling through trimeric G proteins and protein kinase C (PKC). During gastrulation, Frizzled-7 (Fz7)-dependent PKC signalling controls cell-sorting behaviour in the mesoderm. Loss of zygotic Fz7 function results in the inability of involuted anterior mesoderm to separate from the ectoderm, which leads to severe gastrulation defects. This result provides a developmentally relevant in vivo function for the Fz/PKC pathway in vertebrates.
Asunto(s)
Gástrula/fisiología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/fisiología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Transducción de Señal , Transactivadores , Proteínas de Xenopus , Animales , Polaridad Celular , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Embrión no Mamífero , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Gástrula/citología , Gástrula/metabolismo , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Mesodermo/fisiología , Morfogénesis/fisiología , Oligonucleótidos Antisentido/farmacología , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Xenopus laevis , beta CateninaRESUMEN
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) encoded by the MDR1 gene, a predictor of chemoresistance, may also serve as a prognosticator of clinical outcome in cancer patients. The mutant tumour-suppressor p53 protein has been shown to activate the MDR1 promoter, whereas the wild-type p53 represses this activity in cultured cells. We have described the differential expression of Pgp and p53 proteins in betel- and tobacco-related oral tumorigenesis in the Indian population. Herein, Pgp expression was analysed in relation to p53 protein accumulation in pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions by immunohistochemical and flow-cytometric analyses. The relationship between Pgp and p53 protein accumulation and clinicopathological parameters as well as prognosis was determined. Expression of Pgp was observed in 81% of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 71% of pre-malignant lesions. Sixty-five of 75 p53-positive oral SCCs and 21/24 p53-positive pre-malignant lesions showed expression of Pgp. Significant correlation between Pgp and p53 expression was found not only in oral SCCs but also in pre-malignant lesions. Co-expression of Pgp and p53 proteins was indicative of poor prognosis. Follow-up studies of 35 patients showed that 7 of 10 oral SCCs with accumulation of Pgp and p53 proteins also exhibited shorter disease-free survival (recurrence/metastases). Our findings provide clinical evidence for a significant association between Pgp and p53 protein expression in oral tumorigenesis and may account for the aggressive nature of the tumour and poor prognosis.