Outcomes of the NHS England National Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Service for adults with respiratory failure: a multicentre observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used to support adults with severe respiratory failure refractory to conventional measures. In 2011, NHS England commissioned a national service to provide ECMO to adults with refractory acute respiratory failure. Our aims were to characterise the patients admitted to the service, report their outcomes, and highlight characteristics potentially associated with survival. METHODS: An observational cohort study was conducted of all patients treated by the NHS England commissioned ECMO service between December 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Analysis was conducted according to a prespecified protocol (NCT: 03979222). Data are presented as median [inter-quartile range, IQR]. RESULTS: A total of 1205 patients were supported with ECMO during the study period; the majority (n=1150; 95%) had veno-venous ECMO alone. The survival rate at ECMO ICU discharge was 74% (n=887). Survivors had a lower median age (43 yr [32-52]), compared with non-survivors (49 y [39-60]). Increased severity of hypoxaemia at time of decision-to-cannulate was associated with a lower probability of survival: survivors had a median Sao2 of 90% (84-93%; median Pao2/Fio2, 9.4 kPa [7.7-12.6]), compared with non-survivors (Sao2 88% [80-92%]; Pao2/Fio2 ratio: 8.5 kPa [7.1-11.5]). Patients requiring ECMO because of asthma were more likely to survive (95% survival rate (95% CI, 91-99%), compared with a survival of 71% (95% CI, 69-74%) in patients with respiratory failure attributable to other diagnoses. CONCLUSION: A national ECMO service can achieve good short-term outcomes for patients with undifferentiated respiratory failure refractory to conventional management. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03979222.

Scaling up a National Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Referral Service for adult patients in acute severe respiratory failure at the time of a pandemic.

The National ECMO Service for patients in acute severe respiratory failure in England responded to the challenge of the coronavirus pandemic by implementing a central electronic referral system within days. Prior to this, each ECMO centre managed independently around 20 ECMO referrals per month. Early during the pandemic, we recognised the need for a referral system to co-ordinate the anticipated increased number of referrals. We implemented rapidly a referral system with universal access across England. This allowed the five National ECMO centres to manage over 1000 referrals in the first seven weeks of the pandemic. Key benefits of the new system included facilitated communication and collaboration between centres; data on demand; and capacity shared in real-time. We believe this was instrumental in allowing us to continue to provide for the whole country, respond at scale, and facilitate our collaborative work as a multidisciplinary team.